面颈部多发性毛母质瘤1例报告及文献复习

毛母质瘤是一种少见的起源于有向毛母质细胞分化的原始上皮胚芽细胞的毛源性良性肿瘤。多发性毛母质瘤少见。本文报告1例面颈部多发病例,并结合有关文献资料进行讨论。     

毛母质瘤的超声表现及其分型

目的 探讨毛母质瘤的声像图特点和超声分型的价值。方法 回顾性分析71例经手术及病理证实的毛母质瘤的临床和超声声像图资料,根据声像图特征进行分型。结果 毛母质瘤位于皮下,呈实性或混合性回声。根据内部回声特点,将其分为6型。Ⅰ型:单纯强回声型,14例(14/71,19.72%);Ⅱ型:低回声伴点状强回声型,20例(20/71,28.17%);Ⅲ型:低回声伴斑片状强回声型,13例(13/71,18.31%);Ⅳ型:均匀低回声型,16例(16/71,22.54%);Ⅴ型:厚壁无回声型,5例(5/71,7.04%);Ⅵ型:不均匀高回声型,3例(3/71,4.23%)。结论 各型毛母质瘤超声表现具有一定特征性,有助于临床诊断。     

Pilomatrixoma: A description of two cases diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration

The present work reports on the findings obtained by fine-needle aspiration of two pilomatrixomas located on the upper limbs whose diagnosis was confirmed histologically. in both cases, the cytology disclosed a proliferation of small round basaloid cells that were dispersed and grouped in clusters together with squamous cells and abundant multinucleate giant cells. the differential diagnosis with other neoplasms is discussed. © 1995 Wiley- Liss, Inc.     

儿童水疱型毛母质瘤16例临床病理分析

目的 分析儿童水疱型毛母质瘤的临床病理特点。方法 对2013—2017年就诊于北京儿童医院皮肤科的16例水疱型毛母质瘤患者进行临床病理分析。结果 16例患者中,男5例,女11例。发病年龄4个月至11岁,中位发病年龄8.5岁。病程2个月至4年,平均病程10个月。发病部位：上肢10例（上臂7例、肩部2例、前臂1例）,面部4例,颈部2例。皮损表现为局限性可推动的红色肿物,呈水疱样外观,部分皮损表面可见毛细血管扩张,肿物直径0.5 ~ 3 cm,触诊水疱内可及质硬结节。皮肤镜下,16例患者皮损见红色均匀背景,13例见白色无结构区,4例见蓝灰色无结构区,11例见线状或树枝状不规则血管,15例患者同时有多种皮肤镜表现。皮损均予手术切除,随访1 ~ 5年无复发。组织病理：肿瘤位于真皮中下部,主要由基底样细胞及影细胞组成,还可见介于上述两种细胞之间的过渡细胞。肿瘤间质中见不同程度炎症细胞浸润及纤维结缔组织增生和钙化,部分可见多核巨细胞。表皮和瘤体之间真皮内见不同程度的炎症细胞浸润、淋巴管扩张及弹性纤维减少或缺失。结论 儿童水疱型毛母质瘤好发于上肢及面颈部,组织病理特点为肿瘤由基底样细胞及影细胞构成,真皮内淋巴管扩张、弹性纤维减少,皮肤镜下以红色背景、白色无结构区为特征。     

Pilomatrixomas presenting as vascular tumors on color Doppler ultrasound

Diagnosis of pilomatrixomas may be difficult because they can mimic other clinical conditions. Color Doppler ultrasound had been proven useful in the study of localized lesions of the skin and can both define lesion morphology and determine blood flow changes in real time, and may thus help differentiate primary from secondary vascular skin lesions. We present 3 cases of pilomatrixomas that mimic vascular lesions of the skin on physical examination. Clinical, sonographic, intraoperative, and histologic images are provided to highlight the nature of these challenging cases.     

Calcified pilomatrixoma of the breast: mammographic and sonographic findings

The authors report the ultrasonographic and mammographic features of a case of pilomatrixoma of the breast, a rare benign neoplasm originating from the hair matrix.     

Complicated Giant Pilomatrixoma of the Parotid Region

Objective

Pilomatrixoma (calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe) is a benign soft tissue tumour arising from dermis or subcutaneous tissue which should be considered in differential diagnosis of preauricular lesions especially when skin fixation is present.

Case Report

Twenty-three year old male referred to our clinic with complaint of left preauricular swelling over 18 months which enlarged and became painful in the last 2 months. Because the lesion showed signs of infection, surgery was planned after medical therapy was completed. FNAB suggest pleomorphic adenoma as preliminary diagnosis. US or MRI showed no specific feature.

Treatment and Prognosis

Total excision, superficial parotidectomy with facial nerve sparing was performed after regression of infectious signs. Postoperatively no recurrence was detected.

Conclusion

Pilomatrixomas are benign tumours but have diagnostic difficulties according to clinical and cytologic findings. This rare lesion should be kept in mind to avoid misdiagnosis as malign parotid tumours, particularly in the presence of skin change.

     

The calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe in children: a 15-year experience

The calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe is a benign tumour of hair-cell matrix, from which it derives its name of pilomatrixoma. Although a relatively benign lesion, diagnostic difficulty may arise and the definitive diagnosis of these firm subcutaneous tumours is often made only after histological analysis. Over 15 years, 46 patients have had 51 lesions excised. A brief historical overview is presented.