Clinical clues for differential diagnosis between verruca plana and verruca plana‐like seborrheic keratosis

Sometimes the clinical differentiation between verruca plana (VP) and VP‐like seborrheic keratosis (SK) could be challenged. However, there have been no studies on this issue to date. The aim of this study was to elucidate clinical and dermoscopic differences between these two diseases, and also to suggest a diagnostic algorithm of VP and VP‐like SK without skin biopsy. The patients who had lesions clinically considered as VP or VP‐like SK were the target of our study. We took clinical and dermoscopic photos with informed consent and conducted a questionnaire. All patients had their diagnoses confirmed by biopsy. Thirty‐three patients were enrolled in our study. Seventeen patients were finally diagnosed with VP (51.5%) and 16 patients with VP‐like SK (48.5%). In clinical findings, VP‐like SK showed significantly more scattered distribution than VP (P = 0.039), which exhibited more clustered or grouped distribution (P = 0.039). In dermoscopic findings, brain‐like appearance was more commonly observed in VP‐like SK (P = 0.003) whereas VP showed more red dots or globular vessels (P = 0.017) and even‐colored light brown to yellow patch (P < 0.001). Sex, onset age, the size of each lesion, location, color and shape showed no significant differences between them (P > 0.05). Based on our results, we suggest a diagnostic algorithm using Koebner's phenomenon, dermoscopic findings, distribution of each lesion and biopsy for multiple VP‐like lesions in adults, and we think it will be a very useful diagnostic tool in daily clinical dermatological practice.     

Conjunctival flap advancement with or without scleral graft for hypotony maculopathy after trabeculectomy

AIM: To introduce a novel technique for transscleral fixation of the PC-IOL that requires no sutures on the IOL haptics. METHODS: Instead of suturing polypropylene onto the IOL haptics, the method simply winds the thread on the haptics. Fifteen eyes of 15 patients underwent this technique and were followed up for more than 18 months. Surgical outcomes and post-operative complications were evaluated and compared with those of the conventional transscleral fixation method. RESULTS: Postoperative cylinder was significantly lower in the thread winding group than in the conventional transscleral fixation method group (-1.02±0.46 diopters vs -1.57±0.77 diopters; P=0.01). Further, no postoperative complications, such as optic capture, IOL dislocation, and hyphema, were detected in the thread winding group. CONCLUSION: We believe that our thread winding technique is better than previously reported methods because it is simple, mechanically stable, and free from suture-related complications.     

玻璃体切除术联合睫状体平部切口摘除球内异物

报道玻璃体切除术联合睫状体平部切口摘除球内异物的联合手术，治疗眼球后段异物８例８眼。其中，３眼为非磁性异物，５眼为磁性异物，均一次手术成功取出异物。介绍了此联合手术的方法，并对其意义、适应证以及手术前的准备进行了较为详细的讨论，对其并发症的处理和预防也作了叙述。     

Scleral buckling combined with internal cyclopexy for severe traumatic cyclodialysis cleft in open globe injuries

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of scleral buckling combined with internal cyclopexy on the treatment of severe traumatic cyclodialysis cleft in open globe injuries (OGIS). This retrospective study recruited 10 patients of 10 eyes. With our surgical intervention, all the 10 eyes achieved retinal and ciliary body anatomic re-attachment. The choroidal ruptures in nine eyes were closed with complete choroidal reattachment. Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity of nine eyes had various improvements. The mean intraocular pressure was increased from 8.9±2.6 mm Hg to 13.4±4.4 mm Hg. Eventually, six eyes underwent silicone oil (SO) removal without complications, two eyes still had SO tamponade and two eyes became SO-dependent eyes. The result shows that internal direct cyclopexy combined with scleral buckling is an effective treatment for severe traumatic cyclodialysis cleft in OGIS.     

高度近视性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切割术后早期高眼压的药物治疗

目的：通过观察高度近视性黄斑裂孔不伴视网膜脱离患者行玻璃体切割术后早期发生高眼压应用降压药物的疗效,以明确单独或联合应用拉坦前列素滴眼液的降压效果。

方法：于我院行23G玻切联合C₃F₈注入的高度近视性黄斑裂孔不伴视网膜脱离患者188例205眼; 监测术后1wk内的眼压。当眼压介于22～29mmHg时设为A组,随机加用盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液(A1组)或拉坦前列素滴眼液(A2组); 当介于30～39mmHg时设为B组,随机加用盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液+酒石酸溴莫尼定滴眼液(B1组)或盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液+拉坦前列腺素滴眼液(B2组); 当高及40mmHg及以上时,设为C组,20%甘露醇快速静脉滴注1次,并随机加用盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液+酒石酸溴莫尼定滴眼液+布林佐胺滴眼液(C1组)或盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液+酒石酸溴莫尼定滴眼液+拉坦前列腺素滴眼液(C2组)。连续观察3d,眼压降至21mmHg及以下时则视为有效,比较不同用药3d内的降压有效率、降压幅度及平均有效作用时间。

结果：符合研究标准的术后高眼压共89眼,发生于前3d共70眼(78.6%)。A组共31眼,A1组14眼,A2组17眼; 有效例数分别为5例(35.7%)、13例(76.5%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.24,P=0.03); 降压幅度分别为4.21±1.22mmHg(24%)、8.76±3.03mmHg(29.6%),差异有统计学意义(t=5.73,P<0.05); 平均有效作用时间分别为2.80±0.45、2.08±0.49d,差异有统计学意义(t=2.85,P=0.012)。B组共32眼,B1组17眼,B2组15眼,有效例数分别为9例(52.9%)、11例(73.3%),差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.40,P=0.30); 降压幅度分别为10.59±2.72mmHg(36.9%)、16.53±2.67mmHg(43.8%),差异有统计学意义(t=6.27,P<0.05); 平均有效作用时间分别为2.56±0.53、1.63±0.67d,差异有统计学意义(t=3.34,P=0.004)。C组共26眼,C1组14眼,C2组12眼,有效例数分别为9例(64.3%)、8例(66. 7%),差异无统计学意义(P=0.70); 降压幅度分别为22.00mmHg(51.0%)、31.45mmHg(59.3%),差异有统计学意义(t=18.35,P<0.05); 平均有效作用时间分别为2.63±0.52、1.80±0.63d,差异有统计学意义(t=2.97,P=0.009)。

结论：高度近视性黄斑裂孔玻璃体切割术后伴发高眼压的比率较高,一般发生在术后3d内,单独或联合应用拉坦前列素滴眼液可以有效降低眼压。     

艾拉光动力联合咪喹莫特乳膏治疗扁平疣的疗效

目的：观察艾拉光动力联合5%咪喹莫特乳膏治疗扁平疣的临床疗效。方法选取2010年5月至2014年10月收治的81例扁平疣患者,随机分为观察组41例与对照组40例。对照组患者仅给予5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法,而观察组患者在光动力治疗基础上再于患处涂抹5%咪喹莫特乳膏8周。治疗结束后连续3个月观察两组患者的临床疗效与复发情况并比较分析。结果观察组患者的总有效率为100.00%,高于对照组的92.50%,两组差异无统计学意义（ P ﹥0.05）;②观察组患者复发率为5.26%,而对照组患者复发率为28.57%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）。结论艾拉光动力联合5%咪喹莫特乳膏治疗扁平疣可以有效提高临床疗效,降低复发率。     

193例感染性眼内炎患者致病原因及临床特点分析

目的　对感染性眼内炎的致病原因、临床诊治及其特点进行分析,为该病的防治提供参考资料。方法　对2014年1月至2017年6月诊治于南昌大学第二附属医院的193例(193眼)感染性眼内炎患者进行回顾性分析,统计患者的致病因素、病原学、治疗及预后等特点。结果　所有患者中外伤性眼内炎137例（71.0%）,铁器类、木制品和物体类是致病的主要原因;眼部手术后感染性眼内炎35例（18.1%）,以白内障和青光眼术后为主;内源性眼内炎15例（7.8%）,以不明原因的病例为主;感染性角膜炎导致者6例（3.1%）。181例患者病原菌培养阳性率为13.3%,以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和草绿色链球菌为主要病原菌。眼部手术后及内源性眼内炎患者合并有糖尿病和（或）高血压易感因素的比例较高,玻璃体切割术是主要的治疗方式。感染性眼内炎患者治疗前最佳矫正视力无光感~0.02者占比为86.2%,治疗后无光感~0.02者占比为62.9%、≥0.10者占比为24.9%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001);其中治疗前后视力有统计学差异的是外伤性及眼部手术后患者,内源性眼内炎患者治疗前后视力比较无统计学差异。感染性角膜炎导致者视力大部分无光感。结论　外伤性和眼部手术后眼内炎是感染性眼内炎的两种主要类型,玻璃体切割术是主要的治疗手段。感染性眼内炎经不同的方式积极治疗后可以控制感染,改善视功能。     

经睫状体平坦部行颞上或鼻下Baerveldt青光眼植入术的短期临床疗效比较

目的:研究并探讨Baerveldt青光眼植入术(BGI)的不同植入部位对眼压(IOP)的影响。方法:对日本Toho大学Sakura医疗中心接受BGI治疗的新生血管性青光眼的病例进行回顾性分析。所有患者分为两组:颞上植入组(16例患者18眼,其中男性13例,女性3例;平均年龄62.9±14.4岁)和鼻下植入组(15例患者17眼,其中男性11例,女性4例;平均年龄56.9±10.7岁)。术后12mo随访复查。比较两组术后12mo与术前相比的眼压降低率。结果:颞上植入组:术前平均IOP为31.1±10.0 mmHg,术后平均IOP为14.4±4.5 mmHg;鼻下植入组:术前平均IOP为34.9±9.7 mmHg,术后平均IOP为15.9±3.7 mmHg。颞上植入组IOP降低率为(50.0±19.0)%,鼻下植入组降低率为(51.2±16.3)%。两组间无显著统计学差异(t-test,P=0.590)。结论:经睫状体平坦部行颞上或鼻下BGI的短期临床疗效无差异。     

23G PPV联合通脉糖眼明胶囊对PDR患者疗效及血清胰岛素相关因子的影响

目的：探究23G玻璃体切割术(PPV)后口服通脉糖眼明胶囊对增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)患者的临床疗效。

方法：前瞻性随机对照研究。选取2018-02/2019-10我院收治的PDR患者98例109眼,随机分为对照组49例54眼仅行23G PPV术,观察组49例55眼23G PPV术后口服通脉糖眼明胶囊治疗,每次750mg,3次/天,疗程12wk。记录两组患者术前、术后12wk最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、视野敏感度、黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT),测定血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的变化,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR); 随访12wk观察手术并发症及复发率。

结果：术后12wk,两组患者BCVA(LogMAR)、视野敏感度较术前改善(P<0.001),CMT下降(P<0.001),眼压无变化(P>0.05); 观察组术后12wk BCVA、视野敏感度优于对照组(P<0.05),CMT低于对照组(P<0.05); 术后12wk,两组患者血清IGF-1、VEGF、HOMA-IR均较术前降低(P<0.001),且观察组均低于对照组(P<0.001); 两组并发症及复发率无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：23G PPV术后口服通脉糖眼明胶囊较单独手术治疗更能促进术后视力恢复,提升视野敏感度,减轻胰岛素抵抗,降低IGF-1及VEGF水平,抑制视网膜新生血管生成及增殖,降低复发。     

Assessment of the differences in the short-term clinical outcomes of superotemporal and inferonasal Baerveldt glaucoma implantation surgeries performed via the pars plana route

AIM: To investigate and discover whether different insertion areas for Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) surgery produce different outcomes in terms of the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: This retrospective study involved the review of cases of patients admitted at Toho University Sakura Medical Center, who underwent BGI surgery via the pars plana route for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma. The patients were divided into two groups: the superotemporal insertion group [18 eyes in 16 subjects (13 males, 3 females; mean age 62.9±14.4y)] and the inferonasal insertion group [17 eyes in 15 subjects (11 males, 4 females; mean age 56.9±10.7y)]. The patients were followed up and re-evaluated at 12mo. The IOP reduction rate 12mo after surgery relative to preoperative IOP was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean preoperative IOP was 31.1±10.0 mm Hg and postoperative IOP was 14.4±4.5 mm Hg in the superotemporal group, whereas for the inferonasal group, the mean preoperative IOP was 34.9±9.7 mm Hg and postoperative IOP was 15.9±3.7 mm Hg. The IOP reduction rate of the superotemporal group was 50.0%±19.0% and that of the inferonasal group was 51.2%±16.3%. There was no significant correlation between the two groups (Student’s t-test, P=0.590). CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the short-term clinical outcomes between superotemporal and inferonasal BGI performed via the pars plana route.