压力旋流喷染技术在血涂片染色中的研究与应用

针对人工滴染血涂片出现的染色不均匀、效率较低等问题,提出一种基于压力旋流雾化喷头对血涂片进行喷染的方法。采用数值模拟与实验相结合的方法对瑞氏-姬姆萨染液雾化过程进行分析,并探索最佳喷染参数。首先利用ANSYS软件仿真计算染液在喷头内部的流动状态,然后使用相机和喷雾激光粒度仪搭建喷头外部雾化场实验平台,喷头外部入口压力分别选取0.10、0.12、0.14、0.16、0.18、0.20、0.22、0.24 MPa,测量染液的雾化角以及喷头正下方10~50 mm的雾化区域内测量点的雾滴粒径参数(D_v10,D_v90和雾滴体积中径D_v50),计算粒度分布跨度S,并在此基础上开展血涂片喷染研究,并对比了人工滴染和喷染后的细胞图像背景灰度参数。仿真结果表明:染液在压力旋流雾化喷头出口处形成高速液膜,为形成雾化场提供理论依据。实验结果表明:当喷头入口压力为0.20 MPa时,距离喷头正下方35 mm处喷染界面具备最优的雾化质量,此时喷头雾化角为76.13°,雾滴体积中径为75 μm,雾滴粒度分布跨度为1.72。基于该参数条件进行喷染后的细胞图像背景灰度参数与滴染相比存在显著性差异(P＜0.01),喷染后的细胞图像背景灰度显著降低。研究结果表明,压力旋流雾化喷头可以应用于血涂片染色,并且喷染后的血涂片染色均匀,具备良好的染色效果,为血涂片染色提供了新的方案。

Research and Application of Pressure Swirl Spray Technique for Blood Smear Staining

To solve the problems of uneven staining and low efficiency of manual staining blood smear, a method of blood smear spraying based on pressure swirl atomizing nozzle was proposed. Numerical simulation and experiments were performed to analyze the atomization process of Wright-Giemsa stain and investigate the best spray parameters. Firstly, ANSYS software was used to numerically simulate the flow state of the staining solution in the nozzle. Then, the external atomization field test platform of the nozzle was built using a spray laser particle size analyzer and camera. When the external inlet pressure of the nozzle was 0.10, 0.12, 0.14, 0.16, 0.18, 0.20, 0.22 and 0.24 MPa, the spray angle of the staining solution and the atomization particle size parameters (D_v10,D_v90 and droplet volume median diameter D_v50) of the measuring point in the atomization area from 10 mm to 50 mm directly below the nozzle were measured respectively. Afterwards, the distribution span of particle size S was calculated. In addition, blood smear spray staining experiment was carried out to compare the background grayscale parameters of the cell images after drip staining and spray staining. The simulation results showed that staining solution forms a high-speed liquid film at the outlet of the pressure swirl atomizing nozzle, which provided a theoretical basis for the formation of atomization field. The experimental results demonstrated that the best atomization quality was achieved when the nozzle inlet pressure was 0.20 MPa and the spray interface was located 35 mm below the nozzle. The spray angle of the nozzle was 76.13°, the droplet volume median diameter was 75 μm, and the distribution span of particle size was 1.72. Under this condition, the gray parameters of cell image background after spray staining and drip staining were significantly different (P＜0.01), and the gray of cell image background after spray staining was significantly reduced. In conclusion, the pressure swirl atomizing nozzle can be used in blood smear staining to improve the staining efficiency and obtain the uniform staining, which provides a new solution for blood smear staining.