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1.
Well‐being,health and fitness of children who use wheelchairs: Feasibility study protocol to develop child‐centred ‘keep‐fit’ exercise interventions 下载免费PDF全文
2.
It is hypothesized that persons who use drugs (PWUD) in Vietnam who are also HIV-positive may face additional challenges in psychosocial outcomes, and these challenges may extend to their family members. In this study, we examined depressive symptoms, stigma, social support, and caregiver burden of HIV-positive PWUD and their family members, compared to the outcomes of HIV-negative PWUD and their family members. Baseline, 3-month, and 6-month assessment data were gathered from 83 PWUD and 83 family members recruited from four communes in Phú Th? Province, Vietnam. For PWUD, although we observed a general decline in overall stigma over time for both groups, HIV-positive PWUD consistently reported significantly higher overall stigma for all three periods. Depressive symptoms among family members in both groups declined over time; however, family members of HIV-positive PWUD reported higher depressive symptoms across all three periods. In addition, family members of HIV-positive PWUD reported lower levels of tangible support across all three periods. Caregiver burden among family members of HIV-positive PWUD increased significantly over time, whereas the reported burden among family members of HIV-negative PWUD remained relatively unchanged. The findings highlight the need for future interventions for PWUD and family members, with targeted and culturally specific strategies to focus on the importance of addressing additional stigma experienced by PWUD who are HIV-positive. Such challenges may have direct negative impact on their family members' depressive symptoms, tangible support, and caregiver burden. 相似文献
3.
1993年3月对已建立一年的吸毒者定群研究现场──云南省德宏州瑞丽市、陇川县及潞西县再次进行调查。本次调查755例吸毒者及102例配偶。从1992年进入定群研究HIV阴性的89例静脉吸毒者中,1993年又采到血样有54例,其中9例血清转阳。瑞丽市、陇川县及潞西县1992年和1993年静注者血清阳转率(/百观察人年)分别为43.2%及40.0%,12.2%及12.2%,0%及0%。1993年新进入定群研究的116例静注者中,采集到血样的有104例,发现HIV阳性38例。上述三市县1992年及1993年入定群研究的静注者的HIV感染率分别为81.8%及85.7%,44.6%及40.0%,5.1%及0%。可以看出血清阳转率的高低与HIV感染率高低相吻合。HIV阳性者的配偶1990、1992及1993年的HIV感染率分别为3.1%、9.8%和7.4%,有上升趋势。潞西县HIV阳性者少,静脉注射出现时间晚,但近年来静脉吸毒者比例上升快,值得注意。 相似文献
4.
Gursel Dursun Ozan Bagis Ozgursoy Ozgur Kemal Isil Coruh 《European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology》2007,264(9):1027-1032
The purpose of this study was to present our experience with combined use of CO2 laser and cold instrumentation for Reinke’s edema surgery and to evaluate 1-year follow-up results of the technique in a
series of professional voice users. Fifteen patients with Reinke’s edema who underwent microlaryngoscopic surgery were included.
Videolaryngostroboscopy, perceptual and acoustic voice analyses were performed before and after surgery. During the 1-year
follow-up, no recurrence of Reinke’s edema was encountered. Significant postoperative improvement was obtained in the quality
of voice, in terms of GRBAS scores, Fo, jitter, shimmer and NHR. No evidence of laryngeal cancer was found on the histological
examinations. Combined use of CO2 laser and cold instrumentation provides a reliable and safe method for Reinke’s edema surgery, and cessation of smoking,
voice rest and control of the laryngopharyngeal reflux contribute to the success of surgery. We consider that the removal
of redundant mucosa of the vocal fold reduces the risk of the recurrence of Reinke’s edema and provides better quality of
voice. However, it does not imply that our method is superior to others’, but this procedure constitutes an effective treatment
of choice for Reinke’s edema patients, including professional voice users. 相似文献
5.
注射吸毒致破伤风的临床特点及分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨注射吸毒致破伤风的诊断与治疗。方法回顾性分析了9例注射吸毒者破伤风的临床资料。结果9例注射吸毒致破伤风的病人中,5例治愈,4例死亡,死亡原因:3例因呼吸肌痉挛和分泌物过多阻塞呼吸道窒息死亡,1例因呼吸衰竭死亡。结论注射后皮肤和软组织感染可认为是引起破伤风外伤伤口。注射吸毒破伤风应按重症破伤风处理。及时气管切开或气管插管机械辅助呼吸可降低死亡率。 相似文献
6.
Pilot study to enhance HIV care using needle exchange-based health services for out-of-treatment injecting drug users 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Altice Frederick L. Springer Sandra Buitrago Marta Hunt David P. Friedland Gerald H. 《Journal of urban health》2003,80(3):416-427
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in marked reductions in mortality and acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) incidence across all risk groups; however, the proportionate decrease among injecting drug
users (IDUs) has been less impressive. Much of the disparity in benefit to IDUs has been a consequence of decreased access
to and receipt of potent antiretroviral combinations. Strategies to increase access to and utilization of HAART have included
entry into drug treatment and abstinence. Unfortunately, as few as 15%–20% of active drug users in the United States, and
in many other countries, are in drug treatment at any one time. We report a pilot project among out-of-drug treatment IDUs
infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); HIV therapy was successfully provided to active heroin injectors using the
Community Health Care Van (CHCV) at sites of needle exchange. Subjects were willing to initiate, but were not receiving, recommended
HIV therapy and were not interested in formal drug treatment. Antiretroviral therapy regimens were selected and linked to
heroin injection timing. Weekly visits were scheduled by CHCV staff to assess adverse side effects and encourage adherence.
Of the 13 participants, the mean baseline HIV-1 RNA level and CD4 lymphocyte count were 162,369 (log 5.21) copies per milliliter
and 265 cells per milliliter, respectively. By 6 months, the proportion whose HIV-1 RNA was below the limits of detection
(<400 copies/mL) was 85% (N=11); 77% (N=10) had nondetectable levels by 9 months. By 12 months, 54% (N=7) had a persistently
nondetectable viral load, and the net increase in CD4 lymphocyte count was 150 cells per milliliter. As an additional and
unintended benefit of this pilot project, 9 (69%) subjects chose to enter drug treatment after achieving a nondetectable viral
load. Entry into drug treatment was associated with durability of viral suppression. This small pilot study suggests that
health services based on needle exchange may enhance access to HAART among out-of-treatment HIV-infected IDUs. In addition,
it demonstrates that this population can benefit from this therapy with the support of a nontraditional, community-based health
intervention. 相似文献
7.
目的了解揭阳市吸毒人员艾滋病病毒(HIV)及梅毒的感染状况及相关危险因素。方法采用统一的调查表.对2006年新进入戒毒所的吸毒人员进行面对面的问卷调查,同时对每一个调查对象采用一次性注射器采集静脉血3~5ml进行HIV和梅毒抗体检测。结果共监测1460名吸毒者,HIV阳性率为0.48%,梅毒感染率为10.55%:有43.84%注射毒品行为,注射毒品的吸毒者中有38.60%承认曾与他人共用注射器或针头:28.22%吸毒者承认曾通过钱或毒品交易与他人发生过性行为,16.26%的吸毒者每次与他人发生性关系时都使用安全套。结论揭阳市吸毒人群的HIV感染率较低,但存在高危行为,应加强干预等工作,阻止艾滋病由高危人群向一般人群传播。 相似文献
8.
M G Rumi R Romeo M Bortolini A Gringeri A R Zanetti P M Mannucci M Colombo 《Journal of medical virology》1989,27(1):48-51
Horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from illicit drug users to their contacts, including young children, can be prevented by active immunization against HBV. Yeast-recombinant hepatitis B vaccines are now available for this purpose, but their potential efficacy in such high-risk contacts has not yet been evaluated. Therefore we gave 20 mcg of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine to 38 children who were at high risk for HBV infection because they had been institutionalized in a community for drug users in which 8.7% of the occupants are carriers. After third dose of vaccine (at 0, 1, and 6 months), all children had anti-HBs responses with titers of 10 mIU/ml or more, with 81% showing responses greater than 1,000 mIU/ml. At 12 months, the percentage of anti-HBs-positive children was 100%, and the percentage of children with anti-HBs higher than 1,000 mIU/ml was 56%. None of the children developed HBV infection during follow-up. Hence the recombinant vaccine was immunogenic, with percentages of seroconversion and anti-HBs titers comparable with those attained in other categories of high-risk children with plasma-derived vaccines. 相似文献
9.
10.
HIV prevalence among IDUs in Australia: a methodological review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A review was carried out of Australian studies which have measured the prevalence of HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs). The review considered published studies which had reported on serologically-determined HIV prevalence. There were five studies reported from specialized sexually-transmissible disease of HIV clinics, five studies reported from health services aimed at IDUs, three studies reported from other health services and one multi-centre behavioural study. The main findings from the studies were that HIV prevalence in IDUs has been low in Australia, apart from in male IDUs who also had homosexual contact. HIV prevalence ranged from 20 to 24% in male IDUs reporting homosexual contact and from 0 to 5% in other IDUs.
The studies, while reflecting a range of research methodologies, are subject to a number of limitations. Most of the studies did not provide detailed analyses of HIV prevalence by age and sex or behavioural factors, and several studies used sampling frames which were not clearly defined. There is little available information on temporal trends in seroprevalence and geographical comparisons are rendered difficult by differences in the study methodology. Adoption of standardized, continuing seroprevalence surveys on IDUs would provide a better means of monitoring the occurrence of HIV infection in this group, which has been a key determinant of the course of the HIV epidemic in a number of Western countries. 相似文献
The studies, while reflecting a range of research methodologies, are subject to a number of limitations. Most of the studies did not provide detailed analyses of HIV prevalence by age and sex or behavioural factors, and several studies used sampling frames which were not clearly defined. There is little available information on temporal trends in seroprevalence and geographical comparisons are rendered difficult by differences in the study methodology. Adoption of standardized, continuing seroprevalence surveys on IDUs would provide a better means of monitoring the occurrence of HIV infection in this group, which has been a key determinant of the course of the HIV epidemic in a number of Western countries. 相似文献