老年期痴呆患者脑血管储备功能的测定

目的 评价Ｄｉａｍｏｘ ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流（ＣＢＦ）负荷显像对于老年期痴呆的诊断价值。方法 采用Ｄｉａｍｏｘ药物负荷＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤ ＳＰＥＣＴ核素显像技术对Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ型痴呆（ＤＡＴ）患者１０例,血管性痴呆（ＶＤ）患者２０例,正常对照者１５例进行脑血管储备功能测定。结果 安静状态下,两痴呆组平均脑血流量均显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,不同程度ＶＤ组间脑血流无统计学意义。Ｄｉａｍｏｘ负荷     

老年期痴呆患者的脑循环变化

目的 探讨老年期痴呆患者的脑循环变化。方法 采用单光子发射计算机断层显像（ＳＰＥＣＴ）,Ｅ＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤ作为显像剂,定量测定１５例Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ型痴呆（ＡＤＴ）、２４例血管性痴呆（ＶＤ）和１５名正常老年人的局部脑血流量（ｒＢＣＦ）。结果 ＤＮＴ、ＶＤ组大脑平均血流量（ｍＣＢＦ）均显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;ＤＡＴ组额、颞、顶叶皮质ｒＣＢＦ明显减少（Ｐ〈０．０１）;ＶＤ组各脑叶皮质及其     

多巴胺转运体显像对特发性震颤与早期帕金森病的鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨９９ｍＴｃ－ＴＲＯＤＡＴ－１ ＳＰＥＣＴ多巴胺转运体(ＤＡＴ)显像对特发性震颤(ＥＴ)、早期帕金森病(ＰＤ)鉴别诊断的价值。方法:对９例ＥＴ,１４例早期ＰＤ,５例ＥＴ合并ＰＤ(ＥＴ－ＰＤ)患者和２０名健康人进行９９ｍＴｃ－ＴＲＯＤＡＴ－１－ＳＰＥＣＴＤＡＴ断层显像。结果:与年龄、性别相配对的正常人相比,ＥＴ患者纹状体(ＳＴ)与小脑(ＣＢ)ＤＡＴ特异性摄取比值(ＳＴ/ＣＢ)无显著性差异,早期ＰＤ和ＥＴ－ＰＤ患者ＳＴ/ＣＢ显著性降低。结论:９９ｍＴｃ－ＴＲＯＤＡＴ－１ＳＰＥＣＴ ＤＡＴ显像有助于ＥＴ、早期ＰＤ的鉴别诊断。     

脑血管性痴呆局部脑血流的定量分析

目的探讨血管性痴呆的脑循环变化。方法采用单光子发射计算机断层显像（ＳＰＥＣＴ），９９ｍ－ＥＣＤ标记，定量测定血管性痴呆（ＶＤ）、多发性脑梗塞（ＭＩ）及正常老年人各１０例的局部脑血流量。结果ＶＤ组各脑叶及基底节区平均脑血流量均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＶＤ组比ＭＩ组额颞叶皮质血流量明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＶＤ额叶皮质脑血流量改变与神经心理测试ＭＭＳＥ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．６９２，Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＶＤ存在全脑广泛的脑血流灌注降低。额叶皮质血流灌注降低与痴呆的发生及痴呆的严重程度密切相关。ＳＰＥＣＴ局部脑血流定量测定对于ＶＤ的预测及早期发现有重要意义     

颈内动脉系统TIA患者局部脑血流的研究

采用静脉注射＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤＳＰＥＣＴ检查法测定９２例颈内动脉系统ＴＩＡ患者的局部脑血流量。结果，ＴＩＡ发作间期９０例症状相对应侧的ｒＣＢＦ较对侧降低１０－２５％，ＣＴ有无梗塞灶的ｒＣＢＦ异常率及降低程度无显著性差异。提示，测定ｒＣＢＦ对ＴＩＡ具有诊断价值。脑ＣＴ扫描对ＴＩＡ无特别临床意义。     

发作间期PET和 SPECT检查对颞叶癫痫定位的诊断价值

目的：探讨发作间期＾１８Ｆ－脱氧葡萄糖（ＦＤＧ）正电子发射断层扫描（ＰＥＴ）和＾９９ｍＴｃ－已撑半胱氨酸（ＥＣＤ）单光子发射断层扫描（ＳＰＥＣＴ）对难治性颞叶癫痫（ＴＬＥ）的定位诊断价值。方法；５３例脑电图（ＥＥＧ）定位明确的难治性ＴＬＥ患者分别行发作间期１８Ｆ０－ＦＤＧＰＥＴ和＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤＳＰＥＣＴ检查。其中２１例磁共振（ＭＲＩ）显示有结构性病变并与ＥＥＧ定位结果一致。结果：ＭＲＩ异常组     

发作间期PET和SPECT检查对颞叶癫痫定位诊断价值

目的：探讨发作间期＾１８Ｆ－脱氧葡萄糖（ＦＤＧ）正电子发射断层扫描（ＰＥＴ）和＾９９ｍＴｃ－已撑半脱氨酸（ＥＣＤ）单光子发射断层扫描对顽固性颞叶癫痫（ＴＬＥ）的定位诊断价值。方法：５３例脑电图（ＥＥＧ）定位明确的顽固性ＴＬＥ患者分别行发作间期＾１８Ｆ－ＦＤＧＰＥＴ和＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤＳＰＥＣＴ检查。其中２１例磁共振（ＭＲＩ）显示有结构性病变并与ＥＥＧ定位结果一致。结果：ＭＲＩ异常组均在ＰＥＴ和Ｓ     

脑SPECT对小儿癫痫的临床诊断价值

1980年Ｓｔｏｋｅｌｙ[1]等首次应用单光子发射计算机断层(ＳＰＥＣＴ)成功地检查了癫痫病人的脑血流,随着ＳＰＥＣＴ和脑血流显像剂发展,目前ＳＰＥＣＴ已成为癫痫定位的有效方法,我们用99ｍＴｃ—乙撑双半胱氨酸二乙酯(ＥＣＤ)作ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流显像对31例小儿癫痫病人进行检测,并与ＣＴ,ＭＲＩ,ＥＥＧ对比分析,旨在探讨99ｍＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流显像对小儿癫痫的定位诊断价值资　　料1993年8月至1995年12月临床诊断的小儿癫痫31例,其中男22例,女9例,年龄3个月至14岁,于发作间期用ＳＰＥＣＴ测定局部脑血流量(ｒＣＢＦ),其中ＣＴ检查21例,Ｍ…     

发作间期PET和SPECT检查对颞叶癫痫定位诊断价值

目的：探讨发作间期１８Ｆ－脱氧葡萄糖（ＦＤＧ）正电子发射断层扫描（ＰＥＴ）和９９ｍＴｃ－己撑半脱氨酸（ＥＣＤ）单光子发射断层扫描对顽固性颞叶癫痫（ＴＬＥ）的定位诊断价值。方法：５３例脑电图（ＥＥＧ）定位明确的顽固性ＴＬＥ患者分别行发作间期１８Ｆ－ＦＤＧＰＥＴ和９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤＳＰＥＣＴ检查。其中２１例磁共振（ＭＲＩ）显示有结构性病变并与ＥＥＧ定位结果一致。结果：ＭＲＩ异常组均在ＰＥＴ和ＳＰＥＣＴ相应部位出现低代谢和低灌注表现。ＭＲＩ正常组，ＰＥＴ定位准确性为８４．５％，显著高于ＳＰＥＣＴ的５６．３％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：对于无结构性病变的颞叶癫痫，发作间期ＰＥＴ检查有较高的定位诊断价值，ＳＰＥＣＴ的临床意义相对较小     

多发性抽动症患者脑SPECT与CT/MR及EEG比较性研究

目的探讨脑ＳＰＥＣＴ、ＣＴ／ＭＲ、ＥＥＧ对多发性抽动症（ＴＳ）的临床诊断价值。方法对３５例ＴＳ患者进行９９ｍ锝－双半胱乙酯（９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤ）脑ＳＰＥＣＴ显像,并于２周内行ＣＴ／ＭＲ和ＥＥＧ检查。结果脑ＳＰＥＣＴ对ＴＳ诊断的灵敏性、特异性、准确性分别为７１４％、１００％、８３６７％;ＥＥＧ检查的阳性率４８６％,明显低于ＳＰＥＣＴ（Ｐ＜００５）;ＣＴ仅发现１例侧脑室轻度增大。结论ＳＰＥＣＴ脑显像对确定ＴＳ的病变部位优于ＥＥＧ和ＣＴ／ＭＲ。     

Pediatric cerebrovascular disease. Alterations of regional cerebral blood flow detected by TC 99m-HMPAO SPECT

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) alterations, as determined by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using technetium Tc 99m hexamethyl propylenamine oxime (Tc 99m-HM-PAO), were studied in 15 infants and children presenting with cerebrovascular disorders between the ages of 2 weeks and 16 years. The rCBF patterns were correlated with clinical presentation, electroencephalographic patterns, radiologic studies, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the head, and cerebral angiography. All patients presented with motor weakness that was accompanied in some with dysphasia, defects in visual fields, obtundation, seizures, and high temperature. Perturbations of rCBF with Tc 99m-HMPAO SPECT brain scanning were detected in all patients investigated, with no adverse effects related to the radiotracer. All patients had a focal area of decreased rCBF, with adjacent hyperemia in 3 patients. In 7 patients, there was an rCBF decrease in a vascular distribution, mainly that of the middle cerebral artery, that correlated with the clinical findings and a focal electroencephalogram, as well as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the head. Impairment of rCBF was more extensive in 3 children, while early abnormal SPECT findings preceded abnormal computed tomographic findings in another 2 children. In 2 patients, Tc 99m-HMPAO SPECT was the only positive radiologic test to correlate with focal clinical and electroencephalographic abnormalities, in view of repeated normal computed tomographic scans. We conclude that Tc 99m-HMPAO SPECT brain scanning is a sensitive, complementary diagnostic measure in the early detection, localization, and estimation of rCBF alterations in pediatric cerebrovascular disease.     

Decreased Cerebral Blood Flow in Neuro-Behcet''s Syndrome Patients With Neuropsychiatric Manifestations and Normal Magnetic Resonance Imaging—A Preliminary Report

Involvement of the brain is one of the most important complications of Behcet's disease, but its diagnosis is difficult because of the lack of effective imaging tools. Therefore, technetium‐99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (Tc‐99m ECD) single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the brain was used to detect abnormal regional cerebral blood flow in patients with neuro‐Behcet's syndrome (NBS). Tc‐99m ECD brain SPECT was per‐formed to detect hypoperfusion areas of the brain in 10 NBS patients with definite neuropsychiatric symptoms or signs and normal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Tc‐99m ECD brain SPECT demonstrated hypoperfusion areas of the brain in all of the 10 NBS patients. The parietal lobes were the most common areas with hypoperfusion lesions. Tc‐99m ECD brain SPECT is a more sensitive and useful tool than brain MRI for detecting hypoperfusion areas of the brain in NBS patients.     

新发病的特发性全面强直阵挛发作患者局部脑血流观察

目的 :探讨特发性全面强直阵挛发作 (generalizedtonicclonicseizure ,GTCS)癫患者发作间期局部脑血流 (rCBF)特征。方法 :用单光子发射计算机断层显像 ( 99Tcm ECD SPECT)技术对 2 0例新发病的特发性GTCS患者发作间期rCBF特征进行观察 ,以兴趣区(ROI)法作半定量分析。结果 :2 0例新发病的特发性GTCS患者发作间期rCBF异常率为 3 0 % ( 6例 ) ,主要表现为一侧丘脑区或基底节区的放射性稀疏。结论 :新发病的特发性GTCS患者的rCBF存在两种特征 :①正常的CBF ;②一侧丘脑区CBF降低 ,CBF降低的丘脑区可能为亚临床病灶     

短暂性脑缺血发作患者脑血流变化研究

目的 通过对脑血流(rCBF)SPECT检查，探讨短暂性脑缺血发作患者的局部脑血流变化。方法 对29例短暂性脑缺血发作患者在发病6～48h内同时行头部CT及SPECT检查，并于发病48～72h后再次复查头部CT。另外对30例健康志愿者进行头部CT及SPECT检查。结果 SPECT检出阳性率为72．4％(21／29)。且神经功能缺损越重，rCBF的灌注缺损就越低。结论 在患者尚未发生脑组织结构异常的代谢和功能性损伤时，SPECT可灵敏的探测到损伤局部的脑血流变化，对估计患者的预后，有一定的指导意义。     

Brain perfusion SPECT in patients with corticobasal degeneration: analysis using statistical parametric mapping.

We sought to determine the characteristics of brain perfusion in patients with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Thirteen patients with CBD and 10 age-matched healthy volunteers were examined using brain perfusion SPECT and (99m)Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD). Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements were performed noninvasively using a graphic analysis method. Both the absolute rCBF data (raw data) and the adjusted rCBF data (global CBF normalized to 50 ml/100 g/min) were used in the SPM analysis. A significant decrease in the absolute rCBF was observed in extended areas of the brain in CBD patients compared to the control group. These areas included the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices; basal ganglia; thalamus; and pontocerebellar regions. Our results suggest that the extent of the reduced rCBF region in CBD patients is more widespread than previously reported.     

Abnormal regional cerebral blood flow in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with psychiatric symptoms

OBJECTIVE: Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies have demonstrated decreased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. However, no study has done voxel-based analysis using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) that can evaluate rCBF objectively, and the relationship between rCBF and psychiatric symptoms has not been well investigated. Using L,L-ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc ECD) SPECT and SPM, we aimed to clarify the association of rCBF changes with psychiatric symptoms in SLE patients whose magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no morphological abnormalities. METHOD: Twenty SLE patients and 19 healthy volunteers underwent 99mTc ECD SPECT. Data were collected from August 2000 to March 2003. SLE was diagnosed according to American College of Rheumatology criteria, and psychiatric symptoms were diagnosed according to ICD-10 criteria. On the basis of the modified Carbotte, Denburg, and Denburg method, the patients were classified into 3 groups: a group with major psychiatric symptoms (hallucinosis, delusional disorder, and mood disorder), a group with minor psychiatric symptoms (anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, and emotionally labile disorder), and a group without psychiatric symptoms. Gross organic lesions were ruled out by brain MRI. Group comparisons of rCBF were performed with analysis using SPM99. RESULTS: SLE patients without MRI lesions showed decreased rCBF in the posterior cingulate gyrus and thalamus. The reduction in rCBF was overt in patients with major psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that SLE patients may have dysfunction in the posterior cingulate gyrus and thalamus and that this may be associated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms.     

精神分裂症患者基础及认知激活状态局部脑血流的研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者基础及认知激活状态局部脑血流量(rCBF)特点及精神分裂症症状与rCBF之间的关系。方法 患者组为49例未用过抗精神病药治疗的精神分裂患者,对照组为26名正常人。以阳性及阴性症状量表（PANSS）等量表评定患者组疾病严重程度,用双日法进行基础及认知激活状态单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）脑显像,以威斯康星卡片分类试验（ WCST）为认知激活工具。结果 患者组基础状态时左颞叶外侧部及左右颞叶后下部rCBF比值明显高于对照组（P＝0.050,0.002及0.001)。认知激活状态时与基础状态时比较,对照组左额叶外侧中部及右枕叶上部的血流灌注明显增加（ P＝0.001及0.033);患者组各感兴趣区（region of interest,ROI）血流灌注无明显变化。PANSS阳性量表及阳性症状量靛（SAPS）评分与左颞叶外侧部、右颞枕部、右颞叶后上部、右枕叶上部、右顶叶中部及左右顶叶等ROI的rCBF比值呈正相关。结论 精神分裂症患者可能存在潜在的额叶功能低下,阳性症状的严重程度与一些ROI的血流灌注量有关。     

Factors playing a role in the increase of localized perfusion observed by single-photon emission-computed tomography during an epileptic seizure

Ictal SPECT is a valuable method for the presurgical exploration of partial epilepsy. (99m)Tc Ethyl Cysteinate Dimer stable during 6h has contributed to develop ictal studies to evaluate the location of partial seizure. The aim of this study was to investigate some factors playing a possible role on the regional increase of cerebral blood flow (rCBF) Twenty-three patients with refractory partial epilepsy (temporal epilepsy n=16, extratemporal epilepsy n=7) were included. All the patients underwent a presurgical evaluation (phase I) during a week with detailed clinical history, cranial magnetic resonance imaging, monitoring EEG and video. Ictal and interictal SPECT were performed using a fast rotating brain dedicated camera (TOMOMATIC 564) in a quiet and normally illuminated room with controlled EEG (interictal) or video EEG (ictal); Scanning was started one hour after injection of ECD Tc administered in IV a few seconds after the electrical onset seizure. Slices parallel to the long axis of the temporal lobe were reconstructed. SPECT images were evaluated after normalisation. This study shows that     

Ictal cerebral perfusion related to EEG in drug resistant focal epilepsy of childhood.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the EEG changes during seizures in children with drug resistant focal epilepsy who demonstrate hypoperfusion at the "seizure focus" interictally, but no perfusion change during the seizure. METHODS: Ictal EEG findings of six children with focal epilepsy who demonstrated hypoperfusion on rCBF SPECT after an interictal injection of (99)Tc(m) HMPAO concordant with the seizure focus, but who did not demonstrate rCBF change after an ictal injection (group 1) were reviewed. These were contrasted with the EEG data of six children matched as closely as possible for age, type of epilepsy, and pathology who did show hyperperfusion at the seizure focus on ictal scan when compared with the interictal study (group 2). RESULTS: The children in group 1 showed slowing of the EEG at the time of the (99)Tc(m) HMPAO injection relative to that seen at the onset of the seizure. Those in group 2 showed rhythmic activity, or sharp waves, or both on EEG at the time of injection. This last change was also seen consistently when the EEG data of a further 13 children who also showed ictal hyperperfusion at the seizure focus were reviewed. CONCLUSION: Ictal rCBF does not invariably increase at the seizure focus in patients with drug resistant focal epilepsy.     

Patients with West syndrome whose ictal SPECT showed focal cortical hyperperfusion

To clarify the mechanism of clustered spasms in West syndrome (WS), we examined ictal SPECT and EEG, as well as those during the interictal period, in three patients with symptomatic WS who had apparent focal cerebral lesions. For ictal SPECT and EEG, we monitored the patients with EEG, and as soon as we noticed the occurrence of clustered spasms clinically and electroencephalographically, [(99m)Tc]ECD was injected intravenously and flushed thoroughly with saline. In these three patients, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) increased during ictus and decreased during the interictal period in the area that coincided with the focal cerebral lesion recognized by CT/MRI. The ictal hyperperfusion of bilateral basal ganglia was also detected in two of the three patients. The ictal EEG showed a diffuse slow wave complex corresponding to a clinical spasm. The sharp waves that preceded the diffuse slow wave complex and the spasm appeared in the same area in which rCBF increased during ictus. None of the patients showed partial seizure before or after clustered spasms clinically or electroencephalographically during the ictal SPECT study. Secondary generalization from a cerebral focus may explain the mechanism of spasms in these patients with WS: focal cortical discharge may primarily generate clustered spasms and trigger the brainstem and basal ganglia structures to produce spasms.