621例原发性肝癌介入治疗的疗效分析

本文对６２１例原发性肝癌的疗效进行了分析。根据不同的治疗方法分为三组：Ａ组为单纯动脉内药物灌注；Ｂ组为药物与碘化油混合栓塞；Ｃ组为在Ｂ组治疗后加用明胶海绵栓塞。Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、三组１、３年生存率分别为２７．９４％，０％；５９．５２％，１４．３４％和６６．６２％，１２．４２％；中位生存期为８．３３，１５．０５和１７．３７月。总的１、３、５年生存率为６２．８８％，１２．８５％和７．４５％，中位生存　１６．２３月。并对ＡＦＰ的变化、肿瘤大小、门脉癌栓、治疗方法和次数进行了分析讨论。研究结果提示ＬｐＧｓＴＡＣＥ的疗效较好。     

MRA评价颈总动脉分叉的正常解剖及其变异

目的：研究颈总动脉分叉（ＣＣＡＢ）的正常影像学解剖及其变异。材料与方法：用ＧＥ Ｓｉｇｎａ１．５Ｔ ＭＲ机对７３例行ＣＣＡＢ ＭＲＡ检查。分别测量ＣＣＡＢ最大角度、分叉高度及颈内动脉（ＩＣＡ）与颈外动脉（ＥＣＡ）的相对位置关系。结果：８０．６％的ＣＣＡＢ角度在２０￣４０°之间；６０．６％两侧ＣＣＡＢ高度在同一水平，３９．４％不在同一水平，相差最大１８ｍｍ；７４．３％ＩＣＡ起始段居ＥＣＡ后外侧，其中     

高压氧对晚期中、高度恶性非何杰金淋巴瘤远期疗效的影响

目的　探讨高压氧（ＨＢＯ）对晚期中、高度恶性非何杰金淋巴瘤（ＮＨＬ）远期疗效的影响。方法　采用随机分组对照、自身对照和长期随访方法,分析比较ＨＢＯ与ＡＢＣＯＤ方案联合治疗（ＨＢＯ组４６ 例）和单纯ＡＢＣＯＤ方案化疗（对照组３２ 例）对晚期中、高度恶性ＮＨＬ的疗效。观察指标包括瘤块消退速度、诱导缓解（ＣＲ）时间、ＣＲ率、ＣＲ持续时间以及３ 年和５ 年无病生存率。结果　ＨＢＯ组的ＣＲ率为８９．５％ ,３年生存率为５５．３％ ,３ 年无病生存率为５０．０％ ,５ 年无病生存率为３９．５％ ;而对照组分别为５０．０％ ,２３．３％ ,１６．７％ 和１６．７％ 。ＨＢＯ组中位ＣＲ持续时间为４５ 个月,中位生存期为４７ 个月;对照组分别为２５个月和２６个月。上述两组各项指标差异均有显著性意义。结论　ＨＢＯ 能明显提高晚期中、高度恶性ＮＨＬ的化疗远期疗效。ＨＢＯ与化疗联合治疗该病有协同作用且医疗费用较低和毒副作用少,值得推广应用     

小肝癌的介入治疗研究(附42例报告)

目的 探讨小肝癌的介入治疗效果和影响因素。方法 用介入法治疗４２例小肝癌,并用ＣＯＸ回归模型对其进行生存分析。结果 （１）４２例小肝癌肝动脉选影显示２６例肿瘤血管丰富,３７例有肿瘤染色,其中３４例为结节状染色。（２）用Ｋａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ法计算４２例小肝癌介入治疗后的１、３、５年生存率分别为８８％（３７／４２）,７４％（３１／４２）,５１％（２１／４２）。（３）ＣＯＸ回归分析显示临床分期、分型     

缺血性脑卒中超急性期MRI表现与病理动物实验研究

目的：应用０．５ＴＭＲ仪,实验研究缺血脑卒中超急性期ＭＲＩ表现扩期病理学基础。为临床治提供客观依据。材料与方法：实验组１６只家兔,采用改良Ｏ‘Ｂｒｉｅｎ法闭塞一侧ＭＣＡ制作动物模型。手术对照组４只。应用０．５ＴＭＲ仪行轴位Ｔ１ＷＩ／ＳＥ,Ｔ２ＷＩ／ＴＳＥ扫描。兔脑切片ＨＥ染色史镜下观察缺血区神经元形态改变。结果：ＭＣＡ＝Ｏ后最早出现缺血区Ｔ２ＷＩ／ＴＳＥ高信号表现为２小时３０分钟。３￣４小时６４．     

化疗栓塞与电化学加化疗栓塞治疗肝癌的比较研究

目的：比较介入化疗栓塞与化疗栓塞加电化学疗法联合治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效,通过分析,进一步探索治疗肝癌的更侍方案。方法：本文对６４例中晚期肝癌分组法治疗,化疗栓塞组（Ａ组）３６例,化疗栓塞加电化学联合治疗组（Ｂ组）２８例。通过临床资料分析,对比治疗疗效。结果：两者有效率分别为６４．２％、７２．１％,１、２年生存率分别为５５％、２２％和７１％、２１％。１年生存率有明显差异,２年生存率本文无明显差异。结     

肝动脉化疗栓塞及注射32P-胶体、无水乙醇综合序贯介入治疗原发性肝癌疗效分析

目的　评价肝动脉化疗栓塞（ＴＡＣＥ） 及Ｂ 超引导下注射３２Ｐ胶体、无水乙醇（ＰＥＩ） 综合序贯介入治疗原发性肝癌的临床价值。方法　５１ 例中晚期肝癌分为２ 组,２３ 例综合序贯应用ＴＡＣＥ＋ ３２Ｐ＋ ＰＥＩ治疗,２８ 例单纯应用ＴＡＣＥ 治疗。结果　综合序贯组肿瘤缩小率、肿瘤完全坏死率、ＡＦＰ下降率分别为９１ ．２９ ％ 、８０ ．００ ％ 、８７ ．５ ％ ,而单纯ＴＡＣＥ组分别为３９．２７％ 、３０ ．４３％ 、４１ ．４６ ％ ,两组比较有显著性差异（ Ｐ＜０ ．０１）,６ 个月、１、２ 、３ 年生存率综合序贯组分别为９５．６５ ％ 、８６．９５％ 、５６ ．５２ ％ 、２０．７３ ％ ,而单纯ＴＡＣＥ 组分别为６４．２８％ 、３９．２８ ％ 、１７ ．８５ ％ 、００ ．００ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０１） 。结论　ＴＡＣＥ＋ ３２Ｐ＋ ＰＥＩ的综合序贯介入治疗是提高中晚期原发性肝癌患者生存率的有效方法。     

高压氧对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血浆ET、CGRP、6-keto-PGF_(1α)及TXB_2浓度的影响

目的　探讨高压氧（ＨＢＯ）对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（ＨＩＥ）患者血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）、降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）、前列环素（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α）及血栓素Ｂ２ （ＴＸＢ２ ）浓度的影响。方法　ＨＢＯ组２０ 例,给予ＨＢＯ 及常规治疗;对照组２７ 例,只给常规治疗。ＨＢＯ 治疗使用透明单人氧舱,绝对压力为０．１３～０．１５ ＭＰａ,氧浓度为６５％ ～９０％ ,每次１ 小时,每天１ 次,１０ 次为１ 个疗程（一般进行１～２ 个疗程）;于患者出生第３ 天开始ＨＢＯ治疗。治疗前、出生后第５ 天及第９ 天分别取静脉血用放射免疫法测ＥＴ、ＣＧＲＰ、６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α及ＴＸＢ２ 浓度。结果　发现ＣＧＲＰ随新生儿出生后日龄增长,血浓度减低;但ＨＢＯ对ＥＴ、ＣＧＲＰ、６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α及ＴＸＢ２ 浓度无明显影响。结论　ＣＧＲＰ可能参与ＨＩＥ的病理生理过程,而ＨＢＯ治疗ＨＩＥ主要是通过其它机制发挥作用。     

肝癌门静脉瘤栓的经肝动脉碘油化疗栓塞

２０例原发性肝癌，门静脉瘤栓位于右支者７例、左支１例、主于４例、主干＋右支８例。经肝动脉碘油化疗栓塞（Ｌｐ－ＴＡＣＥ）后，肝区平片和ＣＴ平扫显示瘤栓内Ｌｐ积聚呈Ａ型者９例、Ｂ型６例和Ｃ型５例。全组瘤栓缩小有效率４０％，平均生存期８．２个月，累积生存率６个月４５％、１年２０％、２年１０％。Ａ型瘤栓缩小有效率７７．８％，平均生存期１２．７个月，累积生存率６个月７７．８％、１年４４．４％和２年２２．２％明显高于Ｂ型和Ｃ型。表明Ｌｐ－ＴＡＣＥ对部分肝癌门静脉瘤栓病人特别是Ｌｐ呈Ａ型积聚者是较有效的方法。     

Cox模型对肝癌预后因素的分析

目的：作者旨在分析原发性肝癌的预后因素，评估不同治疗方法的疗效。材料与方法：应用Ｃｏｘ比例风险模型对经介入治疗的６２１例晚期原发性肝癌进行了回顾性统计分析。根据不同的治疗方法，分为３组：Ａ组，６８例，为单纯动脉内抗癌药物灌注（ＴＡＩ）；Ｂ组，１６８例，碘化油与抗癌药混合化疗栓塞（ＬｐＴＡＣＥ）；Ｃ组，３８５例，ＬｐＴＡＣＥ再加明胶海绵栓塞（ＬｐＧｓＴＡＣＥ）。对三组的生存率作了分析比较。结果：影响肝癌预后最明显的因素是肿瘤大小、门脉内癌栓和治疗方法。６２１例总的生存率１、３、５年分别为６２．２３％、１２．８５％和７．４５％，中位生存期为１６．２３个月。结论：含药碘油和明胶海绵复合性化疗栓塞（ＬｐＧｓＴＡＣＥ）的疗效较ＬｐＴＡＣＥ或单纯ＴＡＩ为好。了解肝癌的预后因素对选择与处理病人是有益的。     

Tumor recurrence after radiofrequency thermal ablation of hepatic tumors: spectrum of findings on dual-phase contrast-enhanced CT.

OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study to determine the spectrum of CT findings of tumor recurrence after radiofrequency ablation of primary and secondary malignant hepatic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients, 10 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 15 patients with metastases who developed tumor recurrence after radiofrequency ablation of hepatic neoplasms, formed the study population. Three observers reviewed the CT scans of these patients and evaluated the location (local intrahepatic, remote intrahepatic, or extrahepatic) of all recurrent lesions and the morphology and enhancement characteristics of local intrahepatic recurrences. RESULTS: Local intrahepatic recurrences were seen in nine patients (90%) and 11 patients (73%); remote intrahepatic recurrences, in five patients (50%) and seven patients (45%); and extrahepatic recurrences, in zero and six patients (40%) with recurrent HCC and recurrent metastases, respectively. Of the 12 nodules of local intrahepatic recurrences in HCC and the 24 in metastases, the patterns of local intrahepatic recurrences were of nodular, halo, and gross enlargement types in eight (67%) and nine (38%), four (33%) and six (38%), and zero and nine (37%) nodules in HCC and hepatic metastases, respectively. The number of local intrahepatic recurrent lesions enhancing in the arterial phase was significantly greater in HCC. CONCLUSION: Tumor recurrences occurred at intra- and extrahepatic sites after radiofrequency ablation of hepatic neoplasms. The local intrahepatic recurrences appeared in three patterns: nodular, halo, or gross enlargement. The sites of recurrence and the morphologic patterns of local intrahepatic tumor recurrence differed between primary and secondary hepatic neoplasms.     

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: pre- and posttherapy evaluation with CT and MR imaging

PURPOSE: To determine the features of advanced hepatic and extrahepatic fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and their effects on immediate surgical management and tumor recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with fibrolamellar HCC underwent pretherapy computed tomography (CT); 11 underwent pretherapy magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. All 40 patients underwent posttherapy CT; four, follow-up MR imaging. Imaging, surgical, and histopathologic findings were correlated. RESULTS: Twenty-five (81%) patients had solitary tumors (mean maximum diameter, 13 cm). Thirteen (42%) patients had intrahepatic biliary obstruction; 27 (87%) patients had involvement of the portal or hepatic veins. Thirteen (42%) had extrahepatic tumor spread, nine (29%) had distant metastases on pretherapy images, and 20 (65%) had lymphadenopathy. Thirty-two (80%) of 40 patients underwent exploration surgery; curative resection was attempted in 25 (62%), including four patients who underwent liver transplantation. Only 17 patients were considered to have had hepatic and extrahepatic tumors completely excised. Tumor recurred in all eight of the 17 patients who had extrahepatic disease at pretherapy CT and in four of the seven patients who seemed to have tumor limited to the liver. A combination of repeat tumor resection and adjuvant chemotherapy resulted in prolonged tumor-free survival in some cases. CONCLUSION: Fibrolamellar HCC frequently demonstrates aggressive local invasion and nodal and distant metastases. Pretherapy and follow-up imaging are important for staging, surveillance, and optimal management. Aggressive surgical resection may be helpful to control fibrolamellar HCC and to prolong survival in appropriately selected cases.     

Extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma

PURPOSE: To determine the relative frequency, incidence, and locations of metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), correlate extrahepatic metastatic disease with intrahepatic tumor staging, and determine the computed tomographic (CT) manifestations of HCC metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT findings in 403 consecutive patients with HCC at our institution since 1992 were reviewed retrospectively. One hundred forty-eight patients with extrahepatic metastatic HCC were identified, and the locations, sizes, and attenuation and enhancement characteristics of the lesions were recorded. RESULTS: A majority (128 [86%] of 148) of patients with extrahepatic HCC foci had either intrahepatic stage IVA tumor (112 [76%] patients) or an intrahepatic stage III tumor (16 [11%] patients) at the occurrence of metastases. The most frequent site of the first detectable metastasis was the lung (58 [39%] patients). Tabulation of all extrahepatic metastatic sites showed the most common to be the lung in 81 (55%) patients, the abdominal lymph nodes in 60 (41%) patients, and the bone in 41 (28%) patients. CONCLUSION: The lung, abdominal lymph nodes, and bone are the most common sites of extrahepatic metastatic HCC. Most extrahepatic HCC occurs in patients with advanced intrahepatic tumor stage (stage IVA). Incidental extrahepatic lesions at CT in patients with stage I or II intrahepatic HCC are unlikely to represent metastatic HCC.     

Extrahepatic spread of hepatocellular carcinoma: a pictorial review

Although extrahepatic spread of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is uncommon, it can be found anywhere in the body. Most extrahepatic metastases of HCC occur in patients with advanced-stage intrahepatic tumor, but incidental extrahepatic lesions have also occasionally been found in patients with early-stage intrahepatic HCC. The detection of extrahepatic metastatic disease is crucial when planning therapy for patients with HCC and should be used to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention. In this study we illustrate the radiologic findings of extrahepatic metastases of HCC involving various sites. The presumed mechanism of extrahepatic extension of HCC is also discussed. Electronic Publication     

Percutaneous radio-frequency thermal ablation of nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma after occlusion of tumor blood supply

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of percutaneous radio-frequency (RF) thermal ablation of nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after occlusion of the tumor arterial supply. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-two patients with cirrhosis and biopsy-proved HCC underwent RF ablation after interruption of the tumor arterial supply by means of occlusion of either the hepatic artery with a balloon catheter (40 patients) or the feeding arteries with gelatin sponge particles (22 patients). RESULTS: After a single RF procedure in 56 patients and after two procedures in six patients, spiral computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a nonenhancing area corresponding in shape to the previously identified HCC, which was suggestive of complete necrosis. No major complications occurred. Two patients subsequently underwent surgical resection; the remaining 60 patients were followed up with spiral CT. During a mean follow-up of 12.1 months, 11 HCC nodules showed areas of local progression; 49 were identified as nonenhancing areas with a 40%-75% reduction in maximum diameter. The 1-year estimate of failure risk was 19% for local recurrence and 45% for overall intrahepatic recurrence. The estimated 1-year survival was 87%. Histopathologic analysis of one autopsy and two surgical specimens revealed more than 90% necrosis in one specimen and 100% necrosis in two. CONCLUSION: HCC nodules 3.5-8.5 cm in diameter can be ablated in one or two RF sessions after occlusion of the tumor arterial supply.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET／CT显像的临床价值

目的探讨^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET／CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌（HCC）经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力。方法22例HCC患者TACE后进行^18F-FDGPET／CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析。结果22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶。16例患者肝内有1个或多个^18F-FDG放射陛增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚。转移灶分布：肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例。经随访证实2例肝内^18F-FDG显像为假阴性,^18F-FDGPET／CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88．9％（16／18）,特异性为4／4,准确性为90．9％（20／22）;全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94．7％（18／19）,特异性为3／3,准确性为95．5％（21／22）。结论^18F-FDGPET／CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势。     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.