改良关节镜下弹性固定 Latarjet 手术中移植骨块偏外放置对肩关节退变影响的影像学研究

目的探讨改良关节镜下弹性固定 Latarjet 手术治疗伴有明显肩胛盂前缘骨缺损的肩关节复发性前脱位时，移植骨块偏外放置在术后中期对肩关节退变的影响。方法回顾分析 2015 年 1 月—2016 年 11 月收治且符合选择标准的 18 例肩关节复发性前脱位伴肩胛盂前缘骨缺损患者临床资料，均接受改良关节镜下弹性固定 Latarjet 手术。男 12 例，女 6 例；年龄 19～37 岁，平均 26.2 岁。肩关节脱位 4～30 次，平均 8.8 次。病程 8～49 个月，平均 23.8 个月。肩胛盂前缘骨缺损为 20%～29%，平均 25.2%。肩关节不稳定严重指数评分（ISIS）为 7～10 分，平均 7.6 分。肩关节退变 Samilson-Prieto 分级：0 级 13 例，Ⅰ级 3 例，Ⅱ级 2 例。手术前后采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、美国肩肘外科协会评分（ASES）、Walch-Duplay 评分、Rowe 评分和肩关节活动度评价临床疗效。影像学观察肩关节退变情况以及移植骨块位置、肩胛盂塑形情况。结果术后患者均获随访，随访时间 55～62 个月，平均 59.6 个月。无血管神经损伤、感染、固定物和移植骨块相关并发症发生，随访期间无肩关节脱位复发和翻修患者。患者均恢复正常生活，17 例重返运动。末次随访时，VAS 评分较术前明显降低，ASES 评分、Walch-Duplay 评分、Rowe 评分明显提高，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；肩关节前屈、外展、外展 90° 外旋、0° 外旋和外展 90° 内旋活动度与术前比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后即刻三维 CT 显示所有移植骨块中心在肩胛盂 En-face 面上位于 3∶30～4∶30（右肩）或 7∶40～8∶20（左肩）位置，无移植骨块过高或过低；在 CT 横断面上相对于肩胛盂偏外 2.3～4.6 mm，平均 3.5 mm。患者术后 36、48 个月及末次随访时的肩关节退变 Samilson-Prieto 分级与术前一致，均未进展。所有移植骨块在术后 24 个月内塑形达稳定，在三维 CT 肩胛盂 En-face 面显示塑形后的肩胛盂外形为与正常肩胛盂相近的正梨形，在 CT 横断面上为与肩胛盂齐平并形成与肱骨头圆形近似的弧形。末次随访时肩胛盂外形与术后 24 个月比较无明显变化。 结论改良关节镜下弹性固定 Latarjet 手术中移植骨块偏外放置，术后中期未出现肩关节退变进展的影像学改变。     

切开与关节镜下Latarjet手术治疗肩关节前向不稳临床疗效的Meta分析

目的:通过Meta分析比较切开与关节镜下Latarjet手术治疗肩关节前向不稳的临床疗效差异。方法 :计算机检索PubMed、Medline、Embase、Cochrane、中国知网、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库和维普数据库,以查找关于切开和关节镜下Latarjet手术治疗肩关节前向不稳的回顾性或前瞻性队列研究或随机对照试验。选择二分类变量,如术后复发率、术中及术后并发症发生率;以及连续型变量,如肩关节外旋活动度,Walch-Duplay评分,Rowe评分,西安大略肩关节不稳指数(Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index,WOSI)评分,术后视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),术后患者焦虑程度,手术时间和螺钉置入角度等结局指标进行分析。采用NOS偏倚风险评估标准(Cochrane协作网推荐)评价回顾性或前瞻性队列研究的文献质量,随机对照试验的质量评价采用改良Jadad量表。由2人独立进行文献筛选、文献质量评价及数据提取。使用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:(1)共纳入9篇文献,其中8篇回顾性队列研究和1篇前瞻性队列研究,研究证据级别较低,共纳入956例患者,其中切开Latarjet手术436例,关节镜下Latarjet手术520例。(2)Meta分析结果显示,切开组术后肩关节WOSI评分优于关节镜下组(MD=93.74,95%CI:26.00~161.49,P=0.007),且螺钉置入角度明显小于关节镜组(MD=-6.44,95%CI:-12.08~0.81,P=0.02)。(3)切开Latarjet手术复发率低于关节镜下Latarjet手术,但二者差异无统计学意义(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.23~3.05,P=0.79)。(4)在肩关节外旋活动度、Walch-Duplay评分、Rowe评分、术后视觉模VAS评分、术后患者焦虑程度和手术时间等方面切开和关节镜下Latarjet手术之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:切开和关节镜下Latarjet手术治疗肩关节前向不稳均能取得良好的临床疗效,且术后复发脱位率及并发症较低。切开和镜下Latarjet均为治疗肩关节前向不稳的可靠手术方式。但镜下手术较切开手术学习曲线长,需要一定量的手术积累,因此临床医生可根据手术技术熟练程度、喜好和患者的情况等因素选择镜下或切开手术。但研究中所纳入的文献皆为队列研究,证据等级不高,缺少随机对照试验,且样本量较小,未来仍需要大样本量、高证据等级的随机对照研究来确定两者之间的疗效差异。     

Open Classic Latarjet Procedure Performed Using Freehand Technique—Surgical Technique and Outcome

IntroductionLatarjet procedure is commonly performed for recurrent anterior shoulder instability with glenoid side bone loss. Classic Latarjet procedure can be performed using specially designed drill guides, jigs, or by freehand technique. Here we have described a technical note on classic Latarjet procedure performed with freehand technique utilizing simple rulers and caliper. The functional and radiological outcomes of our patients have also been analysed.Material and Methods149 open classic Latarjet procedures were performed using our technique between March 2015 and July 2018. The mean age of the patients was 32.95 years (Range 22–59 years). The functional outcome of the patients was measured using Western Ontario Shoulder Instability (WOSI) and Oxford Shoulder Instability Score (OSIS) at 2 years of follow-up. Screw and graft positioning were studied in 24 consecutive patients with a postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan.ResultsThere was no incidence of recurrent subluxation or dislocation post-surgery. Mean OSIS score increased from 15.63 ± 3.20 preoperatively to 42.44 ± 3.88 postoperatively (p value < 0.05). WOSI score decreased significantly from 62.54% ± 8.24 to 10.26 ± 6.33 postoperatively at 2-year follow-up (p value < 0.05). Postoperative CT scan also showed satisfactory screw placement in all patients.ConclusionOpen Latarjet procedure performed using freehand technique provides good functional and radiological outcomes in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability with glenoid side bone loss.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-021-00385-7.     

One step arthroscopically assisted Latarjet and posterior bone-block,for recurrent posterior instability and anterior traumatic dislocation

This case presents the challenges of the surgical management for a patient with a history of recurrent posterior shoulder instability and subsequently traumatic anterior dislocation. The patient was already on the waiting list for an arthroscopic posterior stabilization with anchors, when a car accident caused an additional anterior shoulder dislocation. This traumatic anterior dislocation created a bone loss with a glenoid fracture and aggravated the preexisting posterior instability. In order to address both problems, we decided to perform an arthroscopically assisted Latarjet procedure for anterior instability and to stabilize with a bone graft for posterior instability. To our best knowledge, this type of surgical procedure has so far never been reported in the literature. The purpose of this report is to present the surgical technique and to outline the decision making process.     

Complications of the Latarjet procedure

The Latarjet procedure is an operation performed either arthroscopically or open for recurrent anterior shoulder instability, in the setting of glenoid bone loss; with good to excellent functional results. Despite excellent clinical results, the complication rates are reported between 15 and 30 %. Intraoperative complications such as graft malpositioning, neurovascular injury, and graft fracture can all be mitigated with meticulous surgical technique and understanding of the local anatomy. Nonunion and screw breakage are intermediate-term complications that occur in less than 5 % of patients. The long-term complications such as graft osteolysis are still an unsolved problem, and future research is required to understand the etiology and best treatment option. Recurrent instability after the Latarjet procedure can be managed with iliac crest bone graft reconstruction of the anterior glenoid. Shoulder arthritis is another complication reported after the Latarjet procedure, which poses additional challenges to both the surgeon and patient.