Eye Movements and Visually Active Dreams

There are a number of reports suggesting an association between profusion of eye movements and active dreaming. It has however been suggested that this relationship might only be evident in comparisons across the night and would not be evident in comparisons within one REM period. Data from 20 subjects taking placebo, amylobarbitone, and nitrazepam were used to test this. Dream reports were collected from REM awakenings and rated blind as visually active or passive. Eye movement profusion (number of 2 sec epochs) was assessed for each REM period. Correlation between dream content and eye movement was low but significant in comparisons including the whole night, and including data from drug, withdrawal, and placebo conditions. A significant correlation was not consistently obtained, however, when data from each REMP were considered separately. Correlations based on data from non-drug nights only were also small and could have been due to chance effects alone. The low correlations were not explicable solely by poor reliability of content ratings. It is concluded that the relationship between visually active dreaming and eye movement is slight, and may not hold when time of night is adequately controlled.     

妙笔生心花——谈谈《红楼梦》与《呼啸山庄》的梦境式叙事技巧

《红楼梦》与《呼啸山庄》这两部小说中都存在梦境的描写，梦境在两部小说中起着非常大的作用。本文将从文学的叙事角度来对《红楼梦》与《呼啸山庄》梦境式的叙事技巧进行评价。     

精神分裂症患者梦威胁模拟水平与敌意归因偏向及精神症状的关系

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者梦威胁模拟水平与敌意归因偏向及精神症状的关系。方法 选取2017年6月至2019年5月在安徽医科大学附属心理医院精神科住院治疗的精神分裂症患者68例为患者组,另选取本院及周边社区的70例健康志愿者作为对照组。采用梦威胁事件问卷(DTQ)评估患者组和对照组的梦威胁模拟水平,采用中文版模棱两可、目的和敌意问卷(AIHQ-C)评估患者组和对照组的敌意归因偏向,采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估精神分裂症患者的精神症状。结果 患者组DTQ分、AIHQ-C的各项评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示,精神分裂症患者DTQ得分与敌意偏向总分(r=0.529,P＜0.05)、责备偏向总分(r=0.398,P＜0.001)、攻击偏向总分(r=0.442,P＜0.05)及阳性症状分(r=0.395,P＜0.05)呈正相关。敌意偏向总分(r=0.507,P＜0.05)、责备偏向总分(r=0.426,P＜0.05)及攻击偏向总分(r=0.481,P＜0.05)与阳性症状分均呈正相关。精神分裂症患者DTQ总分(r=-0.272,P＜0.05)、敌意偏向总分(r=-0.299,P＜0.05)及责备偏向总分(r=-0.397,P＜0.05)与阴性症状分均呈负相关。回归分析显示,精神分裂症患者的敌意偏向与阳性症状均可以预测梦的威胁模拟水平。结论 精神分裂症患者梦的威胁模拟水平过度激活,敌意归因偏向明显,阳性症状及敌意归因偏向均对梦威胁模拟水平有一定影响。     

Auditory Inhibition of Rapid Eye Movements and Dream Recall from REM Sleep

Study Objectives:

There is debate in dream research as to whether ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves or cortical arousal during sleep underlie the biological mechanisms of dreaming. This study comprised 2 experiments. As eye movements (EMs) are currently considered the best noninvasive indicator of PGO burst activity in humans, the aim of the first experiment was to investigate the effect of low-intensity repeated auditory stimulation on EMs (and inferred PGO burst activity) during REM sleep. It was predicted that such auditory stimuli during REM sleep would have a suppressive effect on EMs. The aim of the second experiment was to examine the effects of this auditory stimulation on subsequent dream reporting on awakening.

Design:

Repeated measures design with counterbalanced order of experimental and control conditions across participants.

Setting:

Sleep laboratory based polysomnography (PSG)

Participants:

Experiment 1: 5 males and 10 females aged 18-35 years (M = 20.8, SD = 5.4). Experiment 2: 7 males and 13 females aged 18-35 years (M = 23.3, SD = 5.5).

Interventions:

Below-waking threshold tone presentations during REM sleep compared to control REM sleep conditions without tone presentations.

Measurements and Results:

PSG records were manually scored for sleep stages, EEG arousals, and EMs. Auditory stimulation during REM sleep was related to: (a) an increase in EEG arousal, (b) a decrease in the amplitude and frequency of EMs, and (c) a decrease in the frequency of visual imagery reports on awakening.

Conclusions:

The results of this study provide phenomenological support for PGO-based theories of dream reporting on awakening from sleep in humans.

Citation:

Stuart K; Conduit R. Auditory inhibition of rapid eye movements and dream recall from REM sleep. SLEEP 2009;32(3):399–408.     

应用"外科创新小课题"培养医学生创新精神和外科实践操作能力

介绍了充分利用"外科梦工场"这个外科实验教学平台,以"外科创新小课题"着力培养医学生创新思维能力和动手能力并取得初步效果的经验与实践.     

丙泊酚麻醉胃镜检查期间患者梦境情况观察

目的 探讨丙泊酚麻醉下接受胃镜检查的健康患者麻醉恢复过程中做梦的发生率及其对麻醉恢复过程中患者满意度的影响. 方法 189例美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级接受丙泊酚麻醉下的胃镜检查,接常规监测后设定血药浓度为3 mg/L～5 mg/L开始麻醉进行胃镜检查.胃镜检查完成后停药观察麻醉恢复过程,麻醉苏醒,意识定向力恢复后询问患者是否做梦,请患者做出麻醉满意度的视觉模拟(visual simulation grading,VAS)评分,2h患者完全清醒后再次进行同样询问和评分. 结果 所有患者成功顺利接受了麻醉下胃镜检查,接受检查丙泊酚平均靶控浓度在4.5 mg/L.119例患者麻醉后访视后证明做梦(63％),做梦患者年龄(46±13)岁显著低于未做梦患者(50±11)岁(P＜0.05).8例患者在麻醉恢复中出现梦呓现象,15例患者在麻醉恢复后意识正常,但出现短时间精神亢奋现象.除1例患者外,所有患者对麻醉过程满意,做梦患者满意度VAS评分为81 (74～90),未作梦患者的VAS评分为84(72～91),两组比较差异无统计学意义. 结论 丙泊酚麻醉行胃镜检查时患者做梦发生率高,可能和患者恢复过程中出现的精神亢奋相关,年轻患者中做梦发生率更高,做梦并不会明显影响患者对麻醉及胃镜检查过程的满意度.     

REM-dreams recall in patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy

An abundant recall of dreams has been observed in clinical studies on patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy (NC), a neurological disorder characterized by an altered sleep architecture. Laboratory studies have shown that dream experiences developed during 1st-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by NC patients are longer and more complex than those of healthy subjects. To establish whether these features indicate an earlier optimal functioning of the cognitive processes involved in dream generation rather than a more accurate dream recall, we compared the indicators of length and structural organization in reports of REM-dreams collected from 14 NC patients and their matched controls. During an experimental night two awakenings were provoked after 8 min in 1st- and 3rd-REM sleep; participants were asked to report their dream experience (spontaneous report) and then, if possible, further remembered parts of this experience (prompted report). All reports were analyzed using story-grammar rules, which allow us to identify units larger than single contents and describe their story-like organization. While dream recall (about 90%) was comparable in NC patients and controls, 1st-REM spontaneous reports were longer and more complex in NC patients, half of whom also provided prompted reports. After 3rd-REM awakening more than one third of NC patients and controls gave prompted reports, which were fairly comparable in length and complexity with the spontaneous reports. These findings confirm that the cognitive processes underlying dream generation reach their optimal functioning earlier in the night in NC patients than in normal subjects, and raises the question of whether the dream-stories described in spontaneous and prompted reports are part of the same or distinct REM-dreams.     

论妙玉情恋及其悲剧结局

妙玉以靠前的排序进入“金陵十二钗”,证明她与宝玉有特殊的情缘纠葛。小说既以妙玉隐微而主动的姿态介入宝玉的情恋世界,亦以宝玉特殊而积极的态度回应妙玉的感情波澜,从而渲染了这一本属无奈亦且注定无果的情恋悲剧。小说塑造了诗化的又迥异于宝钗黛玉湘云的女尼形象;而注定于她的悲剧结局让读者看到了撕毁了的美!     

大学生完美主义与梦的关系研究

目的 探讨大学生完美主义与梦的关系.方法 采用自编完美主义量表与内容分析技术对525名大学生进行研究.结果 在梦的内容的正性情绪和异性上都存在显著的性别差异(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),完美主义的完美期待和高标准因子对梦的内容有着非常显著的预测(R2=0.24,P＜0.01).结论 大学生的完美主义与梦存在密切关系.     

Quand la transformation s’annonce : les rêves initiatiques

Objectives

The clinic in general and the transcultural consultation in particular are constantly faced with new challenges in the relationship between intrapsychic and intersubjective dimensions. This implies continuous innovation in treatment, especially for migrant patients. We consider migrant patients afflicted by an impossible initiation represent a paradigmatic example of the above-mentioned issues. They are stuck in a hopeless paradox: there are unable to return to their country of origin and lack of initiatory rituals with symbolic efficiency in the host society.