DHS治疗股骨转子部骨折的临床应用体会

随着社会人口老龄化,股骨转子部骨折的发生率不断增高。虽然股骨转子部血运丰富,骨折容易愈合;但是如果处理不当,仍然可能预后功能不良。笔者回顾了我科自2001年8月至2004年5月期间应用动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定治疗89例股骨转子部骨折,报道如下。临床资料本组89例,男33例,女56例;     

Comparison of the Effect of Rhombic and Inverted Triangle Configurations of Cannulated Screws on Internal Fixation of Nondisplaced Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly Patients

ObjectiveTo investigate whether four‐screw fixation in rhombic configuration could improve the clinical outcomes and decrease the complication rate compared with three‐screw fixation in inverted triangle configuration in elderly patients with nondisplaced femoral neck fractures.MethodFrom January 2018 to January 2019, 91 elderly patients with nondisplaced femoral neck fractures who were treated with a cannulated screw system were reviewed retrospectively. The inverted triangle configuration was applied in 51 patients and rhombic configuration in 40 patients. The demographic and perioperative information of the patients were extracted from medical records and surgical records. Variables including incision size, surgical blood loss, surgical time, fluoroscopy time, hospital stays, fracture union time, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and complications were compared between the two groups. Also, Harris hip score at the final follow‐up was used to evaluate the functional outcomes.ResultsAll patients were followed up from 24 to 36 months, with an average of 29.75 months. The average age of patients was 72.37 ± 7.16 years. No significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to patients'' age, gender, affected side, Garden classification, Pauwels classification and comminution of posterior wall (P > 0.05). We found shorter incision size (P < 0.001), less blood loss (P = 0.020), less surgical time (P = 0.026), and shorter fluoroscopy time (P < 0.001) in inverted triangle configuration group. However, shorter hospital stays (P = 0.001) and fracture union time (P = 0.002) were found in the rhombic configuration group. The VAS scores were lower in the rhombic configuration group at the first (P < 0.001) and third months (P = 0.010), but no significant difference was found at the sixth month (P = 0.075). Meanwhile, the total complication rate was relatively lower in the rhombic configuration group compared to the inverted triangle configuration group (P = 0.041). Harris hip score presented no significant difference between the two groups at final follow‐up (P = 0.078). No wound infection or cortical perforation occurred in either group.ConclusionFour‐screw fixation in rhombic configuration was superior to three‐screw fixation in inverted triangle configuration in the treatment of nondisplaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients in terms of less early postsurgical pain, shorter fracture union time, and lower complication rate.     

骶骨骨折后路横置钢板固定的影像解剖学研究

目的研究后路横置钢板固定骶骨骨折的可行性。方法临床采集60例成人正常骨盆CT数据(男30例,女30例),导入Mimics14.1行三维重建,用MedCAD模拟置钉,观测螺钉位置及毗邻,确定S1～4进钉点。测量钉道长度及其与水平面、冠状面及矢状面的夹角。解剖30侧成人尸体标本,观察进钉点毗邻。2具成人骨盆标本模拟置钉,经X线验证试验结果。结果男性内侧钉道长度S1为(32.78±2.10)mm、S2为(28.54±2.67)mm、S3为(18.54±1.86)mm、S4为(12.58±1.18)mm;女性内侧钉道长度S1为(31.18±2.52)mm、S2为(26.00±2.49)mm、S3为(16.79±2.09)mm、S4为(11.19±1.53)mm;男性外侧钉道长度S1为(35.78±1.88)mm、S2为(29.99±2.48)mm、S3为(22.53±2.21)mm、S4为(13.62±1.58)mm;女性外侧钉道长度S1为(33.03±2.23)mm、S2为(29.34±3.87)mm、S3为(21.00±2.12)mm、S4为(12.72±1.83)mm;验证结果满意。结论后路横置钢板可固定骶骨纵形或斜行骨折,从形态学上具有可行性。     

聚乳酸螺钉对骨折愈合影响的实验研究

本实验旨在研究一种自制PDLLA螺钉对骨折愈合的影响。用自制粘均分子量达 43× 10 4 的PDLLA螺钉内固定治疗 8只犬股骨外髁骨折 ,并以金属螺钉固定为对照。动物术后 2、4、8、12周处死 ,观察骨组织愈合影响的光镜和扫描电镜表现。光镜示两组骨折 2周时形成大量纤维性骨痂 ,12周时都已顺利愈合 ,实验组成骨过程明显较对照组缓慢 ,但成骨活动正常。扫描电镜示两组胶原纤维都排列规则 ,12周时顺利钙化成骨 ,实验组 12周时见大小不等 ,高电子密度颗粒。因而临床上应当适用于血供丰富部位骨折。     

PFN 、DHS 、ALP 治疗股骨转子间骨折的疗效观察

【目的】探讨股骨近端髓内钉（PFN）、动力髋螺钉（DHS）及解剖锁定钢板（ALP）治疗股骨转子间骨折患者的临床疗效。【方法】回顾性分析138例股骨转子间骨折患者临床资料,根据其内固定器械使用情况分成PFN组（A组,n ＝50）、DHS组（B组,n ＝42）和ALP组（C组,n ＝46）三组。比对三组患者手术历时、术中失血量、切口直径、骨折愈合时间、患肢负重时间、总住院时间、尖顶距（T AD ）值等治疗指标。随访12个月,记录两组患者术前、术后3个月及术后12个月髋关节功能评分（Harris）并比较。【结果】三组患者 TAD值比较差异无统计学意义（ P ＞00．5）;A组患者手术历时、术中失血量、切口直径、骨折愈合时间、患肢负重时间及总住院时间均显著低于B、C组患者,差异具有统计学意义（ P ＜00．5）;B组患者切口直径、骨折愈合时间及总住院时间与C组患者比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞00．5）,而手术历时、术中失血量、患肢负重时间均显著高于C组患者,差异具有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。术前及术后12个月时,三组患者 Harris评分及Harris优良率比较差异均无统计学意义（ P ＞00．5）;术后3个月时,A组患者Harris评分及Harris优良率均明显高于B组患者及C组患者,其差异有统计学意义（P ＜00．5）。A组手术并发症发生率为100．％（5／50）, B组为95．％（4／42）,C组为109．％（5／46）,三组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P ＞00．5）;三组患者术后均无骨折不愈合、内固定断裂、髋内翻及深静脉血栓等并发症发生。【结论】相对DHS和 ALP而言,PFN具有手术历时短、切口小、术中出血量少、恢复期短、并发症发生风险低、预后理想等优势,是治疗股骨转子间骨折的理想治疗方案,值得临床推广。     

A technique for frameless stereotaxy and placement of transarticular screws for atlanto-axial instability in rheumatoid arthritis

The aim of the present study was to outline a new surgical technique and describe how, in a clinical setting, computer-generated image-guidance can assist in the planning and accurate placement of transarticular C1/C2 screws inserted using a minimally invasive exposure. Forty-six patients with atlanto-axial instability due to rheumatoid arthritis underwent posterior stabilisation with transarticular screws. This was achieved with a minimal posterior exposure limited to C1 and C2 and percutaneous screw insertions via minor stab incisions. The Stealth Station (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, Tenn., USA) was used for image guidance to navigate safely through C2. Reconstructed computed tomographic (CT) scans of the atlanto-axial complex were used for image guidance. It was possible to perform preoperative planning of the screw trajectory taking into account the position of the intraosseous portion of the vertebral arteries, the size of the pars interarticularis and the quality of bone in C2. Screws could be inserted percutaneously over K-wires using a drill guide linked to the image-guidance system. Preoperative planning was performed in all 46 patients and accurate registration allowed proposed screw trajectories to be identified. Thirty-eight patients had bilateral screws inserted and eight had a unilateral screw. A total of 84 screws were inserted using the Stealth Station. There were no neurovascular injuries. This technique for placing transarticular screws is accurate and safe. It allows a minimally invasive approach to be followed. Image guidance is a useful adjunct for the surgeon undertaking complex spinal procedures.     

The contralateral lamina: a reliable guide in subaxial,cervical pedicle screw placement

We have assessed the clinical observation that the angle of the contralateral lamina matches the angle required from the sagital plane for the placement of pedicle screws in the subaxial cervical spine. Fifty-four randomly chosen axial CT scans taken between December 2003 and December 2004 were examined. Subjects were excluded if the scan showed signs of fracture, tumour or gross abnormality. The digitised images were analysed on the Philips PACS system using SECTRA software. One hundred and sixty-eight individual vertebrae were assessed between C3 and C7. The following were measured; the angle of the pedicle relative to the sagital plane, the smallest internal and external diameter of the pedicles and the angle of the lamina. Angular measures had a CV% of 3.9%. The re-measurement error for distance was 0.5 mm. Three hundred and thirty-six pedicles were assessed in 25 females and 29 males. Average age was 48.2 years (range 17–85). Our morphologic data from live subjects was comparable to previous cadaveric data. Mean pedicle external diameter was 4.9 mm at C3 and 6.6 mm at C7. Females were marginally smaller than males. Left and right did not significantly differ. In no case was the pedicle narrower than 3.2 mm. Mean pedicle angle was 130° at C3 and 140° at C7. The contralateral laminar angle correlated well at C3, 4, 5 (R ² = 0.9, C3 P = 0.002, C4 P = 0.06, C5 P = 0.0004) and was within 1° of pedicle angle. At C6, 7 it was within 11°. In all cases a line parallel to the lamina provided a safe corridor of 3 mm for a pedicle implant. The contralateral lamina provides a reliable intraoperative guide to the angle from the sagital plane for subaxial cervical pedicle instrumentation in adults.     

Biomechanical evaluation of sacroiliac joint fixation with decortication

Background Context

Fusion typically consists of joint preparation, grafting, and rigid fixation. Fusion has been successfully used to treat symptomatic disruptions of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) and degenerative sacroiliitis using purpose-specific, threaded implants. The biomechanical performance of these systems is important but has not been studied.

Evaluation of different shape-memory staple configurations against crossed screws for first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis: A biomechanical study

Background

The first metatarsophalangeal joint may be fused in order to treat arthritis or instability. The use of shape-memory staples for fixation is well recognised, but little work has been done into the optimal configuration of staples.