胫骨延长后骨痂直径与新生骨预后关系的临床分析

目的探讨胫骨延长后骨痂直径与新生骨预后的关系.方法 1996年1月～2001年12月,对68例胫骨延长者测量达所需延长长度时的骨痂直径,计算骨痂直径率(callus diameter ratios,CDR);统计拆除外固定架后2～4周时新生骨发生骨折例数及畸形角度,比较骨折和成角畸形与CDR的关系.结果拆除外固定架前胫骨前屈角度5度以上畸形19例,其中11例发生骨折;拆除外固定架后胫骨出现5度以上畸形6例,其中2例骨折;其余43例胫骨延长骨痂正常愈合.计算CDR值:CDR值小于80% 23例,其中发生新生骨骨折13例,成角畸形5度以上者21例;CDR在81%～85%之间6例,成角畸形5度以上4例;CDR值超过86% 39例,无畸形或新生骨骨折.结论胫骨延长时CDR小于80%时,容易发生新生骨骨折和畸形;CDR大于85%时,无新生骨骨折和畸形发生;两组间具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CDR是判断骨痂能否正常愈合较为理想的检测指标.     

Comparison of Radiographic and pQCT Analyses of Healing Rat Tibial Fractures

Fracture healing and callus formation have traditionally been evaluated by using X-ray radiography. Here we compared X-ray radiography and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in evaluating the healing callus of standardized tibial fractures in 141 female rats after a 4- or 8-week follow-up. The results were compared with the tensile (4-week) and compressive (8-week) failure load of the callus. The projectional size of callus, as defined from lateral ex vivo radiographs, correlated significantly with the pQCT-defined cross-sectional area (CSA) of mid-callus. This relationship was dependent on the pQCT attenuation threshold, being higher for the CSA of compact bone (r = 0.85, P < 0.0001) than for the total bone CSA (r = 0.68, P < 0.0001). Radiographically defined callus projectional area also correlated strongly with bone mineral content (BMC) (r = 0.84–0.86, P < 0.0001). The mean optical density of the callus analyzed from the radiographs had only a weak correlation with the pQCT-defined bone mineral density (BMD) of callus. A weak negative relationship was found between CSA and BMD. The optical density analyzed from lateral radiographs did not correlate with the tensile or compressive failure load of callus. Callus size, BMC, and BMD were associated with the compressive failure load, whereas both radiographs and pQCT were poor in explaining the failure load in tension. Received: 28 June 1999 / Accepted: 28 October 1999     

石斛愈伤组织培养物的药用前景探讨

石解药材的自然资源严重枯竭。本研究从石斛重要药用有效成分多糖的角度出发,所作的愈伤组织培养物和它的原植物的比较,显示出石解愈伤组织培养物有可能代替原植物作药用,既解决石料药源紧缺,又带来保护环境生态和商业利益的理想途径。     

何首乌组织培养的研究

采用单因子、正交设计法考察了基本培养基、激素以及光暗条件对何首乌幼嫩茎、叶诱导愈伤组织的影响,以及培养时间与愈伤组织生长量间的关系。实验研究表明:MS 2,4D1mg/L 6-BA1mg/L IBA0.5mg/L和暗培养对诱导何首乌愈伤组织产生效果较好;接种12天时愈伤组织生长量达到最大;愈伤组织经诱导能够产生完整植株,成苗率为95％。     

体外培养刺五加生产刺五加苷B、E的研究

目的 探讨2,4-D和培养基对刺五加愈伤组织和体细胞胚胎生产刺五加苷B、E的影响,建立有利于刺五加苷B、E积累的刺五加体外培养体系.方法 将来自同一外植体的刺五加愈伤组织和体细胞胚胎分别诱导增殖或产生次级体胚,HPLC法测定培养物中刺五加苷B、E含量和培养物质量,考察培养物类型、培养基种类和激素对刺五加苷B、E生产的影响.结果 体细胞胚胎的质量虽略低于愈伤组织的质量,但体细胞胚胎生产刺五加苷B、E的能力优于愈伤组织.2,4-D对刺五加苷B、E含量影响较小,仅改变了培养物的质量.MS培养基处理中培养物的刺五加苷B、E产量优于1/2MS培养基.结论 刺五加体外培养物可以生产刺五加苷B、E,其产量取决于培养物类型、培养基种类和2,4-D浓度.     

东北红豆杉茎、叶及愈伤组织中紫杉醇含量的比较

目的:比较东北红豆杉茎、叶及愈伤组织中紫杉醇的含量。方法:用甲醇-氯仿(1∶1)提取样品,二氯甲烷与水萃取提取物,高效液相色谱法测定样品中紫杉醇的含量。结果:东北红豆杉愈伤组织、茎、叶中紫杉醇的含量分别为0.01830%、0.00128%、0.00066%,愈伤组织中紫杉醇的含量高于茎、叶。结论:本试验对合理开发和利用东北红豆杉、保护红豆杉属植物资源具有积极意义。     

培养条件对三叶青愈伤组织生长及总黄酮含量的影响

研究培养条件对三叶青愈伤组织生长及黄酮积累的影响,建立用愈伤组织生产三叶青黄酮的方法。以三叶青的叶诱导产生的愈伤组织为材料,分别采用单因素实验、正交实验的方法比较了不同光照周期、不同有机添加物、不同前体、3种基础培养基、不同6-BA与NAA浓度的培养条件下愈伤组织生长的情况及黄酮含量。用愈伤组织生产三叶青黄酮可采用两步培养法来进行:先在促进愈伤组织生长的最佳处理组合条件:12 h/d间断性光照、MS+3.0 mg/L6-BA+2.0 mg/L NAA+2 g/L蛋白胨下培养30 d,再转入最利于黄酮积累的处理组合:连续光照、B5+4.0 mg/L 6-BA+2.0 mg/L NAA+40 mg/L苯丙氨酸下培养20 d。采用该方法培养的愈伤组织中总黄酮最大浓度可以达到28.4±3.9 mg/g DW。采用愈伤组织培养方式生产三叶青黄酮,不仅可以大大地缩短生产周期,而且培养物中的总黄酮含量也明显高于原植株叶片,接近于根茎中的黄酮含量,具有较大的可行性。     

Is the callus shape an optimal response to a mechanobiological stimulus?

After bone trauma, the natural response to restore bone function is the formation of a callus around the fracture. Although several bone healing models have been developed, none have effectively perceived early callus formation and shape as the result of an optimal response to a mechanobiological stimulus.In this paper, we investigate which stimulus regulates early callus formation. An optimal design problem is formulated, and several objective functions are defined, each using a different mechanobiological stimulus. The following stimuli were analysed: the interfragmentary strain, the second invariant of the deviatoric strain tensor and a generic inflammatory factor. Different regions for callus formation were also evaluated, such as the gap region, the periosteum and the periosteum border. Each stimulus was computed using the finite element method, and the callus shape was optimised using the steepest descent method.The results demonstrated that the inflammatory factor approach, the interfragmentary strain and the second invariant of the deviatoric strain tensor over the inner gap provided the best results when compared with histological callus shapes. Therefore, this work suggests that callus growth can be an optimal mechanobiological response to either local mechanical instability and/or local inflammatory reaction.     

白木香根外植体愈伤组织诱导研究

【目的】研究以白木香[Aquilaria sinensis （Lour．） Gilg]根为外植体的愈伤组织诱导条件。【方法】选择白木香2种来源的根,考察不同灭菌条件、不同激素浓度组合对愈伤组织诱导的影响。【结果】实生苗根以0．01 mg／mL的HgCl2溶液灭菌3 min最佳,适合诱导愈伤组织的培养基为MS＋0．1 mg／L 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4－D）＋0．1 mg／L 6－苄氨基嘌呤（6－BA）;无菌苗根在添加1．0 mg／L萘乙酸（NAA）和0．8 mg／L 6－BA的MS培养基上可达到最高的愈伤组织诱导率。【结论】获得了2种来源白木香根的愈伤组织;单独使用生长素2,4－D时诱导率较低,添加6－BA后可显著提高愈伤组织的诱导率和生长势。     

髓内钉和锁定钢板治疗股骨远端骨折骨痂形成的差异研究

目的：通过对比髓内钉和锁定钢板对股骨远端骨折治疗的临床效果,研究两种治疗方法促进骨膜骨痂形成的差异。方法：回顾性分析156例股骨远端骨折患者,分别筛取12例逆行髓内钉治疗患者与12例锁定钢板治疗患者做配对研究。使用特定软件测量对比两组患者伤后12周X线片股骨侧面和前后面骨痂形成量。结果：相应骨折愈合部位髓内钉组的平均骨痂形成面积为（233±280）mm2是锁定钢板组（95±109）mm2的2.4倍,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.028）。结论：股骨远端骨折后锁定钢板治疗组骨痂形成少于髓内钉治疗组。