自体鼻中隔软骨联合膨体聚四氟乙烯与自体耳软骨移植在鼻尖整形中的对照研究

目的 评价自体鼻中隔软骨联合膨体聚四氟乙烯移植与自体耳软骨移植在鼻尖整形中的临床效果.方法 对照观察自体鼻中隔软骨联合膨体聚四氟乙烯移植(A组:70例)与自体耳软骨移植(B组:48例)在鼻尖整形中的疗效、手术操作时间及术中术后并发症.以SPSS 12.0软件进行t检验或x2检验.结果A组手术操作平均((x)±s)时间短于B组,差异有统计学意义(t=13.258,P=0.000).A组鼻尖宽度在6～8 mm的67例(95.7％),B组46例(95.8％),差异无统计学意义(x2=0.001,P=0.996);2组患者鼻尖表现点、后旋角、鼻背与鼻小柱夹角、鼻尖高度差异均无统计学意义(x2值分别为0.001、0.069、0.149、0.073,P值均＞0.05).结论 自体鼻中隔软骨联合膨体聚四氟乙烯与自体耳软骨移植术临床效果相近.     

鼻内镜下鼻中隔软骨修复爆裂性眶内壁骨折18例

目的:探讨以鼻中隔软骨作为移植物,鼻内镜下经筛窦修复眼眶内壁爆裂性骨折的方法。方法:采用鼻内镜下经筛窦修复18例眶内壁骨折的患者,以鼻中隔软骨作为移植物,分析其疗效。结果:术后随访0.5～1.0年,18例患者全部达到治愈标准,无移植物脱出。结论:以鼻中隔软骨为移植物行鼻内镜下经筛窦眶内壁骨折修复是一种可行的手术方式,具有直观、微创、组织相容性良好等特点。     

鼻内镜下同种异体鼻中隔软骨移植术治疗鼻中隔穿孔

目的探讨鼻内镜下同种异体鼻中隔软骨移植术在鼻中隔穿孔修补中的疗效。方法收集2003—2011年采用夹层法治疗16例鼻中隔穿孔患者，在鼻内镜下行同种异体鼻中隔软骨移植术，术后定期鼻腔清洁和换药。结果15例穿孔I期愈合，1例Ⅱ期愈合，随访1—3年，无穿孔复发及不良反应，有效率100％。结论鼻内镜下同种异体鼻中隔软骨移植术在鼻中隔穿孔修补中疗效显著，具有较好的实用性。     

鼻内镜下完整保留鼻中隔软骨的鼻中隔矫正术128例临床分析

目的总结鼻内镜下鼻中隔矫正术的方法和完整保留鼻中隔软骨的可行性。方法2009年3月~2012年6月鼻内镜下行较完整保留鼻中隔软骨的鼻中隔矫正术128例,根据偏曲部位不同,选择不同的切口部位。鼻中隔软骨部单纯偏曲和/或上颌骨鼻突偏曲行偏曲侧Killian术式切口,复杂型偏曲均行左侧Killian术式切口,筛骨垂直板C型偏曲、棘突和梨骨嵴或棘突行偏曲前方0.5 cm处切口。术后随访6~12个月。结果 128例鼻中隔偏曲均一次性得以矫正,其中治愈112例（87.5%）,好转16例（12.5%）。所有患者术后双鼻腔通气良好。结论鼻内镜下行鼻中隔矫正术,具有视野清晰、微创、精准等优点,对不同类型鼻中隔偏曲选择个性化切口和术式可完整保留软骨支架、出血量少、并发症少,值得推广应用。     

鼻内镜下鼻中隔软骨修复治疗爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折

目的：探讨鼻内镜下鼻中隔软骨修复治疗爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折的临床效果。方法：在鼻内镜下将骨折复位,将眶内容物还纳,以自体鼻中隔软骨植入骨折缺损处修复眶壁缺损,观察患者手术前后视力、复视、眼球突出度和眼位变化。结果：术后随访3个月～4年,28例患者术后均未出现患眼明显视力下降和视力丧失,术后眼球内陷度数为（1．5±0．6）mm,与术前（3．6±1．1）mm相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后3个月,25例患者复视完全消失,2例患者第一眼位无复视,但仍有周边复视,1例术后第一眼位复视仍存在。26例术后眼球运动基本恢复正常,2例外展稍受限,但较术前好转。以上28例患者均未发现填充物移位、感染或排异反应。结论：鼻内镜下鼻中隔软骨修复爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折具有手术人路简捷、视野清晰、操作简便、损伤小、无面部瘢痕等优点,效果确信可靠。     

自体软骨在外伤性歪鼻合并鼻通气障碍患者鼻整形术中的应用探讨

目的探讨自体软骨在外伤性歪鼻合并鼻通气功障碍患者鼻整形术中的使用方法和效果。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年4月,在陆军军医大学大坪医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的30例鼻外伤患者的病例资料,其中男21例,女9例,年龄21~50岁,平均34.9岁,病程6 d至14年。全部患者均伴有不同程度的歪鼻畸形及鼻通气障碍,分为轻、中、重三类,其中轻度8例,中度11例,重度11例,均同期行开放性鼻整形术及鼻中隔偏曲矫正术。对于轻、中度歪鼻畸形及鼻通气障碍,采用耳软骨修饰鼻尖及加强鼻中隔软骨支撑、修饰鼻背凹陷畸形。对于重度歪鼻畸形及鼻通气障碍,将肋软骨雕刻成"Y"字型整体支架或者片状肋软骨构成2+1或4+1支架,将肋软骨支架与鼻中隔软骨尾端贯穿缝合固定,重塑加固鼻中隔支撑架及鼻小柱,避免鼻背塌陷。术前、术后测量鼻外观偏离值,并分别进行鼻外观视觉评分量表(VAS)、鼻腔通气VAS评分。采用Stata 15统计软件对术前与术后的测量数据行配对资料的t检验,VAS评分行卡方检验。结果30例患者中,3例术后出现鼻中隔血肿,经清理后正常恢复。术后随访2个月至2年,所有患者均无鼻中隔穿孔、鼻梁塌陷等并发症发生。术后治愈率为60.0%(18/30),所有患者术后歪鼻程度下降Ⅰ级,有效率为100%(30/30)。患者术后测量鼻外观偏离值低于术前,差异有统计学意义[(2.40±1.58)mm比(6.85±2.43)mm,t=8.42,P<0.001]。术后鼻外观VAS评分高于术前,差异有统计学意义[(6.60±1.16)分比(1.93±1.31)分,t=-14.59,P<0.001]。患者术后鼻腔通气VAS评分高于术前,差异有统计学意义[(6.53±1.04)分比(1.97±1.07)分,t=-16.78,P<0.001]。结论自体软骨在外伤性歪鼻合并鼻通气功障碍患者鼻整形术中使用疗效好,同期行开放性鼻整形术及鼻中隔偏曲矫正手术,可缩短治疗时间,及时改善患者鼻外观及鼻通气功能。     

鼻内镜下自体软骨鼻整形同期鼻中隔偏曲矫正治疗外伤性歪鼻畸形的临床分析

目的对鼻内镜下自体软骨（鼻中隔软骨、耳软骨和肋软骨）鼻整形同期行鼻中隔偏曲矫正治疗外伤性歪鼻畸形的临床分析。方法收集2017~2018年20 例陈旧外伤性歪鼻畸形患者的临床资料，所有患者均行全麻下鼻小柱倒“V”型切口暴露松解并切除偏曲的鼻中隔软骨及骨质，针对不同患者设计使用不同软骨（鼻中隔软骨、耳软骨和肋软骨）矫正鼻中隔骨性或软骨性支架，对鼻尖、鼻背及外鼻重新塑形。结果随访3~12个月，行鼻内镜下自体软骨鼻整形同期鼻中隔偏曲矫正术的患者鼻外形及通气均有明显改善，手术效果更好，无鼻腔粘连、鼻中隔血肿及穿孔。结论鼻内镜下自体软骨鼻整形同期鼻中隔偏曲矫正治疗外伤性歪鼻畸形同期解决了鼻部畸形和鼻通气功能，实现了美容和功能的统一，同时减少了手术治疗的次数和费用，可行性高。     

鼻中隔自体移植物在鼻中隔骨折修复术中的应用

目的探讨鼻中隔自体移植物在鼻中隔骨折修复手术中的临床应用，评价改善鼻外形及通气功能的临床疗效。方法2016年1月~2017年12月收治28例合并鼻软骨锥畸形及鼻腔阻塞症状鼻中隔骨折患者，术前所有患者均行高分辨率螺旋CT扫描及三维重建用于评估。经鼻外入路，矫正偏曲的鼻中隔，并采集鼻中隔软骨和/或筛骨垂直板用于重建骨折变形的鼻中隔框架结构。结果28例鼻中隔骨折的患者，术后随访6~12个月，患者鼻部外观手术前后VAS评分均值分别为（7.64±1.81）分和（1.18±1.25）分，鼻腔通气功能NOSE评分均值分别为（11.07±4.42）分和（3.96±2.19）分，两组数据差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论鼻中隔软骨和/或筛骨垂直板，作为鼻中隔自体移植物，应用于鼻中隔骨折修复，有效地增强了鼻中隔框架的稳定性，加强了鼻中隔的支撑力，改善了外鼻形态和鼻腔的通气功能，具有重要的临床应用价值。     

鼻内镜下鼻中隔成形术

目的 探讨鼻内镜下鼻中隔成形术中鼻中隔软骨处理的技术方法.方法 所选患者均采取经鼻内镜在左侧鼻中隔面皮肤黏膜交界处作切口.仅分离鼻中隔软骨凹面的黏软骨膜和偏曲之骨性部分双侧黏骨膜,切除重叠之鼻中隔软骨和偏曲之筛骨垂直板、犁骨、上颌骨鼻嵴,在保留的鼻中隔软骨凹面上分别作切口,使其分成数小块.结果 所选患者均获满意矫正,鼻中隔偏曲引起的临床症状消失,随访半年,所有患者均未出现鼻中隔扇动、穿孔及鞍鼻的并发症.结论 鼻内镜下鼻中隔成形术中,对鼻中隔软骨进行整形处理,能够使偏曲的鼻中隔软骨得到保留,并有效防止出现术后鼻中隔扇动、穿孔及鞍鼻等并发症,获得了满意的矫正效果.     

鼻内镜下鼻中隔软骨瓣重建鼻颅底缺损

目的 探讨鼻内镜下鼻中隔软骨瓣转位重建鼻颅底缺损的可能性.方法 对30具成人湿性尸头标本进行解剖学测量,对5具冰冻保存的成人新鲜尸头标本进行鼻内镜下重建鼻颅底缺损的模拟手术实验.结果 鼻中隔软骨瓣上边长38.17～49.95 mm,平均(x±x,以下同)为(44.19±5.82)mm,鼻中隔软骨瓣下边长50.85～63.16mm,平均为(56.83±6.65)mm,鼻中隔软骨上下径长23.52～31.74 mm,平均为(27.93±3.48)mm,鼻中隔软骨前后径长16.55～24.83mm,平均为(20.83±2.12)mm.模拟手术显示以鼻中隔软骨瓣重建鼻颅底缺损的操作可行.结论 鼻颅底缺损在长(27.22±4.91)mm、宽(13.03±3.44)mm的范围时,可在鼻内镜下应用鼻中隔软骨瓣转位进行修复.     

运用自体鼻中隔软骨行外伤性鞍鼻矫形隆鼻术30例

目的：探讨运用自体鼻中隔软骨对外伤性鼻骨骨折合并鼻中隔骨折致鼻部塌陷患者行鞍鼻手术的临床疗效。方法：30例鼻外伤患者的整个修复治疗过程中,均根据其实际状况及需求,同时有单纯鼻骨,忖折复位及鼻中隔骨折清理及矫正术,并使用鼻中隔软骨进行鞍鼻的修复＇冶疗。术后对患者进行随访观察及疗效评价。结果：全部患者一期修复效果均满意。随访3～42个月,28例（93．3％）远期效果满意。结论：运用A体鼻中隔软骨对外伤性鼻骨骨折合并鼻中隔骨折致鞍鼻患者进行矫治是修复鼻外伤的有效方法,倩得临床推广。     

Auricular cartilage grafts and nasal surgery

OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the safety, effectiveness, and versatility of auricular cartilage grafts in nasal surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of the author's nasal surgery experience for an 8-year period. METHODS: Five hundred eight rhinoplasties were performed over an 8-year period. One hundred one of these cases used auricular cartilage grafts as donor material. RESULTS: Donor cartilage was used in a wide range of grafting techniques: tip grafts, dorsal onlays, spreader grafts, septal replacements, alar battens, composite grafts, etc. The average follow up was 12 months. The complication rate was low. Five patients experienced complications involving the auricular cartilage graft or its donor site. No patients experienced graft resorption or infection. Donor site morbidity was limited. No auricular infections or hematomas were observed. CONCLUSION: Septal cartilage is usually the first choice as donor material in nasal surgery; however, when indicated, auricular cartilage grafts can serve as a safe, effective, and versatile alternative. This conclusion is supported by their successful use in a wide variety of surgical techniques, with long-term follow-up. The author feels strongly that autografts should be favored over alloplastic material. Alloplastic grafts continue to present a risk of infection over the entire life of their use. When a rhinoplasty is performed skillfully with a cartilage autograft, time becomes an ally of the surgeon rather than an enemy.     

Stabilizing cartilage grafts in functional-aesthetic rhinoplasty

BACKGROUND: While traditionally most rhinoplastic operations were dominated by tissue resection, more and more surgeons emphasize the importance of restructuring and stabilizing the nose by cartilage grafts and suture techniques. This development in rhinosurgery is the result of long term experience showing that insufficient stabilization of nasal structures often leads to sequelae such as nasal valve collapse and tip ptosis, even decades after surgery. METHOD: Brief survey of five of the most important stabilizing cartilage grafts, i. e. spreader grafts, lateral crural grafts, alar batten grafts, the columellar strut graft, and the septal extension graft, with presentation of case reports. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Cartilage grafts play a key role in the pursuit of obtaining functionally and aesthetically durable long term results in rhinoplasty.     

自体软骨移植在隆鼻术中的应用

目的：探讨自体软骨移植填充鼻尖在隆鼻术中的应用。方法：根据受术者鼻尖的形态及软组织厚度,本组119例患者中有57例采用自体耳软骨移植联合“L”形人工假体行鼻成形术,33例采用鼻翼软骨移植联合“L”形人工假体行鼻成形术,29例采用鼻中隔软骨移植联合柳叶形人工假体行鼻成形术。结果：所有患者术后鼻部美学效果均明显改善,其中64例随访3～12个月,鼻部形态良好,医患双方满意。结论：根据受术者鼻尖不同情况选择不同的自体软骨移植填充鼻尖联合假体植入行鼻成形术,组织相容性好,有效重塑鼻尖外形,鼻部整体形态符合美学效果。     

Repair of nasal septal perforations using auricular conchal cartilage graft in children: report on three cases and literature review

OBJECTIVES: Repair of nasal septal perforation is a challenging procedure. Numerous methods have been described to close nasoseptal perforations with varying degrees of success. The lack of a consensus on nasoseptal perforation repair reflects the shortcomings of each method. There has been a paucity of literature on nasoseptal repair in the paediatric age group. We report our experience of repair of nasal septal perforation secondary to button battery injury using auricular conchal cartilage in the paediatric population. METHODS: Retrospective review of case notes and close regular follow-up of the patients since their first presentations with button batteries as foreign bodies in the nose. RESULTS: Three out of the three children who underwent repair of the nasal septum achieved successful closure of the nasal septum. One child with a large septal perforation required three procedures to achieve closure of the perforation. CONCLUSIONS: Repair of nasal septal perforations is a challenging procedure especially in children. Good results can be achieved with auricular conchal cartilage graft.     

Evaluation of the Esthetic and Functional Outcomes of Extracorporeal Septoplasty for Rhinoplasty in Asian Patients

ObjectivesIn extracorporeal septoplasty (ECS), the entire septal cartilage is harvested, and a neo-L strut is built extracorporeally. Thus, ECS can simultaneously achieve septum straightening and tip projection. This study evaluated the functional and esthetic outcomes of the ECS technique for rhinoplasty in Asian patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 64 patients who underwent rhinoplasty using ECS between January 2016 and March 2018. Subjective patient satisfaction was assessed and objective surgical outcomes were evaluated. Improvement in nasal obstruction was rated using a visual analog scale (VAS). Anthropometric changes were compared between preoperative and postoperative facial photographs. Complications and revisions were also analyzed.ResultsThe participants comprised 64 patients (48 males and 16 females, with a mean age of 29.3 years). The mean operative time was 89.3 minutes. In total, 61 patients were satisfied with the esthetic outcome, and the overall objective rhinoplasty outcome score was 3.45. Preoperative nasal obstruction symptoms (7.9±1.2 on VAS) improved postoperatively (3.1±1.3, P<0.001), and significant improvements were also observed in the nasofrontal angle (152.3° to 148.1°, P<0.001), nasolabial angle (88.8° to 92.0°, P<0.001), and nasal tip projection (0.62 to 0.66, P<0.033). Recurrent deviation of the nasal septum and external nose or tip deprojection did not occur in any patients, and there were no cases of revision during the mean follow-up period of 13.3 months.ConclusionECS might be an esthetically and functionally satisfactory alternative rhinoplasty technique for Asian patients with a shortage of septal cartilage.     

A study of anthropometric measures before and after external septoplasty in children: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that surgery on the growing nasal septum does not adversely affect nasal and midfacial dimensions. DESIGN: Paired study. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PARTICIPANTS: Children treated consecutively during a 4-year period; all had significant nasal obstruction and cosmetic disfigurement secondary to skeletal septal deformities. INTERVENTION: Nasal septal surgery (using an external approach), in which the quadrilateral cartilage was removed, remodeled, and reinserted as a free graft. OUTCOME MEASURES: Anthropometric linear measurements and indexes of the face and nose preoperatively and postoperatively; nasal dorsum length, nasal height, nasal dorsum index, nasal tip protrusion, columellar length, facial height, face width, upper face height, facial index, nose-upper face height index, and columellar length-nasal tip protrusion index. Continuous measurements were transformed into ordered categories with reference to normative data. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank sum test (alpha level of.05) and by applying the Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing. RESULTS: Twenty-six children were studied (12 females and 14 males); age at surgery ranged from 4.5 to 15.5 years (mean age, 9.5 years); average age at postoperative measurement, 12.5 years; mean follow-up, 3.1 years. Only nasal dorsum length (P =.007) and nasal tip protrusion (P =.04) were decreased by a statistically significant level before the Bonferroni adjustment. The change was not considered clinically significant. Thus, relative to age-appropriate norms, the dimensions of the nose and midface and their proportionality did not change after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate nasal septal surgery involving excision and subsequent reinsertion of a remodeled segment of the quadrilateral cartilage has no deleterious effects on development of the nose and midface. We question the absolute dogma that nasal surgery in children must always be avoided.     

Cartilaginous grafts in rhinoplasty

We present a revision of 38 cases operated on for augmentation rhinoplasty from 1992 to 2001, using a cartilaginous graft. 83% of our patients were men and 17% were female. The mean age was 31 years old. In 33 rhinoplasties, the graft was placed in the nasal dorsum; in 4 cases it was placed at the nasal tip and in one case reconstruction of the dorsum and the tip was performed. The most frequently used graft was septal cartilage, in 28 cases. Conchae cartilages were used in 3 cases, lower lateral cartilage in 5 cases, rib cartilage in one, and in another case, septal and lower lateral cartilage were used in the same patient. We stabilized the graft fixing it to the skin with a suture which is removed after a week. We did a postoperative follow-up on 25 of the patients. In terms of patient satisfaction, 12% of them felt that their nasal appearance had improved, 76% felt that there had been a great improvement, and 12% did not notice any change. Only one patient had to be reoperated on because of an overprojection of the graft in the nasal dorsum. We conclude that the use of autologous cartilaginous grafts offers important advantages in rhinoplasty; they are easy to be obtained, easy to mould and with a low index of resorption.