外泌体miRNA在卵巢癌中的研究进展

卵巢癌(ovarian cancer,OC)致死率在女性生殖系统肿瘤中位居第一,因其早期无典型症状,大多数患者在晚期才得到诊断。此外,由于癌细胞易对化疗药物产生耐药,多数患者会出现复发,导致患者预后很差。因此寻找有效的早期诊断及治疗方法对OC的早期预测、疗效评估、预后及复发判断等具有重要意义。外泌体(exosome)是近年来研究的热点,其富含脂质、蛋白质、RNA和DNA,通过与细胞膜融合将内容物释放到细胞外环境,影响相邻或远处细胞的生物学行为。研究认为外泌体可参与肿瘤微环境中细胞间通讯,通过传递癌或抑癌信息分子,影响肿瘤的进程。微小RNA(miRNA)可被包裹在外泌体中传递至受体细胞,影响肿瘤细胞的增殖、转移、耐药等,在肿瘤进展中发挥重要作用。本文对外泌体miRNA在OC中的研究进行综述。     

淋巴细胞在复发性流产中作用的研究进展

复发性流产(RSA)是指连续≥3次,妊娠不超过20周自然发生的妊娠丢失。RSA病因尚不清楚。目前针对RSA妇女体内淋巴细胞的研究越来越深入,许多学者认为RSA的发生与自然杀伤细胞、调节性T细胞、Th17细胞等免疫细胞的功能失调和数量异常有关。研究各种免疫细胞和RSA的关系无疑增加了对RSA发生发展的认识,为寻求RSA治疗方法提供新的方向。本文综述近几年RSA和一些免疫细胞(包括自然杀伤细胞,T淋巴细胞,B淋巴细胞)之间关系的研究,阐述淋巴细胞在RSA中作用的研究进展。     

人乳头状瘤病毒18型阳性肿瘤疫苗的构建及体外活性鉴定

目的: 制备人乳头状瘤病毒（human papilloma virus, HPV）18型阳性的肿瘤疫苗，并观察其体外活性。方法:利用昆虫杆状病毒(简称Bac to Bac)表达系统，将HPV18L1基因重组入穿梭质粒pFastBacHtb，构建HPV18 L1Htb，通过转座反应,将目的基因片段重组入杆状病毒基因     

Induction of SiHa Cells Apoptosis by Nanometer Realgar Suspension and Its Mechanism

The effects of nanometer realgar uterine cervix cancer cell line SiHa cells and suspension on proliferation and apoptosis of human oncogenic genes HPV16E6/E7 were investigated. A ＂micro-jet effiux＂ strategy was used for the preparation of nanometer realgar suspension. SiHa cells were treated with nanometer Realgar suspension in various concentrations （6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/L） for different durations （12, 24, 48 and 72 h）. The inhibitive effect of nanometer realgar suspension on growth of SiHa cells was detected by MTT method. Special morphological changes of apoptosis were observed by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and DNA fragments electrophoresis. The apoptotic rate was quantified by flow cytometry （FCM）. The expression of HPV 16E6/E7 mRNA and protein was assayed by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The results showed after being treated with 25--50 mg/L nanometer realgar suspension for 48 h, the survival rate of SiHa cells was decreased, and apoptotic rate markedly increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. TEM and DNA electrophoresis revealed the special morphological changes of apoptosis. The apoptotic rate of SiHa cells treated with nanometer realgar suspension was significantly higher than in the control group （P〈0.01）, and G0/G1 phase arrest appeared following treatment with nanometer realgar suspension in 25 and 50 mg/L for 48 h. RT-PCR and Western blot assay indicated that nanometer realgar suspension reduced the HPV16E6/E7 gene expression. Nanometer realgar suspension could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of SiHa cells. The mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the HPV16E6/E7 gene expression.     

应用辅助材料行修补术治疗阴道前壁脱垂的有效性及安全性的Meta分析

目的研究应用辅助材料行盆底修补术治疗阴道前壁脱垂的有效性及安全性。方法计算机检索Pubmed、Embase、Ovid数据库1980年至2012年符合条件的英文随机对照试验的文献,进行质量评估,并对解剖学失效率、手术时间、术中出血量、周围脏器损伤及术后盆腔痛、泌尿系感染、材料暴露、材料侵蚀、新发生的尿失禁及新发生的性生活困难共10项行Meta分析。结果共检索到符合条件的20篇随机对照文献,纳入受试者共2313例,平均随访时间3～36个月。经Meta分析,应用辅助材料的修补术与不应用辅助材料的修补术治疗阴道前壁膨出相比,辅助材料组表现为更低的解剖学失效率、更长的手术时间、更多的术中出血量及更低的泌尿系感染发生率,效应量分别为（P〈0．01,RR=0．51,95％CI：0．41～0．64）、（P〈0．01,加权均数差=16．25,95％CI：8．07～24．43）、（P=0．01,加权均数差=35．00,95％CI：6．90～63．11）及（P=0．03,RR=0．51,95％CI：0．28—0．93）;但两组在周围脏器损伤、术后疼痛、新发生的尿失禁及新发生的性生活困难的比较差异无统计学意义,P值分别为0．07、0．58、0．54及0．67,辅助材料暴露及突出的平均发生率分别为4．37％（27／618）及7．69％（24／312）。结论辅助材料在阴道前壁修补手术中的应用能改善术后复发率,但并发症的发生总体上与单纯修补术相比未见明显差异。     

转录因子YY1在妇科肿瘤和妊娠疾病中的作用

转录因子Ying-Yang1(YY1)是正常细胞和癌组织中普遍表达的多功能转录调控蛋白,其参与调控多种细胞正常生理过程,如胚胎发育、细胞骨架蛋白结构和功能、染色体失活和修复、肿瘤发生和浸润转移等过程,在生物体内发挥着重要作用.已有大量证明YY1在多种肿瘤中有异常表达,并通过多种途径调控肿瘤的增殖过程,如宫颈癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌等,在某些癌症类型中YY1的高表达可提高患者生存预后.并且,近年来YY1在妊娠中的作用也备受关注,以下将重点就YY1的作用机制和在妇科肿瘤方面和妊娠疾病中的研究进展作一综述.     

Tacolimus postconditioning alleviates apoptotic cell death in rats after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury via up-regulating protein-serine-threonine kinases phosphorylation

The effects of tacrolimus postconditioning on protein-serine-threonine kinases （Akt） phos- phorylation and apoptotic cell death in rats after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury were investi- gated. Ninety male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, ischemia-reperfusion group and tacrolimus postconditioning group. The model of spinal cord ischemia was established by means of catheterization through femoral artery and balloon dilatation. The spinal cord was reperfused 20 min after ischemia via removing saline out of balloon. The corresponding spinal cord segments were excised and determined for Akt activity in spinal cord tissue by using Western blotting at 5, 15, and 60 min after reperfusion respectively. Spinal cord tissue sections were stained immunohistochemically for detection of the phosphorylated Akt expression at 15 min after reperfusion. Flow cytometry was applied to assess apoptosis of neural cells, and dry-wet weights method was employed to measure water content in spinal cord tissue at 24 h after reperfusion. The results showed that the activities of Akt in tarcolimus postconditioning group were significantly higher than those in ischemia-reperfusion group at 5, 15, and 60 min after reperfusion （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. The Akt activities reached the peak at 15 min after reperfu- sion in ischemia-reperfusion group and tacrolimus postconditioning group. The percentage of apoptotic cells and water content in spinal cord tissue were significantly reduced （P〈0.01） in tacrolimus postcon- ditioning group as compared with those in ischemia-reperfusion group at 24 h after reperfusion. It is concluded that tacrolimus postconditioning can increase Akt activity in spinal cord tissue of rats, inhibit apoptosis of neural cells as well as tissue edema, and thereby alleviate spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

HPV亚型在各型宫颈病变中的分布差异

目的:探讨HPV亚型在各型宫颈病变中的分布差异。方法:回顾性分析189例宫颈病变患者的HPV亚型检测资料。结果:HPV总感染率56.1%(106/189),复合感染率为24.5%(26/106);正常宫颈、CINⅠ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ、宫颈癌HPV感染率分别为19.1%(12/63)、57.9%(22/38)、70.5%(31/44)、88%(22/25)、100%(19/19),其中正常宫颈以感染HPV52、58、53、16、33亚型为主,CINⅠ以HPV52、58、16、33、18为主,CINⅡ以HPV52、16、58、33、18为主,CINⅢ以HPV16、52、58、33、18为主,宫颈癌以HPV16、18、52、58、33为主。结论:各种宫颈病变中各高危型HPV亚型的分布频率依次为16、52、58、33、18,HPV亚型的差异感染反映了其潜在转归能力。     

45例改良式输卵管通液术临床诊治分析

目的探讨改良式输卵管通液术的可行性及效果,评价其临床价值。方法将75例双侧输卵管阻塞性不孕患者分为2组,对照组（30例）即传统双氧水通液术,研究组（45例）即改良式输卵管通液术,在对照组基础上加用自制同轴导管介入治疗,术中超声评价疗效并随访6—24个月,比较2组再通率及妊娠率。结果研究组阻塞输卵管再通率87．8％（79／90）,宫内妊娠率55．6％（25／45）高于对照组[30．0％（9／30）,6．7％（2／30）],其差异均有统计学意义（X^2=12．54,P〈0．01;X^2=4．74,P〈0．05）。2组随访6～24月,研究组足月分娩率优于对照组（X^2=4．19,P〈0．05）。结论改良式组输卵管通液术治疗输卵管阻塞疗效显著、安全、价格低廉、适合门诊推广。