罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼在剖宫产术后镇痛中的临床效果分析

目的：探讨罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼在剖宫产术后镇痛中的临床疗效。方法方便选取2014年3月—2015年3月该院麻醉科收诊的剖宫产产妇60例,随机法分为观察组及对照组各30例,对照组术后给予罗哌卡因联合吗啡镇痛治疗,观察组术后给予罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼镇痛治疗,记录并分析两组产妇镇痛效果。结果观察组术后2h、8h、12 h、24 hVAS评分分别为(1.98±0.81)分、(2.28±0.78)分、(1.66±0.67)分、(1.17±0.61)分,均低于对照组(3.51±1.07)分、(3.82±1.03)分、(3.24±0.95)分、(2.16±0.55)分,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；观察组术后肌力恢复正常时间和肛门排气时间分别为(7.28±1.16)h、18.49±1.71)h,均低于对照组(15.67±3.59)h、20.84±2.10)h,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；③观察组产妇术后不良反应发生率为6.67%,显著低于对照组26.67%,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；结论罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼在剖宫产术后镇痛中的效果优于罗哌卡因联合吗啡,不良反应低,能有效缓解孕妇术后疼痛。     

左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼或芬太尼在分娩硬膜外自控镇痛的应用

目的探讨左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）用于分娩镇痛的临床效果及安全性。方法随机选择120例美国标准协会（ASA）I-Ⅱ级初产妇，随机分为舒芬太尼组（A组）、芬太尼组（B组）、无镇痛组（C组），每组40例。A组和B组采用PCEA，C组不给予镇痛药物。观察各组不同时段视觉模拟评分（VAS）和不良反应的发生，同时记录3组产程时间、分娩方式、缩宫使用情况、产后出血量、新生儿Apgar评分。结果A、B2组和C组在PCEA20、60min及宫口开全时VAS差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；PCEA5min，A、B2组VAS差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05），2组Bromage评分、不良反应差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。3组产程时间、分娩方式、产后出血量、新生儿Apgar评分比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼或芬太尼用于分娩镇痛安全有效，对母婴无明显不良影响。     

舒芬太尼对心脏瓣膜置换术患者麻醉诱导期血液动力学的影响

目的观察舒芬太尼对心脏瓣膜置换术患者麻醉诱导期血液动力学的影响。方法心脏瓣膜置换手术患者20例,随机分为舒芬太尼组(S组,n=10)和芬太尼组(F组,n=10)。全麻诱导:咪唑安定0.1～0.3mg/kg,维库溴铵0.1～0.2mg/kg。S组使用舒芬太尼1μg/kg,F组使用芬太尼10μg/kg。血液动力学监测:心电Ⅱ导联示波,有创动静脉测压,放置6腔Swan-Ganz导管,采用美国Baxter-2型连续心排血量多功能监测仪,测定心脏指数(CI)和肺毛细血管嵌压(PCWP)。观察心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、心脏指数(CI)和肺毛细血管嵌压(PCWP)。分别于麻醉诱导前(T1)、麻醉诱导后气管插管前(T2)、插管后1分钟(T3)、5分钟(T4)和10分钟(T5)记录观察指标。结果HR、MAP、CVP和PCWP两组变化趋势基本一致。麻醉诱导后及气管插管后部分时间S组HR和MAP低于F组(P<0.05或P<0.01),插管后S组CVP明显高于F组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。麻醉诱导或气管插管后,F组CI明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),S组均无明显变化。观察期间PCWP均无明显变化。结论舒芬太尼可安全的用于心脏瓣膜置换手术。     

舒芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉下体外循环冠脉搭桥术患者双频谱指数与熵指数的关系

目的评价非肌松、深麻醉状态下,双频谱指数(BIS)反映麻醉深度的准确性。方法选择ASAⅢ级的冠脉搭桥术患者59例,麻醉诱导:静脉注射异丙酚2 mg／kg、舒芬太尼1μg／kg、罗库溴铵0．6 mg／kg,术中麻醉维持采用静脉持续输注异丙酚3-4 mg·kg-1·h-1、舒芬太尼1μg·kg-1·h-1。于麻醉诱导前、麻醉诱导开始后1、2、3、4 min、气管插管后即刻、气管插管后1 min、切皮后即刻和劈胸骨后即刻记录BIS、状态熵(SE)和反映熵(RE)。结果与麻醉诱导前相比,麻醉诱导开始后1、2、3、4 min和气管插管后即刻、气管插管后1 min、切皮后即刻及劈胸骨后即刻BIS、SE和RE均下降(P<0．05)。与SE相比,RE在各观察点均升高(P<0．01)。麻醉诱导期间BIS与SE和RE各时间点观察值之间呈明显正相关,r分别为0．898、0．908(P<0．01)。结论在非肌松、深麻醉状态下,BIS对舒芬太尼复合异丙酚静脉麻醉深度的监测不受肌电活动的影响。     

舒芬太尼或芬太尼复合丙泊酚对喉显微手术血流动力学和应激反应的影响

目的 比较芬太尼复合丙泊酚与舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于喉显微手术患者的血流动力学和应激激素变化.方法 200例患者行支撑喉镜下声带手术,患者随机均分为芬太尼复合丙泊酚组(F组)和舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚组(S组).F组、S组分别静脉注射芬太尼3.0μg/kg或舒芬太尼0.3μg/kg、丙泊酚2.0mg/kg、琥珀胆碱1.5mg/kg实施麻醉诱导.记录和测定两组诱导前(T0)、插管即刻(T1)、插管后1min(T2)、置支撑喉镜后1min(T3)及拔管后1min(T6)的SBP、DBP、HR、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)、血糖(Glu)的变化和丙泊酚用量、麻醉恢复情况及不良反应.结果 F组T1、T2、T3时SBP、DBP高于、HR快于T0和S组(P<0.05).F组T1～T3时NE、Cor、Glu分别显著高于T0和S组(P<0.05).术中丙泊酚追加量和总用药量F组显著高于S组(P<0.05),麻醉恢复时间S组稍长于F组,但差异无统计学意义.结论 舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉对血流动力学和应激反应影响小,是喉显微手术中比较理想的麻醉配伍组合.     

舒芬太尼用于手外伤术后静脉镇痛的观察

目的观察舒芬太尼用于手外伤术后静脉镇痛（PCIA）的效果。方法急诊手外伤患者78例,随机分为I组（对照组）、II组（芬太尼组）和Ⅲ组（舒芬太尼组）,每组26例。VAS评分法评估术后镇痛效果,进行术后镇静和恶心呕吐评分。结果与对照组比较,术后各时间点II组和Ⅲ组VAS评分均有显著差异（P〈0.01）,II组在术后4h、24h、48h和Ⅲ组在术后各时间点的镇静评分有显著差异（P〈0.01）,II组在术后8h的镇静评分有显著差异（P〈0.05）;与II组比较,Ⅲ组术后8h和24h的VAS评分显著降低（P〈0.05）,术后4h、12h和48hVAS评分均低于II组但差异无显著性意义,Ⅲ组术后各时间点镇静评分显著增高（P〈0.05）。Ⅲ组术后呕吐发生率明显低于II组,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。结论舒芬太尼用于手外伤PCIA,镇痛确切,安全可靠,恶心呕吐发生率低于芬太尼且镇静作用强于芬太尼。     

硬膜外混合不同浓度舒芬太尼分娩镇痛时罗哌卡因的半数有效浓度

目的测定产妇硬膜外分娩镇痛时不同浓度舒芬太尼混合罗哌卡因的半数有效浓度(EC50),寻找舒芬太尼混合罗哌卡因的适宜浓度。方法100例ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级的足月初产妇,妊娠37～42周,随机分为2组:0.4μg/ml舒芬太尼混合罗哌卡因组(A组)(n=45)和0.6μg/ml舒芬太尼混合罗哌卡因组(B组)(n=55)。2组均在宫口扩张至2～3 cm时行硬膜外穿刺,置管。2组第1例产妇罗哌卡因浓度均为0.12%,随后的罗哌卡因浓度按序贯法确定:即前1例若镇痛有效(注药后30 min时VAS评分≤3分)。则下1例接受的药物降低一个浓度梯度,若镇痛无效,则上升一个浓度梯度,浓度梯度0.01%。若镇痛效果可疑,则下1例接受的药物维持原浓度,计算罗哌卡因的EC50及其95%可信区间。观察镇痛期间发生的不良反应。结果A组、B组皮肤瘙痒发生率分别为11.9%、29.4%(P< 0.05),A组、B组各有1例发生恶心呕吐(P>0.05)。A组罗哌卡因的EC50为0.059%(95%可信区间为0.056%～0.062%),B组罗哌卡因的EC50为0.054%(95%可信区间为0.053%～0.055%)。结论硬膜外混合0.4、0.6μg/ml舒芬太尼分娩镇痛时,罗哌卡因的EC50分别为0.059%、0.054%;舒芬太尼的推荐浓度为0.4μg/ml。     

Analgesic efficacy of sufentanil in dressings after surgical treatment of burn wounds

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the analgesic efficacy of sufentanil in dressings after surgical treatment of burn wounds.Patients and methodsTwenty adult patients, who underwent surgical treatment of third–degree burn wounds under general anesthesia, were included. Two of the patients underwent surgery twice. During surgery, patients received 50–100 μg fentanyl every 20–30 min and, after surgery, patients received 100 mg ketoprofen twice daily. Additionally, ten patients (group 1) received 50 μg sufentanil added to the burn wound dressings soaked in octenidine and phenoxyethanol while 10 patients (group 2) received 25 μg sufentanil added to the same dressings. The rescue analgesic, which was administered when pain intensified, was 5 mg subcutaneous morphine. Plasma sufentanil concentrations were assayed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 h after surgery completion and when pain was reported, along with pain intensity evaluation.ResultsSufentanil was not detected in the serum of any patients. Rescue morphine was given during the postoperative period (24 h) in one patient in group 1 (who underwent surgery twice) and three patients in group 2. The mean sufentanil concentration in dressings was higher in group 1 (0.13 ± 0.03) than group 2 (0.06 ± 0.03 μg/mL; p < 0.001). The group 1 patient who received rescue morphine had a sufentanil concentration of 0.10 μg/mL, which was the lowest concentration in group 1. Group 2 patients who received rescue morphine had sufentanil concentrations of at least two–fold lower (0.03–0.05 μg/mL). No adverse effects were observed.ConclusionsSufentanil in dressings after burn wound surgery provides effective and safe analgesia and the sufentanil concentration in dressings should be ≥0.10 μg/mL in a solution of octenidine and phenoxyethanol.     

腹腔注射舒芬太尼对SD大鼠气道反应性的影响

目的观察腹腔注射舒芬太尼对SD大鼠气道反应性的影响。方法将32只雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为4组,正常对照为A组(n=8,腹腔注射生理盐水,3 ml);实验组,B1组(n=8,腹腔注射舒芬太尼60μg/kg,3 ml)、B2组(n=8,腹腔注射舒芬太尼90μg/kg,3 ml)和B3组(n=8,腹腔注射舒芬太尼120μg/kg,3 ml)。第1天对4组大鼠进行气道阻力和气道反应性应用非侵入性气道阻力仪测定并作为参考基线。第15天按照分组要求对4组大鼠进行腹腔注射干预措施,测定腹腔注射后1、2、3、5、10 min气道阻力(specific airway resistances,Raw)(cmH2O·s),第30天按照分组要求对4组大鼠进行腹腔注射干预措施,3 min后进行气道反应性测定。采用t检验和Fisher确切概率法对实验数据进行分析。结果实验第1天,与对照组A组比较,B1组、B2组、B3组大鼠腹腔注射前基线气道阻力(3.27±0.74比3.35±0.65、3.30±0.81比3.35±0.65、3.41±0.68比3.35±0.65)差异无统计学意义(t=0.230,P>0.05、t=0.136,P>0.05、t=0.180,P>0.05);实验第15天,与对照组A组干预后1、2、3、5、10 min的气道阻力比较,B1组在1、2 min气道阻力(4.15±1.27比3.95±0.89、4.74±1.05比3.78±0.85)差异无统计学意义(t=0.365,P>0.05、t=2.010,P>0.05),在3、5 min气道阻力(4.92±1.33比3.55±0.69、4.89±1.43比3.47±0.71)差异有统计学意义(t=2.586,P<0.05、t=2.516,P<0.05),在10 min气道阻力(3.86±1.28比3.41±0.69)差异无统计学意义(t=0.875,P>0.05);B2组在1 min气道阻力(4.77±1.15比3.95±0.89)差异无统计学意义(t=1.595,P>0.05),在2、3、5 min气道阻力(6.01±1.47比3.78±0.85、6.95±1.68比3.55±0.69、5.75±1.52比3.47±0.71)差异有统计学意义(t=3.715,P<0.05、t=5.295,P<0.05、t=3.844,P<0.05),在10 min气道阻力(3.95±1.18比3.41±0.69)差异无统计学意义(t=1.117,P>0.05);B3组在1、2、3、5 min气道阻力(5.14±1.25比3.95±0.89、7.91±1.35比3.78±0.85、8.15±1.48比3.55±0.69、7.69±1.23比3.47±0.71)差异有统计学意义(t=2.194,P<0.05、t=7.322,P<0.05、t=7.968,P<0.05、t=8.404,P<0.05),在10 min气道阻力(4.16±1.08比3.41±0.69)差异无统计学意义(t=1.655,P>0.05);实验第30天,4组大鼠腹腔注射后气道反应性阳性率为,与对照组A组(0%)比较,B1组37.5%差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)、B2组75%差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)和B3组87.5%差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔注射舒芬太尼对大鼠呼吸系统的影响表现在气道阻力增加和气道反应性增高,并呈剂量依赖性。但这种变化在短时间内逐渐增加并达到高峰后,进而逐渐减弱。     

Calcium channel modulation by dihydropyridines modifies sufentanil-induced antinociception in acute and tolerant conditions

Summary The study was aimed at elucidating the possible participation of l-type Ca²⁺ channel in the acute analgesic effect of an opiate and the development of tolerance to this action. Sufentanil, a selective p agonist, and two dihydropyridines, the Ca²⁺ antagonist nimodipine and the Ca²⁺ agonist Bay K 8644, were selected. The tail-flick test was used to assess the nociceptive threshold. In naive rats, nimodipine (200 g/kg) potentiated the analgesic effect of sufentanil reducing the ED₅₀ from 0.26 to 0.08 g/kg. Similar results were observed with its (–)-enantiomer Bay N 5248, while the (+) enantiomer Bay N 5247 was ineffective. Tolerance to the opiate was induced by chronic subcutaneous administration of sufentanil with minipumps (2 g/h, 7 days). In these conditions the dose-response curve to sufentanil was displaced to the right and the ED₅₀ was increased to 1.49 g/kg. In tolerant rats, nimodipine preserved its potentiating ability and prevented the displacement to the right of the sufentanil dose response-curve (ED₅₀ = 0.48 g/kg). When nimodipine was pumped (1 g/h, 7 days) concurrently with sufentanil, the development of tolerance to the opioid was not disturbed. However, the expression of tolerance was abolished and even the effect of acutely administered sufentanil was markedly potentiated (ED₅₀ = 0.03 g/kg). Similar experiments were performed with Bay K 8644. In naive rats, Bay K 8644 at a low dose (20 g/kg) that behaves as a calcium agonist, antagonized the analgesic effect of sufentanil (ED₅₀ = 0.58 g/kg), whereas at a high dose (200 g/kg) it potentiated this action (ED₅₀ = 0.15 g/kg). In tolerant rats, Bay K 8644 (20 g/kg) preserved its antagonizing ability inducing a displacement to the right of the sufentanildose-response curve (ED₅₀ = 4.2 g/kg). When Bay K 8644 was pumped (1 g/h, 7 days) concurrently with sufentanil, it enhanced the expression of tolerance to the opiate (ED₅₀ = 3.8 g/kg). These results suggest that the calcium fluxes through the l-type channel in neurones are functionally linked to the activation of the opiate receptor: the blockade of the channel increased the potency of sufentanil, whereas its activation reduced the potency of the opiate. In chronic experiments, DHPs concurrently administered with sufentanil did not affect the development of tolerance to the opiate. However, nimodipine prevented the expression of this phenomenon. Even more, the animals became hypersensitive to the opiate suggesting that the adaptative mechanisms induced by chronic opiate could be affected by chronic nimodipine.This work was supported by grants from Universidad de Cantabria-Caja Cantabria (1988) and Bayer AG, Wuppertal, FRGPredoctoral Fellow: Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Seguridad Social.Send offprint requests to: M. A. Hurlé at the above address