The effect of various cations and pH on the adsorption of U(VI) on Amberlite IR-118H resin

The effects of various metal cations and pH on the adsorption of uranium(VI) on strongly acidic cation exchanger Amberlite IR-118H (AIR-118H) were studied. The metal cations suppress U(VI) adsorption differently depending on their ionic radii. Adsorption of U(VI) on AIR-118H peaks at pH 3.4, which was attributed to the occurrence of different forms of U(VI) at different pH values. The adsorption data were then processed using the Frumkin–Fowler–Guggenheim equation, and the standard free energy of adsorption was calculated.     

有色金属矿山的井下氡积累与矿工肺癌

作者调查了湖南省４个有色金属矿，在１９７６－１９８１年间测定的井下平均氡子体浓度为现行限值的２－１３倍，最高４２４倍；进行回顾性流行病学调查，其观察４８１２５人年，肺癌ＰＭＲ１．４３－３．３３，ＳＭＲ３．４６－１１．５０，氡致肺癌的相对危险增加系数每ＷＬＭ为）．０１０－０．０５７。矿上同时暴露于含砷矿尘，部分３．４６－１１．５０，氡致肺癌的相对危险增加系数每ＷＬＭ为０．０１０－０．０５７。矿上同…     

铀作业人员的微循环改变

对铀作业者１９９例及无毒物接触史的正常人１０１例行甲襞微循环检测。结果，铀作业人员甲襞微循环有改变，其加权积分值大于对照组。主要表现在管袢数减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）、管径增粗（Ｐ＜０．０１）、毛细血管运动增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）、乳丛增多（Ｐ＜０．０１）。通过对铀致微循环改变的机理试以分析，提出这种微循环改变是铀中毒的病理表现，亦是铀中毒的重要发病环节；提示铀中毒治疗中应注重改善微循环。     

煤矿工人工作家庭冲突对职业紧张的影响研究

目的分析煤矿作业人员工作家庭冲突对其职业紧张发生的影响,为降低其职业紧张的发生提供参考依据。方法通过分层整群抽样的方法纳入1500名煤矿工人作为研究对象,采用ERI量表和工作家庭冲突量表调查研究对象的工作家庭冲突和职业紧张现状,采用二分类logistic回归对职业紧张的影响因素进行分析。结果研究共调查了1346名煤矿作业工人,工作家庭冲突分数结果显示,不同轮班、婚姻和工种的煤矿作业人员其分数差异较大(P<0.05);煤矿工人职业紧张阳性率为47.77%,煤矿工作人员在不同年龄、工龄和婚姻状况之间职业紧张阳性率差异较大(分别为χ^(2)=20.938、χ^(2)=19.873、χ^(2)=6.273,P<0.05);工作家庭冲突三维度的方面(时间、压力、行为)的得分都与付出、超负荷和ERI比值呈现出正相关关系(P<0.05);多因素回归分析发现:年龄>45岁(OR=1.370,95%CI:1.052~1.785)、工龄>10年(OR=1.788,95%CI:1.223~2.614)和家庭-工作冲突(OR=1.070,95%CI:1.049~1.091)均是煤矿作业人员发生职业紧张的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论研究表明煤矿作业工人目前发生职业紧张状况不容乐观,家庭-工作冲突可以增加职业紧张发生的风险。     

新疆某铀矿山周边食品放射性核素监测与分析

目的 了解新疆某铀矿山周边食品的放射性水平,补充新疆食品放射性核素基线数据库,分析放射性核素含量,估算居民由膳食摄入所致内照射剂量。方法 2018—2020年采集食品样品6类71份,用高纯锗γ能谱仪对感兴趣核素²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K和¹³⁷Cs的比活度进行测量、统计、分析,并对其所致居民年有效剂量进行估算。结果 2018—2020年食品样品中均未检出核素²³⁸U,其余放射性核素的平均活度浓度和检出率分别为²³²Th：0.428 ±0.038 Bq/kg（18.3%）、²²⁶Ra：0.477 ±0.063 Bq/kg（38%）、⁴⁰K：162 ±7 Bq/kg（100%）、¹³⁷Cs：0.071 ±0.011 Bq/kg（29.6%）,居民因食品放射性核素所致年有效剂量约为0.198 mSv。结论 新疆某含铀矿山周边食品的放射性水平在国家标准限值以内,居民因膳食所致年平均有效剂量与(UNSCEAR)2000年报告相符合,食品样品中检出的人工放射性核素¹³⁷Cs的含量不会对居民健康造成危害。     

煤矿工人上消化道疾病的现况研究

目的：探讨煤矿工人上消化道疾病的患病现况,方法：按照整群随机抽样的方法在山东兖州,河北开滦,辽宁铁法选取３０６人,以胃镜进行普查。结果：矿区工人总的上消化道疾病患病率为７７．８％,以红斑性胃炎为主,占各种上消化道疾病的４１．５％井下采煤和掘进作业工人的患病率高于井下其他作业工人,后者的患病率与井上工人的患病率一致,各矿区之间,以山东兖州的工人患病率最高,湖北开滦最低。结论 煤矿工人上消化道疾病患病     

云锡矿工非小细胞肺癌形态计量和DNA定量检测研究

对云南锡矿矿工（Ｍ组）、其它地区非矿工（ＮＭ组）非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ）不同病变阶段及正常对照（Ｃ组）细胞进行形态计量和ＤＮＡ定量测定比较研究，采用ＣＭＩＡＳ－００７型多功能真彩色病理图像分析仪，选择１６项几何学参数，结合ＤＮＡ含量五项指标对Ｍ、ＮＭ组进行动态观察。结果表明：１云锡矿工和其它地区非矿工ＩＮＳＣＬＣ尽管致癌因素不尽相同，但其形态计量和ＤＮＡ含量测定具有相似变化，ＤＮＡ含量变化与组织学类型也无明显关系。２ＤＮＡ含量的检测是鉴别不典型增生支气管粘膜上皮与肺癌的手段之一。３肺鳞癌癌周有活跃的Ⅱ型肺泡上皮增生，ＤＮＡ定量检测表明其核酸代谢活跃，染色体增殖能力增强，故其可能也是肺鳞癌的组织起源之一。４对有Ⅱ型肺泡上皮增生的患者临床上应严密监测，以利早期预防、早期诊断、早期治疗。５应用多功能真彩色图像分析仪将形态参数和ＤＮＡ定量测定结合起来，配以多因素统计学方法，对于非小细胞肺癌发生发展过程中各个病变阶段的诊断和鉴别诊断有较高的可重复性、可靠性和客观性。     

Evaluation of three electrodeposition procedures for uranium,plutonium and americium

While both mass spectrometry and alpha-particle spectrometry have been widely used for measuring alpha activities, the former is preferred since many laboratories are not equipped with ICP-MS and MC-ICP-MS systems. In this study, three electrodeposition techniques using ammonium chloride, ammonium oxalate and ammonium sulphate as electrolyte solutions were applied and evaluated for the preparation of uranium, plutonium and americium sources for alpha-particle spectrometry. Changes in pH and temperature throughout the electrodeposition process were measured every 15 min, together with percentage deposition every 30 min. The percentage deposition in each method was checked at 300, 400 and 500 mA, and the optimised time and current were determined.     

What are the health costs of uranium mining? A case study of miners in Grants,New Mexico

Background:

Uranium mining is associated with lung cancer and other health problems among miners. Health impacts are related with miner exposure to radon gas progeny.

Objectives:

This study estimates the health costs of excess lung cancer mortality among uranium miners in the largest uranium-producing district in the USA, centered in Grants, New Mexico.

Methods:

Lung cancer mortality rates on miners were used to estimate excess mortality and years of life lost (YLL) among the miner population in Grants from 1955 to 2005. A cost analysis was performed to estimate direct (medical) and indirect (premature mortality) health costs.

Results:

Total health costs ranged from $2.2 million to $7.7 million per excess death. This amounts to between $22.4 million and $165.8 million in annual health costs over the 1955–1990 mining period. Annual exposure-related lung cancer mortality was estimated at 2185.4 miners per 100 000, with a range of 1419.8–2974.3 per 100 000.

Conclusions:

Given renewed interest in uranium worldwide, results suggest a re-evaluation of radon exposure standards and inclusion of miner long-term health into mining planning decisions.     

Ex vivo decrease in uranium diffusion through intact and excoriated pig ear skin by a calixarene nanoemulsion

Cutaneous contamination by radionuclides is a major concern in the nuclear industry. In case of skin exposure to uranium, no efficient emergency treatment is available to remove the actinide from the skin. For this purpose, we developed a nanoemulsion containing calixarene molecules displaying good chelating properties towards uranium. In this paper, we describe the ability of this formulation to trap uranium and limit its transfer from the cutaneous contaminated site into the blood. Uranium percutaneous diffusion kinetics was assessed with Franz cells over 24 h through intact and excoriated pig ear skin biopsies, after or without application of the nanoemulsion. Uranium distribution in the skin layers was analysed by SIMS microscopy. The results showed that prompt application of the calixarene nanoemulsion allows a 94% and 98% reduction of the amount of uranium diffused respectively through intact and excoriated skin. The formulation is still efficient in case of delayed application up to 30 minutes since the 24 h-uranium transfer through excoriated skin is reduced by 71%. Besides, no accumulation of uranium or uranium-calixarene chelate was observed in the different skin layers. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the efficiency of the calixarene nanoemulsion, which can be regarded as a promising treatment for uranium cutaneous contamination.