浅论中医学对胰腺实体解剖的认知过程

中医学古籍中罕有关于“胰腺”的明确记载，缺乏直观、系统的理论论述。本文试图通过对各个时期具有代表性的医学典籍所记载内容的分析，结合现代解剖学相关理论，梳理中医学对胰腺实体解剖的认识过程。通过分析，笔者认为中医学对胰腺实体解剖的认识具有阶段性：①先秦两汉时期，存在胰腺实体解剖，但并非认为胰腺是脏器；②唐宋时期，胰腺实体解剖更加清晰，在医学上胰腺附属于脾，并非为独立的脏器；③明清时期，胰腺实体解剖明确，部分医家以独立脏器论之，出现“脾”、“胰”之争。中医学理论缺少对胰腺的单独论述，目前学界的主流观点多为“胰属脾”，线性归属以脾笼统代之略显单薄，不利于理论的丰富与发展。笔者认为胰腺藏象应独立于脾单独讨论，现代解剖学对胰腺命名同一，形态结构清楚，位置描述明确，可直接补充进中医学胰腺藏象（藏）理论中，为完善胰腺藏象理论搭建解剖学基础。     

古代日耳曼和阿拉伯律法与唐律中法医学内容的比较

本文详细介绍了古代日耳曼和阿拉伯律法中与法医学有关的内容及其对法医学发生发展的影响。认为以赎罪金代替原始的血亲复仇法是日耳曼法的一个进步；两法对非致命损伤的赔偿规定都取得了令人瞩目的成就。本文还就大致同时代的唐律对杀人及伤害案件的有关规定，比较了东西方法规的异同，探讨了差别的原因。     

浅谈中国传统文化与当代心理治疗

当代中国的心理治疗有待“本土化”。传统文化中的中华民族心理特征具有务实 ,重视人与自然、社会和谐关系的特点 ,不彰显个性而有所节制。心理治疗在当代应吸取传统文化里的人生哲学、超越而丰富的精神世界及中医养生术所蕴含的有益元素     

子午流注与中国古代哲学

子午流注理论体系广泛引用先秦、两汉以降的阴阳五行学说 ,在宋、明理学的背景下 ,采用了象数派《易》学的研究成果。其纳甲法几乎纯采象数派易学之说 ,融干支、五行、阴阳之说于一炉 ,结合针灸临床实践 ,创造性地建立起古代时间治疗学体系。该体系是古代医家在敏锐观察、深入思考的基础上 ,成功引入哲学思维框架立说 ,形成的一个医学与哲学巧妙嫁接的严密系统。这一成就在那个时代有相当的先进性 ,出现并流行于那个时代也是必然的。     

Images of the respiratory system in ancient Egypt: Trachea,bronchi and pulmonary lobes

Examination of ancient Egyptians’ depictions of the respiratory tract, dating back to the 30th century BC, reveals their awareness of the pulmonary anatomy: reinforced with cartilaginous rings, the trachea is split into two main bronchi, which then enter the lungs (lungs being divided into pulmonary lobes).     

The rediscovery of smallpox

Smallpox is an infectious disease that is unique to humans, caused by a poxvirus. It is one of the most lethal of diseases; the virus variant Variola major has a mortality rate of 30%. People surviving this disease have life-long consequences, but also assured immunity. Historically, smallpox was recognized early in human populations. This led to prevention attempts—variolation, quarantine, and the isolation of infected subjects—until Jenner’s discovery of the first steps of vaccination in the 18th century. After vaccination campaigns throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the WHO declared the eradication of smallpox in 1980. With the development of microscopy techniques, the structural characterization of the virus began in the early 20th century. In 1990, the genomes of different smallpox viruses were determined; viruses could be classified in order to investigate their origin, diffusion, and evolution. To study the evolution and possible re-emergence of this viral pathogen, however, researchers can only use viral genomes collected during the 20th century. Cases of smallpox in ancient periods are sometimes well documented, so palaeomicrobiology and, more precisely, the study of ancient smallpox viral strains could be an exceptional opportunity. The analysis of poxvirus fragmented genomes could give new insights into the genetic evolution of the poxvirus. Recently, small fragments of the poxvirus genome were detected. With the genetic information obtained, a new phylogeny of smallpox virus was described. The interest in conducting studies on ancient strains is discussed, in order to explore the natural history of this disease.     

论中医类书《医部全录》

《医部全录》为《古今图书集成》的一部分,是我国历代以来最大的一部医学类书.全书内容包括医经注释、诊法、脏腑身形、各科疾病的理论经验,以及有关医学的艺文、记事和名医传等,内容丰富,眉目清楚,是一部常用的中医工具书,对医学工作者学习和研究中医具有很高的参考价值.     

媒体引导对中医古籍阅读推广的作用及其启示

由于中医古籍的文本内容、读者群及其阅读能力等因素,古籍文献的阅读推广在高校图书馆文化活动中一直处于“盆地”状态。 以南京中医药大学图书馆读书节的馆藏中医古籍展览活动为例,阐述了媒体引导对中医古籍阅读推广的作用,如启发读者对中医古籍的兴趣、发挥中医古籍中的名人效应、彰显中中医古籍的海外影响力。媒体引导下中医古籍资源的传播和利用效果为图书馆今后转换思路,做好特色文献阅读推广工作提供参考与借鉴。     

Gastric acid level of humans must decrease in the future

Proton pump inhibitors strongly inhibit gastric acid production, but digestion problems do not generally arise. We can intake almost ordinary food even after total gastrectomy. Small intestine itself can digest and absorb food using various digestive enzymes without digestion in the stomach. The pH level of gastric acid in humans is much lower than that of most animals, and very close to that of carrion-eating animals called scavengers. It is assumed that ancient humans became bipedal approximately 4 million years ago. It was difficult for humans, who just started unstable bipedal locomotion, to catch quadrupedal-walking animals that can move faster, without special hunting tools. They may have eaten remaining carcasses, which is mainly the leftovers of carnivora species, as animal-derived food. The benefit to produce a volume of gastric acid for humans is carrion eating, in which disinfection by gastric acid is important. Humans produce a high concentration of gastric acid to enable consumption of a diet containing some bacteria and support this lifestyle by consuming significant energy to protect themselves from gastric acid. Now, the opportunity for strong deleterious bacteria to enter the gastrointestinal tract has decreased because of the organized clean environment. If this hygienic environment is maintained for a long time, our gastric acid level must be decreased gradually.