影响α-淀粉酶分离液澄清度的因素

本文根据凝聚和絮凝原理,研究了无机盐和高分子絮凝剂加入量对枯草杆菌BF 7658α-淀粉酶分离液澄清度的影响。实验结果表明,氯化钙可使α-淀粉酶发酵液的ζ电位降低,分离液的澄清度增加,用氯化钙和磷酸氢二钠来处理发酵液,则其分离液的澄清度较单用氯化钙为大,阴离子型高分子絮凝剂如海藻酸钠加入量对分离液澄清度也有一定影响。实验中还发现,澄清的发酵液在10℃下贮存可保持澄清透明状态。     

Ultrastructural analysis of pancreatic acinar cells from mice fed on genetically modified soybean

No direct evidence that genetically modified (GM) food may represent a possible danger for health has been reported so far; however, the scientific literature in this field is quite poor. Therefore, we investigated the possible effects of a diet containing GM soybean on mouse exocrine pancreas by means of ultrastructural, morphometrical and immunocytochemical analyses. Our observations demonstrate that, although no structural modification occurs in pancreatic acinar cells of mice fed on GM soybean, quantitative changes of some cellular constituents take place in comparison to control animals. In particular, a diet containing significant amount of GM food seems to influence the zymogen synthesis and processing.     

Immunohistochemical,ultrastructural and biochemical studies of an amylase-producing breast carcinoma

Summary We describe a breast cancer with ectopic production of amylase, found in the patient's serum, urine and in the tumour. Clinically, serum amylase levels reflected both the progression of the disease and regression induced by various therapies. Using agarose gel electrophoresis and a wheat protein inhibitor assay, the predominant serum amylase appeared to be identical to pancreatic-type isoenzyme. However, the action mode analysis using a new fluorogenic substrate revealed that the serum contained non-salivary, non-pancreatic amylase. The tumour had microscopic features of invasive ductal carcinoma with some argyrophilic differentiation. The component cells stained positively for amylase, and ultrastructurally numerous secretory granules were seen.     

Multiple IgE-mediated sensitizations to enzymes after occupational exposure: evaluation by skin prick test, RAST, and immunoblot

We investigated 10 sensitized and 10 nonsensitized workers from a pharmaceutic factory who had been exposed to powdered trypsin, chymotrypsin, bromclain, papain, amylase, and lipase. Ten nonallergic subjects served as a control group. Titrated skin prick tests (SPT), RAST, and immunoblot studies were performed with all six enzymes. SPT reactivity revealed multiple sensitizations to proteolytic enzymes, i.e., papain (specifically sensitized/total number of sensitizations: 9/10), trypsin (8/10), chymotrypsin (8/10), and bromelain (7/10) and appeared to be more frequent and more pronounced than sensitizations to amylase (3/10) or lipase (3/10). The low molecular weight of proteolytic enzymes (20–30 kDa) and their biologic activity might facilitate mucosal penetration more easily and thus - compared to amylase and lipase - permit an immune response and induction of allergic hypersensitivity. Immunoblot studies demonstrated IgG-binding bands in both SPT-positive and -negative workers, indicating exposure to the enzymes, but not in 10 unexposed control subjects. IgE-binding bands of the enzymes were detected only in workers with a positive SPT reaction and/or a positive RAST result. IgG bands were more frequent and the IgG/IgE ratio was increased in workers without allergic complaints compared to symptomatic workers. This might indicate that high levels of specific IgG antibodies to enzymes arc associated with an immune response lacking allergic manifestations in spite of IgE-mediated sensitizations to the enzymes. Atopic subjects were at greater risk of developing IgE-mediated sensitization (7/10) and allergic symptoms to enzymes (5/7). However, even without risk of atopy, IgE-mediated hypersensitivity occurred in a few subjects (3/13) exposed to enzymes by inhalation for prolonged periods of time.     

兔急性肾功能衰竭时胰腺形态与功能及自由基、一氧化氮的变化

目的：探讨家兔急性肾功能衰竭（ARF）时胰腺的变化及机制。 方法： 60只家兔均分为4组。ARF模型1组：皮下注射1%HgCl2（1.3 mL/kg）；ARF模型2组：肌肉注射50%甘油（10 mL/kg）；以等量生理盐水代替HgCl2或甘油分别作为对照1、2组。24 h后，经Aeroset型全自动生化分析仪测定血清BUN、Cre及胰淀粉酶（AMY）活性；以放射免疫法检测血清胰岛素（INS）水平；制作胰腺病理切片，观察其组织等变化；制备10%胰匀浆，检测自由基及一氧化氮（NO）水平的变化。 结果： ARF时胰腺细胞有空泡变性、坏死等改变。ARF模型1、2组血清AMY活性均显著高于相应对照组，血清INS水平显著低于相应对照组（P<0.05，P<0.01）；胰匀浆MDA、NO2-/NO3-含量及NOS活性高于对照组，SOD活性低于对照组（P<0.05，P<0.01）。 结论： 兔急性肾功能衰竭时，胰腺可发生形态及功能变化，其机制可能与自由基损伤及NO升高有关。     

大承气汤联合清热通腑灌肠方治疗急性胰腺炎疗效研究

目的:观察大承气汤联合清热通腑灌肠方治疗急性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法:将96例已经确诊为急性胰腺炎的患者采用简单随机法分为对照组(n=48)和观察组(n=48)。对照组给予奥曲肽治疗,而观察组在奥曲肽基础上给予大承气汤口服联合清热通腑灌肠方保留灌肠治疗。比较两组胰腺体部血流指标、中医证候积分、Balthazar CT重症度指数分级及血淀粉酶的差异,统计两组临床疗效。结果:两组患者治疗前中医证候积分、Balthazar CT重症度指数分级比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。两组中医证候总积分、主证和次证积分在治疗后均下降,且观察组中医证候总积分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗后观察组Balthazar CT重症度指数分级中Ⅰ级占比增加,Ⅲ级占比减少。治疗前,两组患者胰腺体部血流指标、血淀粉酶比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。治疗后,两组胰腺体部血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)均高于治疗前,血淀粉酶及胰腺体部毛细血管表面通透性(PS)均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组胰腺体部BF、BV高于对照组,胰腺体部P...     

体外循环手术病人胰腺内、外分泌功能的变化

目的：观察体外循环手术病人围期胰腺内,外分泌功能的变化以及影响这些变化的可能因素。方法：20例体外循环病人分别测定术前,术后2,24,48h血糖,淀粉酶,胰岛素,C肽浓度。结果：血糖,胰岛素,C肽含量,术后与术前经均有明显提高（P＜0．05）;术中,术后2h血淀粉酶的值与术前比较无明显差异（P＞0．05）,但手术后24,48h即显高于术水平（P＜0．05）。淀粉循环围术期胰腺内,外分泌功能均存在着不同程度的损害,而避免体外循环转流中灌注压过低对减轻胰腺功能的损害具有一定积极意义,术后早期应避免输入高渗葡萄糖。     

足月儿母乳淀粉酶活性动态变化

为了解我国足月儿母乳淀粉酶活性的动态变化规律,测定40例足月顺产儿乳母不同泌乳期及一次喂奶时前、中、后段乳及母血中淀粉酶的活性。结果显示初乳中淀粉酶活性为(9772.37±1.70)IU/L;随着泌乳期的延长,淀粉酶活性逐渐下降;一次喂奶前、中、后段乳中淀粉酶的活性差异无显著性意义;母乳淀粉酶98％为唾液型淀粉酶;母乳中淀粉酶活性高于母血100倍;产妇年龄与母乳淀粉酶活性无显著性相关。提示母乳中含有丰富的淀粉酶,对母乳喂养儿的淀粉消化和潜在的抗感染作用具有积极意义,应向广大群众大力提倡母乳喂养。     

尿胰蛋白酶原-2、血脂肪酶、血淀粉酶联合检测在早期诊断急性胰腺炎中的应用

目的 本实验旨在探讨尿胰蛋白酶原-2、血淀粉酶、血脂肪酶联合检测对急性胰腺炎的早期诊断意义。方法 对60例急性胰腺炎患者、50例非急性胰腺炎患者，50例正常健康体检者测定尿胰蛋白酶原-2，血淀粉酶及血脂肪酶，比较其对诊断胰腺炎的敏感性及特异性。结果尿胰蛋白酶-2诊断急性胰腺炎的敏感性为95.0％：特异性为96.0％，血脂肪酶分别为80．0％、78．0％；血淀粉酶分别为78.3％、76．0％。结论 胰蛋白酶原-2较之常规的血淀粉酶、血脂肪酶检测，在急性胰腺炎早期诊断中具有更高的价值。