Long-term skeletal stability in the treatment of mandibular prognathism with a physiological positioning strategy

Our aim was to evaluate the long-term skeletal stability of the mandible in 21 patients after orthognathic surgery with physiological positioning. The measurement points SNB, B point (X, Y), Pog (X, Y), and the angle of the ramus were measured on cephalometric photographs to assess skeletal stability preoperatively, immediately after operation, and one and two years postoperatively. In addition, we evaluated the clinical symptoms of disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The analysis of the cephalometric photographs showed that SNB, B point X, and Pog X showed no significant differences among the postoperative time points. On the other hand, B point Y and Pog Y showed no significant differences throughout the study period. We compared the angle of the ramus before operation and two years postoperatively, and no significant difference was found. In addition, no cases showed any pathological symptoms of disorders of the TMJ two years postoperatively. The long-term stability after orthognathic surgery with physiological positioning was confirmed, and it seems to be a reliable orthognathic treatment in patients with mandibular prognathism.     

生物医学工程专业开展大型医学影像设备计量教学的对策分析

本研究通过分析国内高等院校开展大型医学影像设备计量教学的现状,探讨了生物医学工程专业的优势及其与医学计量人才培养需求的内在联系,阐明了高等院校生物医学工程专业开展大型医学影像设备计量教学的必要性;并分别从课程建设、教学设计、教材建设、条件建设和师资队伍方面提出了具体的思路和对策,有望为高等院校开展大型医学影像设备计量教学提供指导和帮助。     

生物蛋白胶联合大网膜包肾在门静脉高压症手术治疗中的应用

目的:评价医用生物蛋白胶(BFG)联合大网膜包肾(ORP)对门静脉高压症患者断流术后近期和远期疗效的影响。方法:将我院3年内(2003年11月～2006年5月)收治的118例门静脉高压症接受选择性贲门周围血管离断术(sPCDV)患者分成两组,即应用BFG联合ORP组(A组,n=72)和对照组(B组,n=46),比较两组手术后近期(一月)脾窝渗液、发热和远期上消化道再出血、肝性脑病和胃病等并发症的发生率。结果:A组手术近期脾窝渗液和发热率明显低于B组(P<0.05);A组和B组随访期间上消化道再出血率分别为1.3%和10.8%(P<0.05)、门静脉高压性胃病发生率分别为30.6%和65.2%(P<0.05);A组肝性脑病发生率与B组无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:BFG联合ORP可有效降低选择性断流术后近期和远期并发症的发生,提高门静脉高压症患者断流术的疗效。     

Some notes on uncertainty; Federal policy and innovation

The legislative background and current responsibilities of the new National Center for Health Care Technology (NCHCT) are discussed. The NCHCT's charge is to consider the stage of development, the actual or potential risks, costs and rate of use of health care technology. The role of Government in supporting new technologies, stimulating innovation and encouraging application of research products is considered. These issues are discussed in the context of the uncertainty inherent in planning and the formulation of public policy.     

Biomedical waste in laboratory medicine: audit and management

Pathology, microbiology, blood bank and other diagnostic laboratories generate sizable amount of biomedical waste (BMW). The audit of the BMW is required for planning proper strategies. The audit in our laboratory revealed 8 kgs anatomical waste, 600 kgs microbiology waste, 220 kgs waste sharps, 15 kgs soiled waste, 111 kgs solid waste, 480 litres liquid waste along with 33,000 litres per month liquid waste generated from labware washing and laboratory cleaning and 162 litres of chemical waste per month. Section wise details are described in the text. Needle sharps are collected in puncture proof containers and the needles autoclaved before sending to needle pit. The glass forms the major sharp category and is disinfected with hypochlorite before washing/recycling. All microbiology waste along with containers/plates/tubes are autoclaved before recycling/disposal. The problem of formalin fixed anatomical waste as histology specimens is pointed out. The formalin containing tissues cannot be sent for incineration for the fear of toxic gas release and the guidelines by the Biomedical waste rule makers need to be amended for the issue. The discarded/infected blood units in blood bank need to be autoclaved before disposal since chemical treatments are difficult or inefficient. The liquid waste management needs more attention and effluent treatment facility needs to be viewed seriously for hospital in general. The segregation of waste at source is the key step and reduction, reuse and recycling should be considered in proper perspectives.     

聚酸酐的合成及在生物医学上的应用

聚酸酐一类新型合成生物可降解高分子材料，由于具有良好的生物相容性、表面隔蚀降解性以及降解速度可调等优良性能，在医学前沿领域得到广泛的应用，本文综述了聚酸酐的发展情况，合成研究进展，对二十余年来聚酸酐在生物医学上的应用进行了总结，并对其研究开发前景提出展望。     

Direct prenatal chromosome diagnosis of a malignancy

A fetal tumor was suspected at 31 weeks of gestation. The occurrence of polyhydramnios led to an ultrasound examination, which revealed deformation of the fetal head, face, eye, and neck. This was confirmed by computerized tomography. Amniocentesis yielded cells with an inverted duplication of chromosome #1. This abnormality of chromosome #1 marked the malignant teratoma cells in the amniotic fluid. Cytogenetic analysis of tumor tissue and of normal tissue obtained postnatally confirmed that the abnormality of chromosome #1 observed in amniotic fluid cells was confined to the tumor. The constitutional karyotype was normal. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the direct chromosomal detection of malignancy before birth.     

生物医学科技论文存在的利益冲突问题及其应对措施

【目的】 探讨生物医学科技论文存在的主要利益冲突(Conflict of Interest, COI)问题及其应对措施。【方法】 通过检索Retraction Watch 数据库,收集2016—2021年生物医学期刊中因COI相关问题被撤销、更正或关注的95篇论文为研究对象。回顾性调查论文及其处理(撤稿、更正或关注)声明的主要特征、存在的COI问题及处理措施。【结果】 本研究纳入的95篇论文中,72篇被撤销,23篇被更正或关注。论文存在的主要COI问题包括COI披露不完整(46.3%)、确实存在COI(18.9%)、对已披露COI的完整性存在质疑(12.6%)、潜在的COI披露不完整(12.6%)、COI披露错误(5.3%)等;具体COI表现为作者与企业(42.1%)、其他研究者(9.7%)、其他作者(7.0%)、研究机构(6.1%),以及期刊编辑或审稿人(5.3%)等之间存在的潜在COI或COI。【结论】 生物医学期刊论文发表过程中存在多种COI问题,并且表现形式多样。建立并完善COI相关编辑政策,可预防COI相关问题的发生,从而减少发表偏倚。     

Iterative reconstruction algorithms

In this paper a survey of recent results on iterative reconstruction algorithms is given. These results, many of which have not yet appeared elsewhere, are applicable to a very general formulation of the reconstruction problem based on the series expansion approach. A set of optimization criteria and a number of iterative reconstruction algorithms are stated, together with theorems on the convergence of the algorithms to optimum images. The efficacy of the algorithms is compared to that of the convolution method. In particular, the falseness of the claim that ART and the backprojection method are the same is demonstrated.