Skin temperature and vascular attributes as early warning signs of pressure injury

ObjectivesThis study aimed to validate the skin temperature on sacral region and vascular attributes as early warning signs of pressure injury.MethodsTotally 415 patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit from August 2018 to April 2019 were prospectively screened. Daily blood pressure and blood glucose affecting vascular attributes and the relative skin temperature of sacral region were measured for 10 consecutive days. Collect the changes of these indicators during the occurrence of pressure injury. The optimal cut-off values of indicators were determined by X-tile analysis. The risk ratios of indicators associated with pressure injury were compared using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsThere were no obvious interactions among blood pressure, blood glucose and relative skin temperature (P > 0.05). The optimal cutoff value for above indicators was 63.5 mmHg, 9.9 mmol/L and −0.1 °C, respectively. The incidence of pressure injury peaked on the 4th and 5th day after hospitalization when categorizing the patients into low- and high-risk groups according to the cutoff values (P < 0.05). Based on relative skin temperature, patients in the high-risk group were more likely to develop pressure injury (hazard ratio = 6.36, 95% confidence interval = 3.91, 10.36), when compared to the other two indicators of blood pressure and blood glucose.ConclusionStringent skin temperature and vascular attributes measurements were necessary for preventing pressure injury. Nursing measures should be taken according to warning sings to reduce the incidence of pressure injury.     

Benign coital headache

We studied the natural history of patients with a diagnosis of benign coital headache who presented to a private neurological clinic between the years 1978 and 1991. Thirty-two patients (24M, 8F) were invited to participate and 26 patients (83%) responded. The period of follow-up ranged from six months to 14 years (median 6 years). Thirteen patients (50%) had recurrent attacks of coital headache epochs separated by intervals of up to 10 years. Eleven of these patients suffered a concomitant primary headache whereas this was present in only one of those patients without recurrent attacks of coital headache (p < 0.001). In all but one patient, who had a transient blurred vision, the headache was not accompanied by nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, sensory/motor disturbances, or unconsciousness. We concluded that benign coital headache can be clearly distinguished from headaches due to cerebral aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation rupture. The presence of a concomitant primary headache syndrome is a risk-factor for recurrence of coital headache.     

基于FAERS的地舒单抗安全警戒信号挖掘与评价

基于FAERS数据库挖掘安全警戒信号,分析评估地舒单抗潜在不良反应信号,为其临床使用提供一定参考依据。方法 通过Openvigil 2.1访问 FAERS 数据库,将地舒单抗作为主要药物,检索自该药首次上市时间（2010年5月—2021年9月）的数据,获得与地舒单抗相关的不良事件报告记录。使用报告比值比法（ROR）和贝叶斯置信度递进神经网络法（BCPNN）筛选地舒单抗安全警戒信号,挖掘潜在的不良反应,并通过工具BioPortal对不良事件信号挖掘结果进行系统分类,通过判断信号间置信区间的变化,发现与药物不良事件关联性较大的信号。结果 从FAERS数据库中收集到270503份不良反应事件（ADE）报告,根据ROR法和BCPNN法共得到343个不良事件信号,通过信号间同义合并、剔除与药物无关的信号后,得到316个不良事件信号。地舒单抗的不良事件系统分类主要为肌肉骨骼和结缔组织疾病、医学检查、胃肠道疾病。FAERS数据库的信号挖掘结果发现,高风险且说明书中未收录的安全警戒信号包括颞下颌关节综合征、下颌脓肿、雌激素缺乏症、血液甲状旁腺激素增加,计算高风险信号的置信区间显示颞下关节综合征较有可能发展成为新的不良反应;另外,也发现种植体周围炎为具有临床意义的可疑警戒信号,但有待进一步观察研究。结论 基于FAERS数据库的信号挖掘结果提示临床应规范使用地舒单抗,治疗期间需警惕患者是否出现颞下颌关节综合征、下颌脓肿、雌激素缺乏症、血液甲状旁腺激素增加等不良反应事件,以便尽早发现尽早处理,从而有效降低临床用药风险     

基于循证的预警性护理干预对儿童全身麻醉患者压疮的预防效果

目的探讨基于循证的预警性护理干预对儿童全身麻醉患者压疮的预防效果。方法选择2020年1月至2020年6月我院收治的全身麻醉患儿288例,随机分为两组各144例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予基于循证的预警性护理干预。比较两组的压疮发生率以及护理满意度。结果观察组的压疮发生率为4.17%,显著低于对照组的11.11%(P<0.05)。观察组的护理满意度为98.61%,显著高于对照组的90.97%(P<0.05)。结论基于循证的预警性护理干预可以降低儿童全身麻醉患者的压疮发生率,提高护理满意度。     

基于SMOTE算法的化疗肿瘤患者下呼吸道感染预警模型构建

 目的 构建基于少数类样本合成过抽样技术（synthetic minority over-sampling technique,SMOTE）算法的化学治疗（化疗）肿瘤患者下呼吸道感染预警模型。方法 共纳入西宁市4所三级医院2019年1月-2021年6月收治的2 384例接受化疗的肿瘤患者为研究对象,将所收集病例按照7：3的比例随机分为建模组1 668例和验证组716例,建模组数据用来建立模型,验证组数据对所建立的模型进行验证,利用单因素比较和logistic回归分析筛选下呼吸道感染影响因素,基于SMOTE算法建立化疗肿瘤患者下呼吸道感染预警模型。结果 logistic回归分析可得,年龄（x₁）、身体质量指数（BMI）值是否正常（x₂）、恶性肿瘤分期（x₃）、吸烟史（x₄）、合并糖尿病（x₅）、合并肺部疾病（x₆）均是化疗肿瘤患者下呼吸道感染的危险因素（均P<0.01）,获得原始数据预警模型：Logit（P）=0.055x₁+0.967x₂-0.195x₃+1.383x₄+0.968x₅+0.939x₆-14.073和基于SMOTE算法的预警模型：Logit（P）=0.090x₁+1.092x₂-0.249x₃+1.724x₄+1.136x₅+1.344x₆-14.859。基于SMOTE算法预警模型AUC为0.949（95%CI：0.937~0.961）,高于原始数据预警模型AUC 0.780（95%CI：0.734~0.846）。结论 基于SMOTE算法所构建的预警模型能更准确预警化疗肿瘤患者下呼吸道感染,有效解决感染与非感染患者样本数据不平衡所导致的预测误差,基于预测模型可选择相应的对策进行应对。     

Criteria for intensive care unit admission and severity of illness

Intensive care is a specialist area of the hospital with concentration of resources and expertise to look after critically unwell patients. No set criteria exist for admission to intensive care, although patients usually have severe illness associated with physiological dysfunction and actual or impending organ failure. There are multiple scoring systems designed to assess severity of illness, all with significant limitations. The National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS-2) is a commonly used ‘track and trigger’ system designed to detect and respond to the unwell or deteriorating patient. NEWS-2 is marker of physiological disturbance and high scores correlate with intensive care admission and mortality. Looking at the elective and emergency surgical population, patients at high risk of complications should be admitted to intensive care postoperatively. Increasing age, comorbidities, poor exercise tolerance and major surgical intervention are associated with adverse outcomes. Admission to intensive care often requires difficult time-critical decisions to be made with limited information. Intensive care admission can be the difference between life and death, but there are both physical and psychological harm associated with invasive organ support. The four pillars of medical ethics – autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice – can be used to guide these decisions.     

Early warning signals for Omicron outbreaks in China: A retrospective study

The Omicron variant has become the dominant COVID-19 variant worldwide due to its rapid and cryptic spread. Therefore, successful early warning is of great importance to be able to control epidemics in their early phase, before developing into large outbreaks. COVID-19-related Baidu search index, which reflects human behavior to a certain degree, was used to retrospectively detect the warning signs for Omicron variant outbreaks in China in 2022. The characteristics and effects of warning signs were analyzed in detail. We detected the presence of early warning signs (both high and low thresholds) and found that these occurred 4–7 days earlier than traditional epidemiological surveillance and >20 days earlier than the implementation of the local “lockdown” policy. Compared with the “high threshold” warning, the early warning effect of the “low threshold” is also vital because it indicates a negligence about epidemic prevention and control. However, there is obvious heterogeneity in the optimal threshold for detecting early warning signs and their distribution in different cities. Multi-source and multi-point early warning systems should be established via combining internet-based big data in the future to conduct effective and early real-time warning. This would create precious time for the early control of COVID-19 outbreaks.     

中药知识产权保护研究的若干前沿问题

本文着重就迄今为止中药知识产权保护研究的若干较薄弱的方面作了评述，建议国家有关部门应重视中药产业现代化发展进程所出现的一些知识产权保护的新问题，组织深入探讨和研究，建立预警机制。建议部分包括：数字化与中药知识产权；中药GAP农业的知识产权保护；中医药传统知识的国际保护；中药生物遗传资源的知识产权保护机制；中药技术标准壁垒与知识产权保护；中药产业国际合作的知识产权保护策略等。