2型糖尿病患者不同脂质参数与糖尿病肾病的关系

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者不同脂质参数与糖尿病肾病(DKD)发生的相关性。方法:检测226例T2DM患者血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平及相关生化指标,计算血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP)以及脂质三角相关指标(TC/HDL-C、TG/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C)。根据DKD临床诊断标准和Mogensen分期标准分为:Ⅰ~Ⅱ期组136例,Ⅲ期组55例,Ⅳ~Ⅴ期组35例。应用多因素logistic回归分析不同脂质参数与DKD发生的关系。结果:与Ⅰ~Ⅱ期组相比,随着DKD分期加重,TC、TG、LDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C、AIP水平明显增高(P<0.01)。LDL-C/HDL-C和AIP与24 h尿蛋白水平呈正相关(r=0.724;r=0.769,均P<0.05)。LDL-C/HDL-C和AIP是T2DM合并DKD患者的独立预测因子(P=0.002;P=0.004)。结论:LDL-C/HDL-C和AIP对T2DM合并DKD病情进展有较高的预测价值,可为临床诊治提供参考。     

Endogenous motion of liver correlates to the severity of portal hypertension

BACKGROUND Degree of portal hypertension(PH) is the most important prognostic factor for the decompensation of liver cirrhosis and death, therefore adequate care for patients with liver cirrhosis requires timely detection and evaluation of the presence of clinically significant PH(CSPH) and severe PH(SPH). As the most accurate method for the assessment of PH is an invasive direct measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG), the search for non-invasive methods to diagnose these conditions is actively ongoing.AIM To evaluate the feasibility of parameters of endogenously induced displacements and strain of liver to assess degree of PH.METHODS Of 36 patients with liver cirrhosis and measured HVPG were included in the casecontrol study. Endogenous motion of the liver was characterized by derived parameters of region average tissue displacement signal(dantero, dretro, d RMS) and results of endogenous tissue strain imaging using specific radiofrequency signal processing algorithm. Average endogenous strain μ and standard deviation σ of strain were assessed in the regions of interest(ROI)(1 cm × 1 cm and 2 cm × 2 cm in size) and different frequency subbands of endogenous motion(0-10 Hz and 10-20 Hz).RESULTS Four parameters showed statistically significant(P 0.05) correlation with HVPG measurement. The strongest correlation was obtained for the standard deviation of strain(estimated at 0-10 Hz and 2 cm × 2 cm ROI size). Three parameters showed statistically significant differences between patient groups with CSPH, but only dretro showed significant results in SPH analysis. According to ROC analysis area under the curve(AUC) of the σROI[0…10 Hz, 2 cm × 2 cm] parameter reached 0.71(P = 0.036) for the diagnosis of CSPH; with a cut-off value of 1.28 μm/cm providing 73% sensitivity and 70% specificity. AUC for the diagnosis of CSPH for μROI[0…10 Hz, 1 cm × 1 cm] was 0.78(P = 0.0024); with a cut-off value of 3.92 μm/cm providing 73% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Dretro parameter had an AUC of 0.86(P = 0.0001) for the diagnosis of CSPH and 0.84(P = 0.0001) for the diagnosis of SPH. A cut-off value of-132.34 μm yielded 100% sensitivity for both conditions, whereas specificity was 80% and 72% for CSPH and SPH respectively.CONCLUSION The parameters of endogenously induced displacements and strain of the liver correlated with HVPG and might be used for non-invasive diagnosis of PH.     

A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of non-operative management in patients with high grade liver injury

IntroductionThe liver is the most frequently damaged organ in blunt abdominal trauma. It is widely accepted that hemodynamically stable patients with low-grade liver trauma should be treated with non-operative management, however there is controversy surrounding its safety and efficacy in high-grade trauma. The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of non-operative management in patients with high-grade liver trauma.MethodsPubMed and reference lists of PubMed articles were searched to find studies that examined the efficacy of non-operative management in high-grade liver injury patients, and compare it to operative management. Non-operative management was considered successful if rescue surgery was avoided. Outcomes considered were success, mortality, and complication rates.ResultsThe electronic search revealed 2662 records, 8 of which met the inclusion criteria. All 8 studies contained results suggesting that non-operative management was safe and effective in hemodynamically stable patients with high-grade liver trauma. By combining the outcomes of the different studies, non-operative management had a high success rate of 92.4% (194/210) in high-grade liver trauma patients, which was near the overall 95.0% non-operative management success rate. Non-operative management also had mortality and complication rates of 4.6% (9/194) and 9.7% (7/72) in high-grade injury patients, respectively, compared to operative management's 17.6% (26/148) and 45.5% (5/11).ConclusionNon-operative management of liver trauma is safe and effective in hemodynamically stable patients with high-grade liver injury. It is associated with significantly lower mortality compared with operative management. More studies are required to evaluate complications of non-operative management in high-grade liver injury.     

气管插管型喉罩通气道与直接喉镜经口气管插管对血流动力学影响的比较

目的 气管插管型喉罩通气道（ILMA）为气管插管提供了一种新型途径，而且有望减轻气管插管时的心血管应激反应。但是，现有的研究结果并不一致。本研究目的在于：（1）进一步观察气管插管型喉罩通气道（ILMA）经口气管插管对血流动力学的影响；（2）证实经口气管插管时，气管插管型喉罩通气道（ILMA）是否能够比直接喉镜（DLS）产生较轻微的血流动力学反应。方法 择期整形外科手术患者53例，随机分为ILMA组和DLS组，经常规静脉诱导后气管插管。监测麻醉诱导前（基础值）、后，气管插管时和气管插管后5min内的血压（BP、收缩压SBP、舒张压DBP）和心率（HR）的变化。结果 ILMA组的平均气管插管操作时间较DLS组明显延长。气管插管后两组患者血压和心率均比麻醉诱导后明显升高，但血压的最大值未超过麻醉诱导前水平，而心率的最大值较麻醉诱导前明显升高。两组在各对应时问点的血压和心率无明显差异，血压和心率的最大值亦无明显差异。结论 在临床常用的全身麻醉深度下，ILMA和DLS经口气管插管操作引起的血流动力学反应相似。与DES相比较，ILMA引导经口气管插管并不具有减轻心血管反应的优点。     

108例支气管哮喘患者舌脉象特征分析

目的：探讨对支气管哮喘临床辨证有意义的舌脉象客观指标，以辅助临床诊断。方法：应用TP—I型中医舌脉象数字化分析仪检测108例患者舌脉象参数，分析支气管哮喘发作期与缓解期的舌脉象特征。结果：108例支气管哮喘患者的舌象中，舌色以淡红舌、淡紫舌多见，舌苔以白苔、黄苔、薄苔为多见；脉象以弦脉、滑脉、弦滑脉为多见；舌脉象参数中舌色指数、苔色指数、厚苔指数、胖瘦指数在哮喘发作期各证型中有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；RPSR1、RPSR3、RPSR4、RBF、RLMS2、PLMP2、RLMS3、RLMP3在哮喘发作期与缓解期有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：支气管哮喘患者的脉象参数、舌色指数、苔色指数、厚苔指数、胖瘦指数、RPSR1、RPSR3、RPSR4、RBF、RLMS2、PLMP2、RLMS3、RLMP3对其辨证分型有重要参考价值。     

Relationship of "bleeding on probing" and "gingival index bleeding" as clinical parameters of gingival inflammation

Abstract Bleeding on probing (BOP) and the gingival index have been used to clinically characterize the degree of gingival inflammation. It is, however, unclear to what extent these parameters correlate to each other and to probing pocket depth (PD). The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the association between BOP and GI bleeding (scores of 2 and 3), as well as the relationship of these variables to PD, in a group of patients presenting with naturally-occurring gingivitis. Based on screening examinations of 125 subjects with at least 20 teeth, no more than 4 sites with PD over 6 mm, a BOP frequency of 30% or greater, and no systemic condition that would influence the inflammatory response, were selected. 2 weeks after screening they were examined at 6 sites per tooth for plaque index, GI, PD and BOP. A standardized pressure sensitive probe (Florida Probe) with 20 g probing force was used for BOP and PD measurements. In this population, means of 40.9% (S.E.= 1.36) BOP sites and 35.3% (S.E, = 1.81) GI bleeding sites per patient were found. A total of 20,008 sites ranging in PD up to 5.9 mm were evaluated; however, the majority of sites (19,723, 98.6%) presented with <4 mm PD. When sites were evaluated, BOP demonstrated a positive correlation with PD, whereas GI bleeding correlated with PH. For sites characterized by the absence of BOP as well as the absence of GI bleeding (scores 0 and 1), the highest % of agreement between the 2 indices (77.7%) was found in shallow sites (0.1–2 mm). In contrast, when sites presenting with both BOP and GI bleeding were analyzed, the highest % of agreement (85,4%) was found for sites with PD >4.0 mm. In this gingivitis population group, it appears that BOP and GI bleeding evaluate distinct inflammatory1 conditions of the gingival tissues, and the relationship between the 2 clinical parameters may vary according to PD at the individual site examined.     

舒芬太尼对心脏瓣膜置换术患者麻醉诱导期血液动力学的影响

目的观察舒芬太尼对心脏瓣膜置换术患者麻醉诱导期血液动力学的影响。方法心脏瓣膜置换手术患者20例,随机分为舒芬太尼组(S组,n=10)和芬太尼组(F组,n=10)。全麻诱导:咪唑安定0.1～0.3mg/kg,维库溴铵0.1～0.2mg/kg。S组使用舒芬太尼1μg/kg,F组使用芬太尼10μg/kg。血液动力学监测:心电Ⅱ导联示波,有创动静脉测压,放置6腔Swan-Ganz导管,采用美国Baxter-2型连续心排血量多功能监测仪,测定心脏指数(CI)和肺毛细血管嵌压(PCWP)。观察心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、心脏指数(CI)和肺毛细血管嵌压(PCWP)。分别于麻醉诱导前(T1)、麻醉诱导后气管插管前(T2)、插管后1分钟(T3)、5分钟(T4)和10分钟(T5)记录观察指标。结果HR、MAP、CVP和PCWP两组变化趋势基本一致。麻醉诱导后及气管插管后部分时间S组HR和MAP低于F组(P<0.05或P<0.01),插管后S组CVP明显高于F组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。麻醉诱导或气管插管后,F组CI明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),S组均无明显变化。观察期间PCWP均无明显变化。结论舒芬太尼可安全的用于心脏瓣膜置换手术。     

先天性心脏病动脉导管未闭介入治疗及血流动力学变化

目的观察动脉导管未闭经皮心导管封堵术前后右心血流动力学的变化,评价其临床意义。方法对50例动脉导管未闭儿童患者,在进行介入性经皮心导管封堵术治疗前应用X线降主动脉造影测量前,术后经导管检测右心血流动力学指标变化。结果未闭动脉导管最窄处直径(5．6±1．3)mm;术前肺动脉平均压(19．1±2．3)mmHg,左向右分流量平均为(0．41±0．13)l／min,血流分流量占肺循环血流量的比例平均为(0．17±0．03);术后肺动脉平均压(14．4±1．7)mmHg,左向右分流量平均为(0．03±0．01)l／min,血流分流量占肺循环血流量的比例平均为(0．02±0．01),相应数据比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0．05)。结论动脉导管未闭经皮心导管封堵术前后血流动力学会发生改变,肺动脉平均压,左向右分流量以及分流量占肺循环血流量的比例均会不同程度下降,这种改变可以作为评价介入治疗效果的重要指标。