社区综合干预对慢性精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的：探讨社区综合干预对慢性精神分裂症患者生活质量和服药依从性的影响。方法：120例慢性精神分裂症患者,随机分成研究组和对照组,各60例。研究组进行社区综合干预,对照组只进行药物治疗。入组前后实施简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）、生活质量综合评定问卷74（GQOLI-74）以及自知力与治疗态度问卷（ITAQ）评定。结果：治疗12个月研究组BPRS评分显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）;研究组GQOLI-74心理健康因子评分和社会功能因子评分显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;研究组ITAQ评分显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：社区综合干预能改善慢性精神分裂症患者的生活质量,提高服药依从性。     

个体服务计划对农村社区精神分裂症患者康复的影响

目的:探讨个体服务计划(ISP)社区康复管理模式对农村精神分裂症患者康复的影响。方法:按随机数字表法将2个乡镇110例精神分裂症患者分为研究组和对照组各55例,并分别实施ISP社区康复管理模式或现行的社区管理模式6个月。患者入组时、入组后3及6个月给予自知力与治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)、服药依从性量表评定;比较1年后两组的复发率。结果:干预前两组患者ITAQ总分、治疗依从性比较差异均无统计学意义;干预后3及6个月时两组ITAQ总分较基线显著提高(P均0.01);且研究组ITAQ评分及服药依从性明显高于对照组(P均0.01);随访1年研究组复发率(24.53%)显著低于对照组(43.14%)(P0.05)。结论:ISP社区康复管理模式对改善农村精神分裂症患者的自知力、提高治疗依从性、降低复发率有一定的作用。     

认知行为干预对首发精神分裂症康复效果的追踪调查研究

目的 探讨认知行为干预首发精神分裂症患者的康复作用.方法 将我院精神科首发精神分裂症住院患者80例随机分为两组（研究组与对照组各40例）,两组患者均采用常规药物治疗和精神科护理,研究组患者住院两周后增加认知行为干预,康复出院回归社区后每月组织患者集中授课、放松1次,持续2年.采用生活质量综合评定问卷-74（GQOLI-74）、自知力及治疗态度问卷（ITAQ）、治疗依从性及复发率进行评价.结果 回归社区2年后,研究组GQOLI-74量表躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能及总体生活质量评分均显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）.回归社区2年后,研究组患者自知力明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）;回归社区1、2年后,研究组患者治疗依从性明显优于对照组（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）;回归社区2年后,研究组患者复发率显著低于对照组（P＜0.01）.结论 认知行为干预可提高精神分裂症患者的自知力、服药依从性和生活质量,降低复发率.     

家庭护理干预对精神分裂症患者康复的影响

目的 探讨家庭护理干预对精神分裂症患者康复的影响.方法 将163例精神分裂症患者随机分为2组,均于干预前和8周末采用简明精神病症状量表(BPRS)、自知力与治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)、社会功能筛选量表(SDSS)进行评价比较.结果 2组入组时各量表评分比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).干预8周末研究组BPRS总分及焦虑抑郁和缺乏活力因子分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);ITAQ评分研究组为(17.24±0.48),对照组为(9.56±0.42),2组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);SDSS总分及各因子分均明显高于对照组,2组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 家庭护理可有效促进精神分裂症患者康复.     

药物联合绘画艺术治疗对精神分裂症住院患者康复期生活质量的影响

目的探究药物联合绘画艺术治疗对精神分裂症住院患者康复期病情、社会功能及生活质量的影响。方法选取2014年1月-2016年1月在广东省茂名市第三人民医院进行康复治疗的精神分裂症患者120例,采用随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组各60例,两组均给予奥氮平单药治疗,起始剂量5 mg/d,根据患者病情适量增加,最大不超过10 mg/d;实验组在此基础上联合绘画艺术治疗,两组均治疗8周。采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)和生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)评定两组病情严重程度、社会功能及生活质量。结果治疗前与治疗后3个月,两组BPRS、SDSS、GQOLI-74评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后6个月,两组BPRS、SDSS评分均低于治疗前(P均0.05),GQOLI-74评分均高于治疗前(P0.05),且实验组BPRS、SDSS评分低于对照组(P均0.05),GQOLI-74评分高于对照组(P0.05)。结论药物联合绘画艺术治疗较单用药物治疗可能更有助于改善精神分裂症患者精神状况及社会功能水平,提高生活质量。     

康复训练对女性慢性精神分裂症患者疗效观察

目的探讨康复训练对女性慢性精神分裂症患者的疗效。方法将52例女性慢性精神分裂症患者分为研究组和对照组,在常规药物治疗的基础上,对研究组病人进行12周的康复训练,对照组采用传统的医疗模式,分别于研究前,研究12周后运用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)和生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)进行评定。结果训练前2组各量表评分差异均无显著性(P>0.05),训练后研究组PANSS阴性因子分,一般精神病理量表分,总分较训练前明显下降(P<0.01)。研究组的生活质量综合评定问卷总分及各维度评分均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论康复训练可改善女性慢性精神分裂症患者的临床症状和生活质量。     

精神分裂症患者婚姻状况与生活质量的关系

目的：探讨社区已婚精神分裂症患者婚姻状况对生活质量的影响。方法：随机抽查南宁市3个城区的精神分裂症患者,采用自编调查表、综合生活质量评定问卷（GQOLI-74）、简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）、社会功能缺陷量表（SDSS）、和日常生活能力量表（ADL）进行入户调查。结果：已婚精神分裂症患者精神症状控制与改善优于未婚者,其日常生活能力、社会功能、综合生活质量评分高于未婚者。精神分裂症患者职业状况与GQOLI-74生活质量呈正相关;SDSS、ADL、BPRS与GQOLI-74呈负相关。结论：精神分裂症患者婚姻及职业状况与生活质量显著相关。     

社会心理干预对慢性精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨社会心理干预对慢性精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法将80例慢性精神分裂症患者随机分为干预组和对照组，各40例，对照组单用药物治疗，干预组合并社会心理干预。在人组时及第6、12个月分别对两组采用PANSS评定患者病情，社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）和生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI-74）评定患者社会功能及生活质量。结果干预组SDSS总分在6个月及12个月时均显著低于对照组，干预组GQOLI-74评分在6个月和12个月时除物质生活维度外，其他三个维度均显著高于对照组。两组PANSS评分则无显著性差异。结论社会心理干预可改善患者社会功能，提高患者生活质量。     

护理干预对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的 探讨护理干预对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响.方法 对100例精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组与对照组,每组各50例.研究组实施护理干预,对照组仅实施常规护理.分别采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)评定患者疗效及生活质量.结果 护理干预后研究组PANSS总分及阴、阳性症状评分...     

农作治疗对慢性精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨农作治疗对慢性精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响,为改善其生活质量提供参考。方法选取2016年1月-12月在天水市第三人民医院就诊的符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)诊断标准的慢性精神分裂症患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各50例,两组均坚持原抗精神病药物及工娱治疗,研究组在此基础上接受农作治疗,均治疗12个月。治疗前及治疗3、6、12月后,采用阴性症状量表(SANS)评定患者的阴性症状;治疗前及治疗12月后,采用生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)评定患者的生活质量。结果治疗前,两组SANS和GQOLI-74评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均 0. 05);治疗6、12月后,研究组SANS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0. 05);治疗12月后,研究组GQOLI-74总评分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能维度评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05或0. 01)。结论在抗精神药物及工娱治疗基础上,联合农作治疗有利于改善慢性精神分裂症患者的阴性症状,提高患者的躯体、心理、社会功能和生活质量。     

Mechanisms of the suppression of the nociceptive reflex of the opening of the mouth during stimulation of the structures of the limbic brain

The comparative effectiveness of the inhibitory influence of tetanic stimulation of hypothalamus, amygdala and limbic cortex on EMG-response of m. digastricus evoked by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp nociceptive afferents was studied in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and nembutal. It was found that inhibition of the EMG-component of the jaw-opening reflex is most pronounced in case of stimulation of medial and lateral region of the hypothalamus, the inhibitory effect of central and medial nuclei of the amygdala is less pronounced and the effect of the limbic cortex is the weakest. It was shown that the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of tetanic stimulation of the hypothalamus is not related to the concomitant increase of the blood pressure. After stabilization of the blood pressure the suppressive effect of the hypothalamus remains without changes, that points out to a direct, primary, not baro-afferent mechanism of the inhibition of the activity of nociceptive neurons of the trigeminal sensory nuclei. Noradrenaline, injected intravenously, induced a large increase of the blood pressure accompanied by a pronounced inhibition of the pain reflex. Angiotensin causes the same degree of blood pressure elevation without changes in the amplitude of the EMG-response of the pain reflex. Hypothalamic and noradrenergic mechanisms for control of pain sensitivity are discussed.     

药物治疗与合并认知行为治疗对强迫症疗效的比较

目的探讨认知行为心理治疗(CBT)在强迫症(OCD)患者各亚型治疗中的有效性和规律性。方法本研究为临床对照研究。符合入组标准的强迫症患者按患者自愿原则分为两组,治疗观察3、6、12个月。疗效评定分别运用Yale-Brown强迫量表,自拟的自评好转程度量表和临床疗效评定。结果认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗组31例,临床有效率70.9%,其中治愈率1.8%。单纯药物治疗组24例,临床有效率33.3%。Yale-Brown强迫量表和自评量表得分在6个月和12个月两组有显著差异(P<0.05)。其中强迫症亚型(怕脏型、反复检查型和反复担心型)的疗效比较,怕脏型在治疗3个月末两组间自评量表评分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复担心型在治疗6个月末两组间Yale-Brown强迫量表总分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复检查型两组间无统计学差异。结论认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗强迫症的疗效明显优于单纯药物治疗。强迫症的亚型在治疗中的有效性次序为:反复担心型>怕脏型>反复检查型。     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Summary Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves.Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue, whose activity was revealed after-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres.Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa.The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S₁–S₄. S₁, S₂ and usually S₃ fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S₂, S₃ and sometimes S₁ fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S₃, usually S₂ and occasionally S₁ fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S₄ fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors.There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Development of the projection from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus in the ferret

Neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have spatially tuned receptive fields that are arranged to form a map of auditory space. The spatial tuning of these neurons emerges gradually in an experience-dependent manner after the onset of hearing, but the relative contributions of peripheral and central factors in this process of maturation are unknown. We have studied the postnatal development of the projection to the ferret SC from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC), its main source of auditory input, to determine whether the emergence of auditory map topography can be attributed to anatomical rewiring of this projection. The pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of fluorescent microspheres in the SC on postnatal day (P) 0 and just after the age of hearing onset (P29), showed that the nBIC-SC projection is topographically organized in the rostrocaudal axis, along which sound azimuth is represented, from birth. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine-fluorescein into the nBIC at different ages (P30, 60, and 90) labeled axons with numerous terminals and en passant boutons throughout the deeper layers of the SC. This labeling covered the entire mediolateral extent of the SC, but, in keeping with the pattern of retrograde labeling following microsphere injections in the SC, was more restricted rostrocaudally. No systematic changes were observed with age. The stability of the nBIC-SC projection over this period suggests that developmental changes in auditory spatial tuning involve other processes, rather than a gross refinement of the projection from the nBIC.     

A contribution to the study of the architecture of the autonomic nervous system of the digestive tract of the rat

Summary The distribution of aminergic and non-aminergic nerve fibres to the different constituents of the wall of the digestive tract in various regions is described. Aminergic fibres synapse with all nervous perikarya. Densely interlacing networks of nerve fibres are found in both layers of the tunica muscularis and in the lamina muscularis mucosae. A finely meshed plexus is observed in relation to the wall of the blood vessels in the wall of the gut. There are many fibres connecting the muscular and the vascular plexus. No nerve fibres have been observed in direct relation to the epithelium.The functional implications of these findings are discussed.