电离辐射对放射工作者职业健康的影响

目的 分析放射工作者外周血象、淋巴细胞微核及染色体畸变情况,为放射工作者职业防护和健康监测提供依据。方法 对2015年、2017年和2019年连续3次接受健康检查的127名放射工作者进行淋巴细胞微核、染色体及血象分析,将其设为放射组。另外选取133名无射线接触史的医务人员设为对照组;结果 放射组中淋巴细胞微核率和染色体畸变率高于对照组,白细胞和血小板计数低于对照组,均具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。127名放射工作者外周血白细胞总数随着接触电离辐射时间的增长逐渐降低,染色体畸变率逐渐增加,均具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。损害工龄大于20年的放射工作者染色体畸变率高于低工龄组,不同损害工龄之间比较无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。核医学与介入治疗工种染色体畸变率高于其他工种,具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 长时间接触低剂量电离辐射可使放射工作者白细胞总数降低和淋巴细胞染色体畸变率增加,应加强放射工作者防护措施以备降低电离辐射损伤程度,特别要加强核医学和介入治疗放射工作人员的职业防护。     

万克灵消毒剂的毒理试验

目的：研究万克灵的毒性作用。方法：经口、粘膜、皮肤试验。结果：小鼠经口毒性试验未显示毒性。该消毒剂对家兔皮肤无刺激性,对家兔眼结膜有轻度刺激反应,50%万克灵消毒剂（甘油稀释）则属无刺激性。对豚鼠皮肤致敏变态反应阴性,对小鼠骨髓细胞染色体无效突变作用。结论：经毒理试验显示万克灵消毒剂是一种应用于室内空气安全可靠的消毒剂。     

蒲公英水煎液对环磷酰胺诱导的实验性小鼠精子畸形的影响

目的 :研究蒲公英水煎液对实验性小鼠生殖细胞遗传物质的影响。方法 :应用小鼠精子畸形实验 ,观察蒲公英水煎液本身能否诱发雄性生殖细胞遗物质的损伤 ;以及对环磷酰胺诱导的雄性生殖遗传物质损伤是否具有抑制作用。结果 :蒲公英水煎液本身不能诱发实验性小鼠精子畸形 ;对环磷酰胺诱导实验性小鼠精子畸形具有明显抑制作用。结论 :蒲公英水煎液具有一定的抗突变作用 ,可安全应于临床肿瘤治疗。     

针灸对小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变率、骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的影响

目的:研究针灸的抗突变作用.方法:以小鼠为实验动物,以环磷酰胺为诱变剂.随机分正常对照组、模型组、艾灸组、针 灸组.艾灸组艾灸大椎、肾腧穴.针 灸组:小鼠针刺足三里、艾灸关元穴,检测各组小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率、骨髓细胞染色体畸变率的差异.结果:模型组与正常对照组比较骨髓细胞染色体畸变率和小鼠骨髓细胞嗜多染红细胞微核率明显升高,而针灸各组与模型组比较明显降低,统计学处理具有显著性差异.结论:针灸可以拮抗由环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变率和小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的升高,针灸具有抗突变作用.     

Activation cross-sections of proton induced reactions on natural Ni up to 65 MeV

Production cross-sections of the ^natNi(p,x)^60,61Cu, ^56,57Ni, ^55,56,57,58Co nuclear reactions were measured in five experiments up to 65 MeV by using a stacked foil activation technique. The results were compared with the available literature values, predictions of the nuclear reaction model codes ALICE-IPPE, TALYS-1.4, and extracted data from the TENDL-2012 library. Spline fits were made on the basis of selected data, from which physical yields were calculated and compared with the literature values. The applicability of the ^natNi(p,x)⁵⁷Ni, ⁵⁷Co reactions for thin layer activation (TLA) was investigated. The production rate for ⁵⁵Co was compared for proton and deuteron induced reactions on Ni.     

茶多酚对60Co γ辐射诱发CHL细胞染色体畸变和微核形成作用的影响

目的 研究茶多酚（tea polyphenols,TP）对60Coγ辐射诱发中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞（Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line,CHL）染色体畸变和小鼠骨髓微核形成作用的影响。方法 将CHL细胞（±S9）分为空白对照组、阳性对照组、辐射模型组,TP保护组（分别加TP12.5、25、50 μg/ml）6组,除空白和阳性对照组外均给予2 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ照射后继续培养24 h,常规制备染色体,观察畸变类型并计算畸变率。50只KM小鼠分为正常对照组、辐射模型组,TP保护组（高、中、低剂量分别于照射后给TP725、145、29 mg/kg灌胃）,每组10只,给药后14天给予6 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ照射,24 h后处死动物,取双侧股骨,行骨髓涂片和姬姆萨染色,计数含微核嗜多染红细胞（polychromatic erythrocyte,PCE）数。结果 中、高剂量组TP（25、50 μg/ml）可显著降低⁶⁰Co γ诱发的CHL染色体畸变率,S9不影响CHL细胞染色体畸变形式和畸变率。高、中剂量TP保护组（725、145 mg/kg）小鼠PCE微核率与辐照模型组相比较,相差显著（P<0.05）。结论 茶多酚能部分对抗⁶⁰Co γ辐射诱发的CHL细胞染色体畸变和微核形成,对染色体损伤具有保护作用。     

Investigating predictability of in vitro toxicological assessments of cigarettes: Analysis of 7 years of regulatory submissions to Canadian regulatory authorities

A wealth of in vitro toxicological information on different types of tobaccos and tobacco products has been acquired and published, although the link between in vitro data and impact on human health remains elusive. The present study investigates the possibility of establishing quantitative models for the in vitro toxicological endpoint responses to cigarette smoke. To this end, it relies on information submitted to Canadian health authorities during the period 2006–2012. To our knowledge, this is the first time that published results concerning the influence of such factors as cigarette blend, diameter and filter type on in vitro toxicity are confirmed at the level of a representative range of products on a market. Taking these cigarette design features into account and adding a limited amount of quantitative mainstream smoke composition information, it is shown that, within the boundaries of the considered cigarette design parameters, the in vitro toxicological response can be effectively predicted. In vitro tests of tobacco products are an invaluable initial comparative product assessment tool. The present results reveal the limited value of data from repeated tests on products which do not undergo significant modifications.     

PHOSPHATE FOR TOP DRESSING AS A NORMAL PLANTATION OPERATION

The extension of the standard agricultural practice of fertilizing the soil with superphosphate has been carried out in a number of Pinus radiata plantations in South Australia. The costs are moderate, particularly when compared with the encouraging growth responses from low quality stands. To date, 450 acres have been treated on Second Valley Forest Reserve, the subject area of this paper.     

Comparing the historical limits method with regression models for weekly monitoring of national notifiable diseases reports

To compare the performance of the standard Historical Limits Method (HLM), with a modified HLM (MHLM), the Farrington-like Method (FLM), and the Serfling-like Method (SLM) in detecting simulated outbreak signals. We used weekly time series data from 12 infectious diseases from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). Data from 2006 to 2010 were used as baseline and from 2011 to 2014 were used to test the four detection methods. MHLM outperformed HLM in terms of background alert rate, sensitivity, and alerting delay. On average, SLM and FLM had higher sensitivity than MHLM. Among the four methods, the FLM had the highest sensitivity and lowest background alert rate and alerting delay. Revising or replacing the standard HLM may improve the performance of aberration detection for NNDSS standard weekly reports.     

术前配戴软性角膜接触镜对LASIK术后高阶像差的影响

目的探讨术前配戴软性角膜接触镜对波前引导和传统准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)术后高阶像差的影响。方法采用前瞻性随机双盲比较性研究,将拟行LASIK的青壮年近视患者48名(96眼),其中,术前配戴软性角膜接触镜者26名(52眼),随机分为波前引导组和传统组,分别检查术前、术后不同时间的视力、对比敏感度和高阶像差,并比较术前戴角膜接触镜组(contactlens,C组)与未戴组(non-contactlens,N组)术后高阶像差变化。结果无论是传统组还是波前引导组术后不同时间的裸眼视力(UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(BSCVA)、安全指数、有效指数和对比敏感度增加倍率等方面C组与N组均无显著差异(P>0.05)。传统组和波前引导组术后总高阶像差和各高阶像差RMS值(RMSh和RMS3～6值)均较术前增加,平均增加约1倍。传统组中术后RMSh和RMS3～6值增加倍率和下降比例C组与N组无显著差异,术后6个月时RMSh值增加倍率分别为1.28倍、1.17倍。引导组中术后RMSh、RMS3～5值增加倍率C组均明显高于N组(P<0.05),术后6个月时RMSh值增加倍率分别为1.58倍、0.77倍(P<0.05),N组术后不同时间RMSh、RMS3～5值下降比例均高于C组。术后6个月时,RMSh值下降比例C组与N组分别为9.1%和22.7%。结论术前配戴软性角膜接触镜影响波前引导LASIK对高阶像差的矫正,而对传统LASIK术后高阶像差影响不明显。术前配戴软性角膜接触镜者行波前引导LASIK应慎重。