In Vivo Kinematics of Functional Ankle Instability Patients and Lateral Ankle Sprain Copers During Stair Descent

Patients with mechanic ankle instability experience increased tibiotalar and subtalar joint laxity. However, in vivo joint kinematics in functional ankle instability (FAI) patients and lateral ankle sprain (LAS) copers, especially during dynamic activities, are poorly understood. Ten FAI patients, 10 LAS copers, and 10 healthy controls were included in this study. A dual fluoroscopic imaging system was used to analyze the tibiotalar and subtalar joint kinematics during stair descent. Five key poses of stair descent were analyzed. Kinematic data from six degrees of freedom were calculated utilizing a solid modeling software. The range of motion and joint positions in each degree of freedom were compared among the three groups. The tibiotalar joints of FAI patients and LAS copers were significantly more inverted than those of healthy controls during the foot strike (p = 0.016, = 0.264). The subtalar joints of FAI patients were significantly more anteriorly translated (pose 2, p = 0.003, = 0.352; pose 3, p < 0.001, = 0.454; pose 4, p = 0.004, = 0.334), inverted (pose 4, p = 0.027, = 0.234; pose 5,p = 0.034, = 0.221), and externally rotated (pose 4, p = 0.037, = 0.217; pose 5; p = 0.004, = 0.331) than those of healthy controls during the mid‐stance and the heel off. The FAI patients showed excessive tibiotalar inversion and subtalar joint hypermobility during stair descent. Meanwhile, the LAS copers maintained subtalar joint stability, and only showed excessive tibiotalar inversion in foot strike. These data provide insight into the mechanisms behind the development of FAI after initial LAS. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1860–1867, 2019     

2019年重庆市30岁及以上人群归因于被动吸烟的肺癌疾病负担研究

目的 分析重庆市肺癌发病死亡和疾病负担归因于被动吸烟的情况,为开展肺癌防治提供建议。 方法 肺癌死亡个案数据来源于2019年重庆市肿瘤登记报告系统,被动吸烟率来自2013年重庆市慢性病及危险因素监测。计算人群归因危险度百分比(population attributable risk percent, PAR%)、被动吸烟导致的肺癌发病、死亡和疾病负担。采用Excel 2010与SPSS 25.0进行统计分析,率的比较采用χ²检验。 结果 2013年30岁及以上成年人被动吸烟率为52.37%。2019年重庆市30岁及以上人群肺癌发病率与标化发病率分别为118.44/10万与80.83/10万,死亡率与标化死亡率分别为96.51/10万、63.58/10万。肺癌发病率和死亡率归因于被动吸烟的PAR%分别为19.76和19.04,归因发病率与归因标化发病率分别为23.41/10万和16.34/10万,归因死亡率与归因标化死亡率分别为18.38/10万和12.40/10万。2019年重庆市30岁及以上肺癌早死所致寿命损失年率(years of life lost,YLL)、残疾所致寿命损失年率(years lived with disability,YLD)、调整伤残寿命损失年率(disability adjusted life year,DALY)分别为21.16‰、0.31‰、21.47‰,YLL率、YLD率、DALY率归因于被动吸烟的PAR%分别为21.16、19.76和20.49,归因YLL率为4.34‰,归因YLD率为0.06‰,归因DALY率为4.40‰。 结论 2019年重庆市30岁及以上人群肺癌发病率、死亡率、YLL率、DALY率高,被动吸烟率高,肺癌归因于被动吸烟的疾病负担重,应加强落实控烟工作。     

在膀胱肿瘤并发前列腺增生症患者中采用同次施行膀胱肿瘤切除术和保留尿道粘膜前列腺切除术探讨

目的 探讨膀胱肿瘤并前列腺增生症患者同期施行膀胱肿瘤切除术和保留尿道粘膜前列腺切除术的可行性.方法 对同期施行经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术及保留尿道粘膜前列腺切除术的16例膀胱癌合并前列腺增生症患者的临床资料进行了回顾性分析.结果 该组患者均顺利康复,无明显合并症,术后复诊,随访时间2～4年,3例出现肿瘤复发.结论 同期施行膀胱肿瘤切除术和保留尿道粘膜前列腺切除术,安全、效果肯定,值得基层医院推广应用.     

撬拨复位外固定架治疗Pilon骨折

[目的]采用关节镜监视下撬拨复位外固定架治疗Pilon骨折。[方法]2002年2月－2004年4月采用关节镜监视下撬拨复位超踝关节可动外固定架结合克氏针、空心螺钉治疗Pilon骨折9例。[结果]本组病例随访时间平均12．6个月。采用Teeny＆Wiss踝关节症状和功能评分法，术后评分80—96分，平均88分。优秀3例，良好5例，一般1例。[结论]采用关节镜监视下撬拨复位超踝关节可动外固定架结合克氏针、空心螺钉治疗Pilon骨折能更好的恢复关节面的解剖关系，有利于踝关节的早期活动，可防止踝关节退行性变、创伤性关节炎及关节僵硬的发生，可避免伤口并发症和骨不连的发生，疗效满意。     

异丙酚对小鼠海马脑片细胞外信号调节激酶ERK1/2磷酸化水平的影响

目的 观察异丙酚对小鼠海马脑片细胞外信号调节激酶ERK1／2磷酸化水平的影响。方法BALB／C小鼠，体重18～22g，雌雄不拘，迅速断头取脑，取海马用震动切片机切成450μm厚的脑片。量效实验随机将脑片分为空白对照组（C组）及不同浓度异丙酚组[10^-4mmol／L（P1组）、10^-5mmol／L（P2组）、10^-6mmol／L（P3组）、10^-7mmol／L（P4组）、10^-8mmol／L（P5组）、10^-8mmol／L（P6组）]；分别以不同浓度的异丙酚36℃恒温孵育海马脑片1h。时效实验应用5μmol／L异丙酚孵育脑片，分别于孵育即刻、1、2、5、7、9、12、15、30、60min取出脑片；取5μmol／L异丙酚孵育5min后的部分脑片，以人工脑脊液洗出异丙酚，分别于洗出2、4、7、10、25min取出脑片。应用SDS-PAGE和Westem blot生化技术及Gel Doc凝胶成像系统半定量检测小鼠海马p-ERKI／2水平。结果 异丙酚能降低ERK1／2磷酸化水平，降低呈时间、浓度依赖性（P〈0．05）。随异丙酚孵育5min后洗出时间延长，ERK1／2的磷酸化水平逐渐恢复，但洗出25min时仍明显低于药物处理前水平（P〈0．01）。结论 异丙酚能显著地抑制小鼠海马脑片细胞外信号调节激酶ERK1／2磷酸化水平。     

Efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines (HMs), as a monotherapy or adjunct therapy, compared to placebo or conventional approaches in the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials from both conventional and alternative medicine sources. Outcome measures were overall improvement, quality of life, reduction of levodopa dose, and adverse events. Nine studies were included, each testing a different HM. Six of the trials had limited internal validity due to major flaws in design, including the lack of proper randomization; insufficient blinding; unclear inclusive criteria in terms of diagnostic criteria, baseline staging, and duration of disease; lack of proper sample size calculation; and insufficient data analysis. Imbalances in gender and ethnicity among the patients in the included trials were observed. No major adverse events emerged, and no specific pattern was detected from the trials describing such data. In addition to major methodological defects, heterogeneity in (1) HM tested, (2) control treatment, and (3) outcome measure hindered in-depth data analysis and synthesis. Current evidence is insufficient to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various HMs. Further studies with improved trial design and reporting, with assessment on cost-effectiveness, quality of life, and qualitative data are warranted.