噻托溴铵吸入辅助布地奈德/福莫特罗治疗重度支气管哮喘患者的疗效观察

目的 探讨噻托溴铵吸入辅助布地奈德/福莫特罗治疗重度支气管哮喘患者的疗效以及对肺部通气功能的影响.方法 选取我院2015年1月至2016年1月收治的重度支气管哮喘患者80例为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组(40例)和观察组(40例),分别给予布地奈德/福莫特罗单用和在此基础上加用噻托溴铵吸入辅助治疗,两组疗程均为6个月.比较两组患者近期疗效,急性发作频率,治疗前后哮喘控制测试量表(ACT)评分、肺部通气功能指标及不良反应发生率.结果 观察组患者和近期治疗总有效率为95.00%,明显高于对照组的75.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后1、3、6个月的急性发作频率分别为(8.09±0.67)次/月、(6.24±0.38)次/月、(2.94±0.31)次/月,呈逐渐下降趋势,且分别低于对照组的(11.78±1.10)次/月、(9.66±0.85)次/月、(6.56±0.72)次/月,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后ACT评分为(21.77±5.24)分,明显高于治疗前的(7.27±2.26)分和对照组的(14.36±3.18)分、差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后1 s用力呼气量占预计值的百分率(FEV1%)、1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、呼气峰流速值(PEF)及呼气流量峰值昼夜波动率(PEFR)分别为(90.38±9.50)、(3.20±0.84)L、(6.54±0.54)L/s、(7.60±2.13)%,均明显优于治疗前的(61.70±5.80)、(2.01±0.48)L、(4.23±0.30)L/s、(34.75±7.99)%和对照组的(79.87±8.35)、(2.42±0.69)L、(5.70±0.44)L/s、(12.63±3.51)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的不良反应发生率为22.50%,与对照组的15.00%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 噻托溴铵吸入辅助布地奈德/福莫特罗治疗重度支气管哮喘可有效降低急性发作频率,利于控制病情,提高肺部通气功能,且未增加不良反应.     

噻托溴铵治疗中重度支气管哮喘30例临床观察

目的:探讨噻托溴铵在中重度支气管哮喘治疗中的意义。方法:将60例中重度支气管哮喘患者随机分为观察组和对照组,两组患者均依据2009 GINA规范治疗3个月,其中观察组每天增加吸入一次噻托溴铵18μg。比较两组患者治疗前后性别、年龄、病程、哮喘控制测试(ACT)评分、血清免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、嗜酸细胞计数(EOS)、吸入支气管扩张剂后一秒钟用力呼气量(FEV1)、用力呼气中期流速(FEF25%~75%)值、用力呼气峰速(PEF)及每周急救药使用次数等指标变化并进行统计学分析。结果:①两组间患者性别、年龄、病程、治疗前各指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。②治疗后两组各指标与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。③治疗后,观察组的ACT评分、FEV1、PEF、FEF及每周急救药使用喷数与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。治疗后观察组EOS、IgE与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:噻托溴铵治疗中重度支气管哮喘有效,且以扩张气道、改善症状和肺功能为主,其是否有非特异性抗炎作用还需进一步研究论证。     

噻托溴铵粉吸入剂治疗148例支气管扩张症的效果评定

目的观察噻托溴铵粉吸入剂应用于临床治疗支气管扩张症的效果。方法选取我院治疗的148例支气管扩张症患者,随机分为观察组和对比组,对比组给予常规的支气管扩张症治疗;观察组在进行常规治疗的同时给予噻托溴铵粉吸入剂进行治疗。结果治疗后观察组和对比组的BODE指数和临床症状均有改善,但观察组优于对比组,P0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论使用噻托溴铵粉吸入剂治疗支气管扩张症疗效显著。     

联合应用支气管扩张剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭的疗效观察

目的：探讨联合应用支气管扩张剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）合并呼吸衰竭的临床效果。方法：将126例COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者以数字随机表法分为2组各63例,对照组患者给予噻托溴铵与盐酸氨溴索吸入治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上辅以沙丁胺醇吸入治疗,对比观察2组患者的临床疗效。结果：观察组患者的有效率为92．06％（58／63）,明显高于对照组的79．37％（50／63）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;治疗后,观察组患者的氧分压、一秒用力呼气容积及其占预计值百分比均明显高于对照组,二氧化碳分压明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论：联合应用支气管扩张剂治疗COPD合并呼吸衰竭,能纠正呼吸衰竭,改善肺功能。     

噻托溴铵治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病作用机制研究进展

噻托溴铵是一种新型长效抗胆碱类药物,是目前第一个能每日用药1次的吸人性药物,能高度选择性作用于胆碱M1和M3受体,表现出强大的支气管扩张作用,吸入一次疗效持续24 h以上.临床实验结果表明该药对中、重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病具有良好疗效,与其他常用抗胆碱能药物和β2受体激动剂相比较,噻托溴铵可显著改善肺功能、减少急性发作和改善生命质量,耐受性和安全性较好,主要不良反应为口干.     

The functional impact of adding salmeterol and tiotropium in patients with stable COPD

The aim of this double-blind, double-dummy, crossover, randomised, pilot study was to explore the acute effects of adding salmeterol and tiotropium in patients with stable COPD. A total of 20 outpatients with stable COPD were enrolled. Single doses of 18-microg tiotropium, 50-microg salmeterol, and 18-microg tiotropium+ 50-microg salmeterol were given. Serial measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were performed over 24h. The mean maximum increases in FEV1 from pre-dosing value on each of the dosing days were 0.165l (95% CI: 0.098-0.232) for tiotropium, 0.241 l (95% CI: 0.151-0.332) for salmeterol, and 0.290 l (95% CI: 0.228-0.353) for the combination and occurred 4 h after inhalation of tiotropium or salmeterol and 3 h after the combination. At 12h, the mean increases in FEV1 from pre-dosing value were 0.071 l (95% CI: 0.001-0.141; P = 0.047) for tiotropium, 0.069 l (95% CI: 0.018-0.120; P = 0.010) for salmeterol, and 0.108 l (95% CI: 0.047-0.170; P = 0.001) for the tiotropium + salmeterol combination. Only the difference between salmeterol and tiotropium + salmeterol was statistically significant (P = 0.009). At 24h, the mean FEV1 value was still higher than the mean pre-dosing value for tiotropium (0.042 l; 95% CI: -0.012-0.097; P=0.119) and the tiotropium+salmeterol combination (0.051 l; 95% CI: 0.01 5-0.087; P = 0.007), but not for salmeterol alone (-0.013 l; 95% CI: -0.041-0.014; P = 0.324). The FEV1 area under the curve (AUCs0-12h) were 1.657 l (95% CI: 1.152-2.162) for tiotropium, 2.068 (95l CI: 1.385-2.752) for salmeterol, and 2.541 l (95% CI: 1.954-3.129) for tiotropium + salmeterol. Only the difference between tiotropium and the tiotropium +salmeterol combination was statistically significant (P = 0.01). The FEV1 AUCs0-24h were 2.854 l (95% CI: 1.928-3.780) for tiotropium, 2.786 l (95% CI: 1.913-3.660) for salmeterol, and 3.640 l (95% CI: 2.674-4.605) for tiotropium + salmeterol. ALL differences between treatments were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). These results seem to indicate that the use of the tiotropium + salmeterol combination is more efficacious than the single agents alone, but the once-daily administration of the two drugs is inadvisable due to the broncholytic profile of salmeterol.     

Tiotropium bromide inhibits relapsing allergic asthma in BALB/c mice

Recurrent relapses of allergic lung inflammation in asthmatics may lead to airway remodeling and lung damage. We tested the efficacy of tiotropium bromide, a selective long-acting, muscarinic receptor antagonist as an adjunct therapy in relapses of allergic asthma in mice. We compared the effectiveness of local intranasal administration of tiotropium and dexamethasone in acute and relapsing allergic asthma in BALB/c mice. Although tiotropium at low doses is a potent bronchodilator, we tested higher doses to determine effectiveness on inflammation and mucus hypersecretion. A 5-day course of twice daily intranasal tiotropium or dexamethasone (1 mg/kg (b.w.)) suppressed airway eosinophils by over 87% during disease initiation and 88% at relapse compared to vehicle alone. Both drugs were comparable in their capacity to suppress airway and parenchymal inflammation and mucus hypersecretion, though tiotropium was better than dexamethasone at reducing mucus secretion during disease relapse. Despite treatment with either drug, serum antigen-specific IgE or IgG1 antibody titres remained unchanged. Our study indicates that tiotropium at higher doses than required for bronchodilation, effectively suppresses inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in the lungs and airways of mice during the initiation and relapse of asthma. Tiotropium is currently not approved for use in asthma. Clinical studies have to demonstrate the efficacy of tiotropium in this respiratory disease.     

Bronchodilator efficacy of tiotropium–formoterol via single pressurized meter dose inhaler (pMDI) versus tiotropium alone in COPD

BackgroundBronchodilators form the main stay of treatment for COPD. When symptoms are not adequately controlled with one bronchodilator, addition of another bronchodilator is recommended. We have recently developed a combination of tiotropium and formoterol in a single pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) (Cipla Ltd., India). The aim of this study was to compare the bronchodilator effects of a single dose of 18 mcg of tiotropium versus a single dose of a combination of 18 mcg tiotropium plus 12 mcg formoterol administered via a pMDI in subjects with moderate-to-severe COPD.Study design44 COPD subjects were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, multi-centre, cross-over study. 18 mcg tiotropium and 18 mcg tiotropium plus 12 mcg formoterol were administered via pressurized metered dose inhalers on two separate days. FEV₁, FVC and Inspiratory capacity (IC) were measured before, 15, 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after the study drugs were administered.ResultsCompared with tiotropium alone, a combination of tiotropium plus formoterol showed a faster onset of bronchodilator response (p < 0.01 for FEV1 and FVC), a greater mean maximum change in FEV1 (p = 0.01) and FVC (p = 0.008) and greater AUC_0–24h values for FEV₁, FVC and IC. Trough FEV₁ and FVC values were also greater in the combination group.ConclusionA combination of tiotropium plus formoterol administered via a single inhaler produced a superior bronchodilator response than tiotropium alone over a period of 24 h.     

班布特罗联合噻托溴铵粉治疗慢性阻塞性肺气肿的临床研究

目的探讨班布特罗联合噻托溴铵粉治疗慢性阻塞性肺气肿的临床疗效。方法以2017年6月—2018年6月在平煤神马医疗集团总医院进行治疗的100例慢性阻塞性肺气肿患者为研究对象,根据住院号的先后分为对照组(50例)和治疗组(50例)。对照组用吸入器吸入噻托溴铵粉吸入剂,18μg/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组的基础上口服盐酸班布特罗片,初始10 mg/次,1次/d,根据临床效果,在用药1～2周后可增加到20 mg/次,1次/d。两组患者均连续治疗2周。观察两组患者的临床疗效,同时比较两组的肺功能、血气指标、血清学指标、圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(CAT)评分。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组总有效率分别为80.00%、96.00%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者的一秒用力呼气容积(FEV_1)、用力肺活量(FVC)和FEV_1/FVC水平均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组肺功能指标水平显著高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的动脉血氧分压(pO_2)、血氧饱和度(SaO_2)显著升高,二氧化碳分压(pCO_2)显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组的血气指标水平显著优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、人分泌型卷曲相关蛋白-1(SFRP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、血管黏附蛋白-1(VAP-1)水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组血清学指标均显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的SGRQ评分显著降低,CAT评分显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组SGRQ评分、CAT评分均显著优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论班布特罗联合噻托溴铵粉治疗慢性阻塞性肺气肿疗效显著,能够有效改善患者肺功能,促进机体炎症因子水平降低,提高患者生活质量,具有一定临床推广应用价值。     

布地奈德福莫特罗联合噻托溴铵对重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者的疗效分析

目的 探讨布地奈德福莫特罗（信必可都保）联合噻托溴铵（思力华）对重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）稳定期患者的临床治疗效果.方法 选取重度COPD患者90例,随机分为试验组（45例）和对照组（45例）,两组均在常规治疗（常规吸氧、抗炎、解痉、平喘）的基础上,试验组使用布地奈德福莫特罗联合噻托溴铵吸入,对照组则以布地奈德福莫斯特罗单药治疗,治疗周期6个月;对两组患者的疗效进行对比分析.结果 经过6个月的治疗,两组患者的6 min步行距离、呼吸困难的症状均有改善,但试验组的效果更加明显（P＜0.05）;试验组患者的血气、肺功能指标均明显升高（P＜0.05）.结论 相比于使用布地奈德福莫特罗单药治疗,患者在血气分析、肺功能以及呼吸困难的改善上,噻托溴铵与布地奈德福莫特罗联合治疗重度COPD稳定期患者的疗效更好,具有在临床治疗中推广应用的价值.