鼻内镜下鼻中隔软骨移植修复眶内壁缺损

随着鼻眼相关外科学的不断发展,我们从1996年起开展了经鼻内镜筛窦进路利用自体鼻中隔软骨修复因外伤而致的眶内壁缺损手术54例,现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料。1996年5月～2008年6月我院因爆裂性眶内壁骨折而行鼻内镜筛窦进路利用自体鼻中隔软骨修复眶内壁缺损手术54例,男45例,女9例     

经鼻填充鼻中隔软骨修复眶内侧壁骨折

目的：探讨应用鼻内镜填充鼻中隔软骨,修复眶内侧壁骨折,经鼻做眼部手术的可能性。方法：选取眶内侧壁骨折患者11例（11眼）,术前检查均有不同程度的眼球内陷、复视、视力减退症状,行眼眶CT诊有眶内容物疝入筛窦并伴积液,其中6例内直肌肿胀。手术开始在内镜直视指引下,经鼻腔开放筛窦,摘除筛房,暴露骨折的纸板,将疝入物回纳眶内,鼻中隔软骨覆盖骨折区。结果：患者手术后全部治愈。双眼突出度相差≤1mm,平均0.11mm。视力较术前不改变或者略有改善。鼻内镜检查见筛窦术腔上皮化,填充的鼻中隔软骨无移动,无感染及排斥现象。结论：经鼻填充鼻中隔软骨修复眶内侧壁骨折方法简便,成功率高。自体鼻中隔软骨无排斥反应。     

鼻内镜下经筛窦行眶内壁骨折整复术

目的 :探讨应用鼻内镜下经筛窦行眶内壁骨折整复术。方法 :鼻内镜下经前鼻孔进入开放筛窦 ,将嵌入筛房的眶脂肪及内直肌还纳回眶内 ,应用 1mm厚硅胶板修补充填孔洞。结果 :4 0例患者 ,平均术后随访 12个月 ,复视消失 ,眼球内陷矫正 ,无硅胶排异。结论 :鼻内镜下经筛窦行眶内壁骨折整复术 ,具有皮肤无瘢痕、手术损伤小、并发症少 ,且手术安全可靠等优点     

鼻内镜下骨移植修复术治疗眶内壁击出性骨折缺损3例

近期我院收治 3例眶内壁骨折缺损患者 ,行骨移植修复术 ,效果满意 ,报告如下。1 　 病例报告例 1　男 ,35岁。因车祸右腿胫腓骨骨折 2h收入我院骨科。入院 3d因右眼球活动受限、复视请我科会诊。行鼻眼冠状位CT检查 ,报告为上颌窦前壁、眶下壁骨折 ,眶内壁击出性骨折 ,右侧颧弓骨折。于伤后 7d在鼻内镜下检查鼻腔 ,可见鼻中隔近鼻腔底处骨折 ,成角畸形 ,角顶端偏向左侧 ,黏膜撕裂。先行鼻中隔矫正术 ,切取鼻中隔软骨留下备用 ;鼻中隔矫正整复术后 ,再于鼻内镜下切除右侧钩突、开放同侧筛房、清理淤血及碎骨片 ,发现眶内壁缺损 1cm× 1cm ,…     

经鼻内镜筛窦径路治疗眶骨爆折的疗效观察

目的 :探讨筛窦径路经鼻内镜手术治疗眶骨爆折的临床疗效。方法 :总结 1998年 10月～ 2 0 0 1年 10月收治眶壁骨折患者 19例 ,均在鼻内镜下 ,行眶骨骨折整复术。结果 :经 6～ 12个月随访眶骨骨折 19例 ,术后复视消失 ,眼球凹陷改善。结论 :经鼻内镜筛窦径路手术治疗眶骨爆折 ,入路简捷 ,操作方便 ,眶内侵袭少 ,无面部疤痕 ,疗效可靠。     

鼻内镜下经筛窦行眶内壁骨折整复术

目的：探讨应用鼻内镜下经筛窦行眶壁骨折整复术，方法：鼻内镜下经前鼻孔进入开放筛窦，将嵌入筛房的眶脂肪及内直肌还纳回眶内，应用1mm厚硅胶板修补充填孔洞，结果：40例患者，平均术后随访12个月，复视消失，眼球内陷矫正，无硅胶排异，结论：鼻内镜下经窦行眶内壁骨折整复术，具有皮肤无瘢痕，手术损伤小，并发症少，且手术安全可靠等优点。     

鼻内镜在鼻颅底外伤中的运用

目的探讨鼻内镜在鼻颅底外伤处理中的临床运用价值。方法对35例鼻颅底外伤的患者应用鼻内镜技术进行诊治,回顾性分析手术前后的临床资料。结果35例鼻颅底外伤患者中15例合并有鼻大出血,急诊经鼻内镜处理后出血停止。单纯鼻骨骨折3例行鼻内镜手术,术后鼻外观及鼻通气良好。5例鼻骨骨折合并鼻中隔骨折或脱位,4例鼻内镜下行鼻中隔矫正复位术,术后鼻外观及鼻通气良好;1例术后左鼻塞,检查见鼻中隔左偏,1个月后行中隔矫正后鼻塞消失。2例合并鼻泪管断裂,鼻内镜辅助下手术治愈。处理上颌窦（前、上壁）骨折4例、筛窦骨折2例、额筛窦骨折4例（2例伴脑脊液鼻漏）、上颌窦筛窦骨折合并眶纸板骨折4例（2例伴复视）、蝶筛窦骨折6例（1例伴脑脊液鼻漏）。鼻内镜手术后均对位生长愈合良好,无复视及视力障碍,眼球运动正常,外形尚好,窦口引流通畅,鼻腔鼻窦上皮化好。伴脑脊液鼻漏者已愈合。35例中1例鼻腔大出血,虽鼻出血停止但因合并严重脑挫裂伤死亡。结论在处理鼻颅底复杂性外伤中配合应用鼻内镜可以获得较满意疗效。     

经鼻内镜筛窦径路治疗眶骨爆折的疗效观察

目的：探讨筛窦径路经鼻内镜手术治疗眶骨爆折的临床疗效。方法：总结1998年10月-2001年10月收治眶壁骨折患者19全然 ，均在鼻内镜下，行眶骨骨折整复术，结果：经6-12个月随访眶骨骨折19你，术后复视消失，眼球凹陷改善。结论：经鼻内镜筛窦径路手术治疗眶骨爆折，入路简捷，操作方便，眶内侵袭少，无面部疤痕，疗效可靠。     

鼻内镜下鼻中隔软骨修复治疗爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折

目的：探讨鼻内镜下鼻中隔软骨修复治疗爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折的临床效果。方法：在鼻内镜下将骨折复位,将眶内容物还纳,以自体鼻中隔软骨植入骨折缺损处修复眶壁缺损,观察患者手术前后视力、复视、眼球突出度和眼位变化。结果：术后随访3个月～4年,28例患者术后均未出现患眼明显视力下降和视力丧失,术后眼球内陷度数为（1．5±0．6）mm,与术前（3．6±1．1）mm相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后3个月,25例患者复视完全消失,2例患者第一眼位无复视,但仍有周边复视,1例术后第一眼位复视仍存在。26例术后眼球运动基本恢复正常,2例外展稍受限,但较术前好转。以上28例患者均未发现填充物移位、感染或排异反应。结论：鼻内镜下鼻中隔软骨修复爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折具有手术人路简捷、视野清晰、操作简便、损伤小、无面部瘢痕等优点,效果确信可靠。     

鼻内镜下硅胶管支撑修复爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折

鼻及眼眶位于人体面中部,易遭受暴力而骨折。其中眶内侧壁又称纸样板,最为菲薄,骨折后常造成眶内容物脱出到筛窦,导致眼球内陷、复视、眼球运动障碍等,应积极进行早期复位,防止并发症的发生及晚期处理的困难。我院自2007年2月～2009年10月在鼻内镜下经筛窦硅胶管支撑修复爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折28例,取得满意效果,现报道如下。     

鼻内镜下改良鼻中隔矫正术

目的 探讨鼻内镜下改良鼻中隔矫正术的方法及效果。方法 对56例鼻中隔偏曲患者行鼻内镜下改良鼻中隔矫正术。采用鼻内镜下鼻中隔左侧前端切口,分离左侧黏软骨骨膜,分离软骨与骨性部相连处并切除细条状软骨,切除偏曲骨质。软骨部偏曲者则接受划痕切开或选择性小块切除软骨。结果 随访6个月,56例鼻中隔偏曲患者临床症状消失,未出现明显并发症。结论 鼻内镜下改良鼻中隔矫正术疗效好,损伤小,鼻中隔矫正满意,可在临床推广使用。     

鼻中隔自体移植物在鼻中隔骨折修复术中的应用

目的探讨鼻中隔自体移植物在鼻中隔骨折修复手术中的临床应用，评价改善鼻外形及通气功能的临床疗效。方法2016年1月~2017年12月收治28例合并鼻软骨锥畸形及鼻腔阻塞症状鼻中隔骨折患者，术前所有患者均行高分辨率螺旋CT扫描及三维重建用于评估。经鼻外入路，矫正偏曲的鼻中隔，并采集鼻中隔软骨和/或筛骨垂直板用于重建骨折变形的鼻中隔框架结构。结果28例鼻中隔骨折的患者，术后随访6~12个月，患者鼻部外观手术前后VAS评分均值分别为（7.64±1.81）分和（1.18±1.25）分，鼻腔通气功能NOSE评分均值分别为（11.07±4.42）分和（3.96±2.19）分，两组数据差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论鼻中隔软骨和/或筛骨垂直板，作为鼻中隔自体移植物，应用于鼻中隔骨折修复，有效地增强了鼻中隔框架的稳定性，加强了鼻中隔的支撑力，改善了外鼻形态和鼻腔的通气功能，具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Facial fractures related to the orbit

The diagnosis and management of facial fractures, which are related to the orbit are discussed with special reference to their complications. Uncomplicated fractures of the frontal sinus without displacement require no specific therapy. Open reduction is required for depressed fractures of the anterior frontal sinus wall. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea associated with a frontal sinus fracture can be diagnosed by X-ray findings and/or the fluorescein test. The direct approach of the osteoplastic frontal sinus operation has been successfully employed for the repair of these dural defects. The diagnosis and various methods for reduction of the zygomatic fracture are discussed. The technique of open reduction and interossius wire fixation has been the technique most frequently employed. Fractures of the ethmoid sinuses are treated expectantly unless complicated by persistent orbital emphysema, hemorrhage, or cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. The spinal fluid rhinorrhea from the roof of the ethmoid or cribform plate is repaired, using the septal mucosal flap technique. The diagnosis of maxillary sinus fractures (blow-out fractures) is discussed with special reference to a comparison between the infraorbital and Caldwell-Luc approaches.     

Endonasal endoscopic treatment of medial orbital wall fracture via rotational repositioning

Various surgical approaches have been employed to treat the medial orbital wall fracture. It has been necessary to use grafts or splints in these approaches. We introduced a new technique to treat our patient with diplopia resulting from medial orbital fracture. In this new method, rotational repositioning of the fractured segment eliminates the use of any graft or synthetic material in the nose, ethmoid sinuses, or the orbit. The procedure could be done under local anesthesia, which facilitates intraoperative monitoring of the ocular movements to evaluate improvement of diplopia. Rotational repositioning technique could be an effective alternative method to previous approaches in treatment of selected medial orbital wall fractures.     

慢性鼻窦炎患者中鼻道和筛窦的细菌学表现及相关性研究

目的：探讨慢性鼻窦炎患者中鼻道和筛窦的细菌分布及两者的相关性。方法：慢性鼻窦炎患者在鼻内镜下从中鼻道及筛窦取棉拭子标本,进行需氧及厌氧培养。结果：120例慢性鼻窦炎患者中鼻道和筛窦棉拭子标本中,18例2个部位的标本培养出同样的细菌;9例2个部位培养出不同的细菌;24例只有中鼻道标本有细菌生长;12例只有筛窦标本有细菌生长。细菌的阳性培养率：中鼻道为42．5％,筛窦为32．5％;需氧菌检出率：中鼻道为39．2％,筛窦为22．5％;厌氧菌检出率：中鼻道为12．5％,筛窦为11．7％。结论：慢性鼻窦炎患者中鼻道及筛窦棉拭子标本中的细菌培养率不高;筛窦与中鼻道细菌的相关性较小。     

Nasal septal abscess and palatine process of the maxilla abscess complicating acute rhinosinusitis in a 12-year old boy

We report a case of nasal septal abscess and palatine process of the maxilla abscess secondary to acute rhinosinusitis in an 12-year-old boy. Rare complication of acute sinusitis is the nasal septum abscess; even rarer is the abscess of the palatine process of the maxilla, which our patient presented. Nasal septum abscess is an reservoir of suppurative secretion between cartilage or bone of the septum and their periostium or perichondrium. Nasal septum abscess is most often bilateral, causing nasal cavities obstruction. Other symptoms are: nasal pain, fever, headache, nasal tenderness, bad general feeling. Spontaneous abscesses of nasal septum are rare and occur due to acute ethmoid or sphenoid sinusitis and inflammations originating from teeth. Patophysiology of nasal septum abscess depends on its etiology. The isolated acute sphenoid sinusitis may lead to occurrence of nasal septum abscess by spreading of inflammatory changes under periostium along the anterior surface of sphenoid bone and damaging the periostium of vomer and perpendicular lamina of ethmoid bone into subperichondrial space of quadrangular cartilage. Inflammation of inferior wall of sphenoid sinus located over fornix of nasopharynx might have lead to appearance of the palatine process of the maxilla abscess. We consider this mechanism of abscess creation occurred in our patient. Another possible mechanism comprehends spreading of inflammatory process through bone fissures, congenital bone malformations of due to thrombophlebitis. Recommended procedure in cases of confirmed nasal septum abscess is surgical decompression from semitransverse incision of the column and abscess drainage. Aspiration and bacteriological culture allow for exact establishment of proper antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic therapy should be conducted for 2-3 weeks according to bacterial sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. In reexamination of our boy's nasal septum cavity of abscess was assessed and a small cartilage defect was noted. Necrotic changes in nasal septum cartilages arise due to ischemia and compression by residual pathological contents between perichondrium and cartilage. Proper recognition and surgical and preservative treatment lead to total recovery. In our boy, control examinations after 2 and 6 months confirmed recovery without recurrence and later complications.     

A case of schwannoma on the nasal septum

We present a case of nasal septal schwannoma. The patient was a 62-year-old female complaining of bilateral nasal obstruction. Anterior rhinoscopy revealed a smooth-surfaced mass arising from the nasal septum in both nasal cavities. Computed tomography scan showed a mass with enhancement in the two nasal cavities and the ethmoid sinuses, and this mass extended to the skull base. Lateral rhinotomy was performed under general anesthesia. The tumor arose from the nasal septum, occupied both nasal cavities, and extended to the anterior ethmoid sinuses. It was encapsulated and could be totally removed en bloc. Pathological examination of the excised specimen showed that it was an Antoni type A schwannoma. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for S-100 protein. The patient is doing well with no evidence of recurrence.     

Sinonasal fibrosarcoma: a case report

Sinonasal fibrosarcoma (SFS) is an infrequent malignant neoplasm. It usually presents as other sarcomas in this region, with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. The final diagnosis is based on the histopathology and immunohistochemistry. We report the case of a 58-year-old man with an 8-month history of left proptosis, recurrent epistaxis and nasal obstruction. Nasal endoscopy confirmed a left nasal neoplasia. CT and MRI showed the extension of the neoplasia, occupying the left nasal fossa and ethmoid sinuses, and eroding the medial wall of the orbit. Complete removal was achieved through endoscopic sinus surgery, preserving the orbit. SFS was found on histopathologic examination. After 4 years of follow-up, nasal endoscopy, CT and MRI imaging show no sign of recurrence.