In vitro antifungal activity of Polyporaceae against yeasts and dermatophytes

Summary. The antifungal activity of 38 Polyporaceae sensu lato against yeasts and dermatophytes was tested in vitro by the agar dilution method. Strains were typed organisms and clinical isolates. In this first report Pycnoporellus fulgens (Fr. Donk was found to be the most active species against pathological fungi and showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against yeasts ( Candida albicans, Candida glabrata ) and dermatophytes ( Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum. Microsporum canis. Microsporum gypseum. Epidermophyton floccosum ). Other Polyporaceae species also showed antifungal activity, but only against dermatophytes.
Zusammenfassung. Alkoholische Rohextrakte von 38 Polyporaceae-Arten wurden in vitro mittels Agardilutiontest auf ihre antimyzetische Wirkung gegen Hefen und Dermatophyten geprüft. Die Teststämme waren einige Sammlungsstämme, in der Mehrzahl aber klinische Isolate. In dieser Studie erwies sich der Extrakt von Pycnoporellus fulgens (Fr.) Donk als antimyzetisch aktivste Spezies gegen pathogene Hefen ( Candida albicans, C. glabrata ) sowie gegen Dermatophyten ( Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, Epidermophyion floccosum ). Andere Polyporaceae zeigten ebenfalls antimyzetische Aktivitat, jedoch nur gegen Dermatophyten.     

南京多孔菌科真菌的调查

本文报道了在南京中山陵一带采集并经鉴定的28种多孔菌科真菌,其中8种是药用真菌,10种为江苏新分布种。文中还讨论了中山陵及灵谷寺一带适宜大型真菌生长发育的生态环境。     

Ergosta-7,22-diene-2β,3α,9α-triol from the fruit bodies of Ganoderma lucidum induces apoptosis in human myelocytic HL-60 cells

Ganoderma lucidum is known as a medicinal mushroom used in traditional medicine. In our study, the cytotoxic activities of 17 compounds (1-17) isolated from the fruiting bodies of G. lucidum were investigated. Among them, ergosta-7,22-diene-2β,3α,9α-triol (EGDT) induced apoptosis in HL-60 human premyelocytic leukemia cells. EGDT activated the apoptotic process, including DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity. In immunoblotting analysis, treatment with EGDT resulted in the cleavage of procaspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) into active forms. In the in vivo study, the administration (i.p.) of EGDT to Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-inoculated mice evidenced a significant inhibition of tumor growth. These results indicate that EGDT was one of the apoptotic constituents of G. lucidum, and might be an antitumor agent.     

Cryptoporic acid S,a new drimane-type sesquiterpene ether of isocitric acid from the fruiting bodies of Cryptoporus volvatus

A new drimane-type sesquiterpene with an isocitric acid moiety, cryptoporic acid S (1), together with six known compounds, cryptoporic acid D (2), β-sitosterol (3), β-daucosterol (4), stigmast-4-en-3-one (5), ergosterol (6), and (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (7), was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Cryptoporus volvatus. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of UV, IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR analysis. In the meanwhile, compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for antioxidant activity using the methods of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity (DPPH-RSA) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and they exhibited moderate antioxidant activities.     

Cytotoxicity and dna topoisomerases inhibitory activity of constituents from the sclerotium of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Poria cocos</Emphasis>

The bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methylene chloride extract of the sclerotium of Poria cocos led to the isolation of (S)-(+)-turmerone (1), ergosterol peroxide (2), polyporenic acid C (3), dehydropachymic acid (4), pachymic acid (5), and tumulosic acid (6). Compounds 4-6 exhibited moderate cytotoxicities, with IC50 values of 20.5, 29.1, and 10.4 microM, respectively, against a human colon carcinoma cell line. However, 3-6 not only showed inhibitory activities as potent as etoposide used as a positive control on DNA topoisomerase II (36.1, 36.2, 43.9 and 66.7% inhibition at a concentration of 20 microM, respectively), but also inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I (55.8, 60.7, 43.5, and 83.3% inhibition at a concentration of 100 microM, respectively).     

Bioactivity-directed isolation, identification of diuretic compounds from Polyporus umbellatus

Aim of the study

Polyporus umbellatus is a fungus used as a diuretic medicine. The objective of this study was to isolate and elucidate the diuretic constituents of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts of Polyporus umbellatus and to evaluate their diuretic activity.

Materials and methods

The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts of Polyporus umbellatus were tested by diuretic experiment of normal rats in metabolic cage. The n-hexane extract and n-butanol extract were prepared separately by the bioassay-guided approach. Three isolated compounds doses (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg BW) were orally administered to normal rats. Water excretion rate, pH and content of Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl⁻ were measured in the urine of saline-loaded rats.

Results

n-Hexane extract (P < 0.05), n-butanol extract (P < 0.05) and three isolated compounds (ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one, ergosterol and d-mannitol) displayed diuretic activity.

Conclusions

The ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one was the strongest diuretic constituent in the three compounds. Ergosterol and d-mannitol were found to be also responsible for duiretic effects in Polyporus umbellatus for the first time. Data show that 20 mg/kg dose of the ergosterol for urine out put became significantly higher than in the control rats, but the ratio of Na⁺/K⁺ almost unaltered in the three doses. The highest dose of the d-mannitol was significant and increased the cumulative urine output. Regarding the electrolyte excretion, data show that the doses 10 and 20 mg/kg produce significant increase for excretion of Na⁺ and Cl⁻. The present results provide a quantitative basis explaining application of Polyporus umbellatus as a diuretic medicine. The result proved that its diuretic effects were also due to the contribution of multi-components in clinical application.     

In vitro Activity of Extracts from Polyporaceae against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Aqueous extracts of Fomitella supina, Phellinus rhabarbarinus, Trichaptum perrottettii, and Trametes cubensis (Polyporaceae) from the Amazonian rain forest of Venezuela exhibited differential cytotoxicity and inhibitory activity against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). These extracts inactivated extracellular virions and suppressed HIV-1 replication by blocking HIV-1-induced cell–cell fusion in an in vitro culture system. They also stimulated interferon (IFN) production, active against HIV-1 and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) cytopathic effects. The results suggest that these extracts contain novel anti-HIV active compounds which, individually or in combination, can exert several distinct suppressive effects. The test extracts appear to act specifically at the level of CD4-gp120 binding.     

Constituents from the fruiting bodies ofGanoderma applanatum and their aldose reductase inhibitory activity

Eight compounds were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum, and were identified as 2-methoxyfatty acids (1), 5-dihydroergosterol (2), ergosterol peroxide (3) 3beta,7beta, 20,23xi-tetrahydroxy-11,15-dioxolanosta-8-en-26-oic acid (4), 7beta,20,23xi-trihydroxy-3,11,15-trioxolanosta-8-en-26-oic acid (5), cerevisterol (6), 7beta,23xi-dihydroxy-3,11,15-trioxolanosta-8,20E (22)-dien-26-oic acid (7), and 7beta-hydroxy-3,11,15,23-tetraoxolanosta-8,20E(22)-dien-26-oic acid methyl ester (8) by spectral analysis. All compounds were isolated for the first time from this fruiting bodies, and their effect on rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) activity was tested. Among these eight compounds, ergosterol peroxide (3) was found to exhibit potent RLAR inhibition, its IC50 value being 15.4 microg/mL.     

广东市售芝类生药商品调查及其初步鉴定

目的：调查广东省内市售芝类生药商品种类及其药用情况,进行基源研究和生药学初步鉴定,为科学利用芝类生药提供参考。方法收集市售芝类商品样品并调查其药用价值,利用生药鉴定方法研究它们的基源,描述其性状和显微特征。结果广东省内市场主流芝类生药商品均来源于多孔菌科,分属9属20种,可从子实体或菌核性状特征、管口、菌管等方面进行鉴定。结论广东芝类商品市场发展迅猛,但存在生药来源复杂、基础研究不足、野生资源快速减少和潜在安全隐患等问题,建议规范市场、加强监管、保护资源和加大研究力度。     

隐孔菌多糖成分对致敏大鼠气道高反应性和炎症细胞的影响

目的：研究隐孔茼多糖成分对大鼠气道高反应性的影响，初步探索其作用机制。方法：采用卵白蛋白致敏雾化吸入攻击制备大鼠哮喘模型，隐孔茼多糖成分A、B(5mg／kg、20mg／kg)和酮替芬(5mg／kg)及溶媒对照(等量生理盐水)灌胃10d。用甲酰胆碱激发气道高反应性后，行支气管肺泡灌洗和腹腔灌洗，计数支气管肺泡灌洗液中细胞总数并分类，和腹腔灌洗液中脱颗粒肥大细胞及白细胞分类。结果：隐孔菌多糖成分A、B均能明显抑制致敏大鼠抗原攻击后气道阻力的增加及肺顺应性的下降；减少支气管肺泡灌洗液中白细胞总数，降低嗜酸细胞的数目，以多糖B作用更明显；多糖A和多糖B也明显抑制腹腔肥大细胞脱颗粒及腹腔嗜酸性粒细胞的渗出。结论：隐孔菌多糖A、B成分抑制大鼠的气道高反应性，其作用可能与稳定肥大细胞膜、抑制嗜酸细胞炎症和趋化有关。