骨水泥与生物型股骨假体治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效比较

目的:研究比较骨水泥型与生物型股骨假体治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折的早期固定效果和患者死亡率,探讨人工髋关节置换术中有关假体选择的问题。方法:2012年1月至2014年12月,采用人工髋关节置换术治疗130例(130髋)老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折患者。根据假体固定类型分两组:骨水泥组72例,男26例,女46例,平均年龄(82.0±6.5)岁,GardenⅢ型32例,Ⅳ型40例,受伤至手术时间(5.5±3.3)d;生物型组58例,男19例,女39例,平均年龄(80.1±6.7)岁,GardenⅢ型21例,Ⅳ型37例,受伤至手术时间(5.4±2.1)d。所有患者出现患侧髋部肿胀、压痛、下肢轴向叩击痛及关节活动障碍。入院后进行ASA等级评价、心功能评估、手术治疗以及有效的术后随访。观察比较两组手术持续时间、术中出血量、住院时间、并发症发生率、死亡率、残余疼痛(VAS评分)和髋关节功能(Harris评分)。结果:生物型组比骨水泥组手术持续时间短、术中出血量少(P0.05)。围手术期骨水泥组2例(2.7%)患者死亡,而生物型组无患者死亡。128例患者术后均获得随访,随访时间平均22个月。骨水泥组随访期间比生物型组的并发症发生率和VAS评分低(P0.05),Harris评分高(P0.05);两组患者随访期间死亡率没有明显差异(P0.05)。结论:采用骨水泥型假体治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折的早期固定效果比生物型假体较好。术前ASA等级高或心肺功能较差的患者,可酌情选择生物型假体以降低围手术期患者死亡率。     

PMMA cementoplasty in symptomatic metastatic lesions of the S1 vertebral body

We describe a lateral transiliac direct puncture approach to the S1 vertebral body for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cementoplasty of painful metastatic lesions. This approach was performed using a 15-cm-long trocar needle with 3-mm outer diameter, introduced under general anesthesia and fluoroscopic control. A lateral projection was used to center the needle just in front of the spinal canal and subjacent to the superior plate of the S1 vertebral body. Needle progression was controlled using anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopic projections alternately with a needle course parallel to an axial plane, avoiding conflict with the S1 foramen. After needle tip placement in the center of the S1 vertebral body, diluted PMMA with a setting time of 8 min was delivered. Ipsilateral lesions of the lateral sacral compartment were filled with the same needle by stepwise withdrawal and continuous PMMA injection.     

椎体成形术中椎管内骨水泥渗漏对临床疗效的影响

目的探讨椎体成形术中椎管内骨水泥渗漏对临床疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析2009年10月至2011年12月柳州市工人医院收治的260例（337椎）骨质疏松性压缩骨折（OVCF）患者的临床资料,采用经皮穿刺椎体成形术（PVP,238例）或经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体成形术（PKP,22例）治疗。术后通过X线片和CT检查评估骨水泥渗漏情况,对符合评价标准椎管内骨水泥渗漏占椎管面积百分比等指标进行计算。同时采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）和Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）进行疗效评估,并观察脊髓神经损伤情况。结果 X线片和CT检查显示椎管内渗漏分别为48例（56椎）和84例（93椎）。符合评价标准的椎管内骨水泥渗漏者37例（44椎）,其中T1～T10段和T11～L1段骨水泥渗漏占椎管面积平均百分比分别为（30.8±1.5）%和（28.2±1.1）%。260例（337椎）患者手术前后VAS和ODI比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;37例（44椎）椎管内骨水泥渗漏者术后VAS、ODI与其他患者比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,其中3例（5椎）出现神经根性灼痛、麻木症状,其他均表现为阴性症状。结论椎体成形术中椎管内骨水泥渗漏率较高,但对手术疗效并无明显影响。加强监控、严格掌握手术适应证及良好的手术技巧可减少椎管内骨水泥渗漏的发生。     

Biomechanical behavior of MRI-signal-inducing bone cements after vertebroplasty in osteoporotic vertebral bodies: An experimental cadaver study

Background

Conventional water-free polymethylmethacrylate cements are not MRI visible due to the lack of free protons. A new MRI-visible bone cement was developed through the addition of a contrast agent and either a saline solution or a hydroxyapatite (Wichlas et al., 2010). The purposes of the study were to examine the influence of the two MRI-signal-inducing cements on the biomechanical behavior of cadaveric osteoporotic vertebral bodies after vertebroplasty and to compare the performance of the cements with conventional polymethylmethacrylate cement.

Methods

Three different cements were used: standard polymethylmethacrylate cement and two modified MRI-signal-inducing cements that were mixed with either a 0.9% saline solution or a hydroxyapatite. The modulus of elasticity for the standard polymethylmethacrylate cement was 2040 MPa, and the moduli for the MRI-signal-inducing cements that were mixed with a 0.9% saline solution and a hydroxyapatite were 1477 and 1225 MPa, respectively. The lumbar vertebral bodies from nine osteoporotic spines (mean age = 87 years, range = 78–99 years) of female cadavers were examined. Three groups were formed: polymethylmethacrylate cement with saline solution (n = 14), polymethylmethacrylate cement with hydroxyapatite (n = 12) and polymethylmethacrylate cement (n = 13). The vertebral bodies were biomechanically tested before and after vertebroplasty. Stiffness was chosen as the primary biomechanical parameter.

Findings

The vertebral body stiffness was nearly two-fold greater after vertebroplasty, and this increase was statistically significant for every group. All the groups had similar vertebral body stiffness value before and after the vertebroplasty. The UNIANOVA test for multivariate analysis of variance showed no influence of lumbar level, injected cement volume and initial vertebral body stiffness.

Interpretation

The elastic moduli of the cements appear to exert little influence on the biomechanical values when the cement is in the vertebral body. Based on the direct comparison with the classic polymethylmethacrylate cement, we believe that the implementation of such cements for MRI-guided vertebroplasties is feasible.     

遥控推注机器臂辅助下椎体成形术对避免术者放射线暴露的临床评价

目的：引入一种新型的可远程操作的骨水泥推注机器臂,初步评价在其辅助下的椎体成形术治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床应用价值。方法对2012年7至2013年6月,我科收治的20例脊柱转移瘤患者的30个病变椎体行椎体成形术,其中手动组10例（16个椎体）,行传统椎体成形术;机器臂推注（RCIM）组10例（14个椎体）,在可遥控操作的骨水泥推注机器臂辅助下完成。RCIM组整个骨水泥推注过程中,通过术中X线透视全程监控,术者远离手术野,在屏蔽保护下完成遥控操作,从而免受放射线照射。手术前后采用视觉模拟评分（visualanaloguescale,VAS）评价所有患者疼痛程度,同时利用放射线测量仪测量患者和术者放射线暴露剂量。结果手动组术前、术后VAS评分分别为8.3±1.0和4.6±0.9,改善明显,差异有统计学意义（P＝0.000）;RCIM组术前、术后VAS评分分别为7.6±1.1和4.1±0.8,改善明显,差异有统计学意义（P＝0.000）。术前、术后VAS评分,组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。手动组和RCIM组患者放射线暴露剂量分别为（32.4±12.1）uSv和（35.1±11.7）uSv,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;而两组术者在术中的放射线暴露剂量分别为（28.9±15.2）uSv和（0.29±0.014）uSv,手动组放射线暴露量显著高于RCIM组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论与传统椎体成形术的操作不同,机器臂辅助下的椎体成形术使术者在进行骨水泥推注时,完全免受放射线的伤害;与此同时,通过术中X线透视全程监控,理论上亦相对增加了骨水泥推注过程的安全性。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术骨水泥分布形态与骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折早期预后的关系研究

目的 探究骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)术后骨水泥的分布形态对病人早期预后的影响.方法 选取2013年5月至2018年6月在北京市平谷区医院就诊的109例OVCF作为研究对象,根据椎体内骨水泥是否发生偏侧分为中位组68例,偏侧组41例.对比两组术前的临床资料;统计病人术后恢复情况;对比两组术后不同时期的手术效果指标及术后骨水泥渗漏率、再次骨折发生率;logistic回归分析影响病人预后的因素.结果 两组年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、术前视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、后凸Cobb角、骨折椎体的前后缘高度比(AH/PH)及骨密度比较,均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);所有病人术后1周及末次随访时VAS评分、ODI、后凸Cobb角及手术椎体高度均较术前有明显改善(P<0.05);两组术后3月VAS评分、ODI、后凸Cobb角及AH/PH比较,均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后12月中位组ODI[(24.09±4.26)％比(26.96±3.92)％]、后凸Cobb角[(19.57±4.01)°比(21.65±3.76)°]改善均优于偏侧组(P<0.05);中位组骨水泥渗透率(5.88％比21.95％)及再次骨折发生率(2.94％比17.07％)均明显低于偏侧组(P<0.05);骨水泥分布形态及骨水泥渗漏率均是影响OVCF病人PKP术后预后的危险因素(P<0.05).结论 PKP术后骨水泥的分布形态影响OVCF病人预后效果,其偏侧可增加病人骨水泥渗漏及再次骨折的几率,在手术过程中应尽量使骨水泥中位分布.     

Successful percutaneous treatment of bone tumors using microwave ablation in combination with Zoledronic acid infused PMMA cementoplasty

Whilst surgical resection is traditionally used for the successful eradication of locally aggressive osseous tumors, it is often hazardous or unachievable, particularly in complex anatomic sites, such as the pelvis and spine. The authors present the use of microwave ablation in combination with Zoledronic acid (ZA) administration, alone and with the use of ZA-loaded polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to percutaneously treat unresectable bone tumors in 4 patients with giant cell tumors (GCT), multiple myeloma (MM) and breast cancer metastasis.     

骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉联合椎体成形术治疗Ⅲ型Kümmell病

目的:探讨骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉联合椎体成形术治疗Ⅲ型Kümmell病的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年12月诊治的37例Ⅲ型Kümmell病患者,其中男11例,女26例;年龄61~84(68.6±4.2)岁;病程2~10(6.5±2.3)个月;Frankle分级,C级9例,D级20例,E级8例。所有患者采用骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉联合椎体成形术进行治疗,评估手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间及其并发症发生率;比较术前及术后不同时间点视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry Disability Index,ODI),伤椎的椎体前缘高度,后凸Cobb角。结果:所有患者获随访,时间12~60(22.4±10.9)个月,手术时间(240.9±77.4)min,术中出血量(315.0±149.2)ml,术后引流量(220.8±72.0)ml,术后住院时间(12.6±4.7)d。患者术后出现切口红肿1例,感染1例,未出现骨水泥松动。术后各时间点的VAS评分、ODI指数低于术前(P<0.05),椎体前缘高度大于术前(P<0.05),Cobb角小于术前(P<0.05)。根据患者末次随访结果进行神经功能Frankel分级,D级2例,E级35例。患者神经功能改善,生活质量明显提高。结论:骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉联合椎体成形术是Ⅲ型Kümmell病一种安全有效且可行的治疗方法。