异丙酚复合芬太尼维持麻醉对脑代谢的影响

观察异丙酚复合芬太尼维持麻醉对脑代谢的影响。方法： 择期手术病人８ 例, 芬太尼、硫贲妥钠、维库溴铵诱导插管, 静脉联接Ｇｒａｓｅｂｙ 微泵异丙酚８ ｍｇ／ （ｋｇ·ｈ） , 芬太尼１ μｇ／ （ｋｇ·ｈ）维持麻醉。连续监测ＭＡＰ、心电图、脉搏氧饱和度和呼气末二氧化碳分压, 同步采集动脉血和颈内静脉血作血气分析, 计算动－ 静脉氧含量差（Ｄａ － ｖＯ２） 和脑氧摄取率（ＥＲＯ２） 。结果： 异丙酚麻醉维持平稳, Ｄａ － ｖＯ２ 和ＥＲＯ２ 在给药３０ ｍｉｎ 、６０ ｍｉｎ 较气管插管后５ ｍｉｎ 无明显改变, 有平均动脉压下降和心动过缓。结论： 异丙酚复合芬太尼维持麻醉可保持脑氧供需平衡稳定。     

Cefquinome-loaded microsphere formulations against Klebsiella pneumonia infection during experimental infections

The aim of this study was to prepare cefquinome-loaded polylactic acid microspheres and to evaluate their in vitro and in vivo characteristics and pharmacodynamics for the therapy of pneumonia in a rat model. Microspheres were prepared using a 0.7?mm two-fluid nozzle spray drier in one step resulting in spherical and smooth microspheres of uniform size (9.8?±?3.6?μm). The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of cefquinome were 91.6?±?2.6% and 18.7?±?1.2%, respectively. In vitro release of cefquinome from the microspheres was sustained for 36?h. Cefquinome-loaded polylactic acid microspheres as a drug delivery system was successful for clearing experimental Klebsiella pneumonia lung infections. A decrease in inflammatory cells and an inhibition of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 after microspheres treatment was found. Changes in cytokine levels and types are secondary manifestations of drug bactericidal effects. Rats were considered to be microbiologically cured because the bacterial load was less than 100 CFU/g. These results also indicated that the spray-drying method of loading therapeutic drug into polylactic acid microspheres is a straightforward and safe method for lung-targeting therapy in animals.     

New spray congealing atomizer for the microencapsulation of highly concentrated solid and liquid substances

A new pneumatic atomizer for spray congealing, called wide pneumatic nozzle (WPN), was developed. To evaluate its performance, microparticles containing highly concentrated either solid drug (Propafenone hydrochloride, PRF) or liquid nutraceutical (Vitamin E, VE) have been prepared and characterized. The results showed that the spray congealing nozzle enabled the production of spherical and not aggregated microparticles with high yields (95% w/w) and relatively narrow size distributions; moreover, increasing the viscosity of the suspension from 50 to 500 mPa s, the particle size increased. The loading of the drug was high for microspheres (50% for PRF and 30% for VE) and the encapsulation efficiency was good for all formulations. The drug release was easily modified according to the nature of the used excipients, as both lipophilic (carnauba wax, cetearyl and stearyl alcohols) and hydrophilic (PEG 4000) carriers were employed. Moreover the results evidenced that it was possible to encapsulate actives (VE) that are in a liquid form and to enhance their availability. In conclusion the developed spray congealing nozzle was able to nebulize very viscous systems that are usually not processed by conventional apparatus and to produce microspheres with high and uniform drug content.     

激波诱导圆形矢量喷管数值研究

利用时间推进的有限体积法求解三维雷诺平均N-S方程，对激波诱导矢量控制方案的圆形收敛-扩张喷管全流场进行了数值模拟。本文从射流压强比及落压比的变化计算了次流对主流的控制效果。结果表明，利用激波诱导方式可有效的迫使主流偏转，在落压比为4、射流压强比为1.499时，矢量偏转角最大可以达到15.35ｏ。通过分析，圆形喷管中形成的激波为三维曲面激波，结构比较复杂，数值研究可观察到清晰的流场结构，为试验研究提供参考。     

压力旋流喷染技术在血涂片染色中的研究与应用

针对人工滴染血涂片出现的染色不均匀、效率较低等问题,提出一种基于压力旋流雾化喷头对血涂片进行喷染的方法。采用数值模拟与实验相结合的方法对瑞氏-姬姆萨染液雾化过程进行分析,并探索最佳喷染参数。首先利用ANSYS软件仿真计算染液在喷头内部的流动状态,然后使用相机和喷雾激光粒度仪搭建喷头外部雾化场实验平台,喷头外部入口压力分别选取0.10、0.12、0.14、0.16、0.18、0.20、0.22、0.24 MPa,测量染液的雾化角以及喷头正下方10~50 mm的雾化区域内测量点的雾滴粒径参数(D_v10,D_v90和雾滴体积中径D_v50),计算粒度分布跨度S,并在此基础上开展血涂片喷染研究,并对比了人工滴染和喷染后的细胞图像背景灰度参数。仿真结果表明:染液在压力旋流雾化喷头出口处形成高速液膜,为形成雾化场提供理论依据。实验结果表明:当喷头入口压力为0.20 MPa时,距离喷头正下方35 mm处喷染界面具备最优的雾化质量,此时喷头雾化角为76.13°,雾滴体积中径为75 μm,雾滴粒度分布跨度为1.72。基于该参数条件进行喷染后的细胞图像背景灰度参数与滴染相比存在显著性差异(P＜0.01),喷染后的细胞图像背景灰度显著降低。研究结果表明,压力旋流雾化喷头可以应用于血涂片染色,并且喷染后的血涂片染色均匀,具备良好的染色效果,为血涂片染色提供了新的方案。     

中压搪玻璃设备在制造中难题探析

搪玻璃设备广泛应用于化工、医药等行业,为满足生产工艺的要求,进行了中压搪玻璃的设计与制造。重点谈了中压搪玻璃设备在设计及制造中应该注意的几个问题。     

外科新技术-水刀(Water jet scalpel)

介绍近年出现的外科新技术—水刀(water jet scalpel)及其在肝胆外科、颌面外科、骨外科、神经外科、泌尿外科、耳鼻喉科和眼科手术中的应用。     

喷嘴噪声性能的实验研究

应用麦克风、频谱分析软件等相关工具，研究了三通道喷嘴无水条件下的噪声性能。实验结果表明：随着三通道气流马，赫数逐渐增大，噪声强度随之增大，峰值频率基本不变，但能量变强；随着一通道气流马赫数增大，噪声强度先减小后增大，并且频谱图上出现高频峰，该峰能量逐渐变强；改变一、三通道气体喷口流速比，噪声强度呈现减小、增大、减小的非均匀变化趋势，峰值频率逐渐变大。     

三通道空气气流式喷嘴的雾化性能

研究了三通道气流式喷嘴的雾化性能。实验结果表明，当气量在一、三通道间的分配不变时，滴径随总气体流量的约1．13次方单调减小，随液体流量的约0．38次方单调增加，随操作负荷的约0．75次方减小。当气体总量、液体流量不变时，滴径随一、三通道气量比的增加，呈现先增后减的非单调变化趋势。