老年髌骨粉碎性骨折的固定方法探讨

目的评价髌骨张力带内固定术、钢丝“8”字固定＋四周环抱术、部分切除术及改良式部分髌骨切除术治疗老年移位性髌骨骨折的疗效。方法59例老年移位性髌骨骨折，其中24例髌骨中部横断骨折，采用张力带内固定术：16例髌骨粉碎骨折采用钢丝“8”字固定＋四周环抱，5例髌骨下极骨折采用髌骨部分切除术；11例髌骨下极骨折和3例上极骨折采用改良式部分髌骨切除术。结果术后随访2-6年，按陆裕朴评定标准，张力带内固定术组：优18例，良3例，可3例；钢丝“8”字固定＋四周环抱术组：优12例，良1例，可3例；部分切除术组：可3例，差2例；改良式部分髌骨切除术组：优13例，良1例。结论张力带内固定术与钢丝“8”字固定＋四周环抱术是治疗老年移位性髌骨骨折的有效方法。治疗关键是解剖复位、稳妥固定及早期非负重功能锻炼。     

空心钉张力带微创治疗髌骨横断骨折的临床研究

回顾性分析收治的63例髌骨横断骨折患者的病例资料,按手术方法不同分为观察组(33例)和对照组(30例)。观察组患者采用空心钉张力带微创治疗,对照组采用克氏针张力带治疗;两组手术时间对比无差异;观察组术中出血量少,骨折愈合快,疗效优良率显著高于对照组。空心钉张力带微创治疗髌骨横断骨折内固定牢靠,并发症少,患者恢复较快,安全有效,值得临床推广。     

中药熏洗与手法治疗髌骨骨折术后膝关节僵直

1998年 6月— 2 0 0 2年 6月 ,我院采用中西医结合非手术疗法 ,治疗单纯髌骨骨折术后膝关节僵直 36例。经 6个月～ 2年随访 ,效果满意现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 1　一般资料　本组 36例 ,男 2 6例 ,女 10例 ,年龄 18～5 6岁 ,髌骨骨折 2 0例 ,右 16例 ,均为单侧髌骨骨折。骨折类型 :横断型 18例 ,粉碎性 10例 ,下肢骨折 8例。本组全部行手术治疗 ;其中改良张力带内固定 2 0例 ,钢丝环形结扎内固定 10例 ,缝线固定 4例 ,穿过骨片钢丝结扎 2例。术后膝关节活动度 ,患者处于中立位 ,膝关节活动度 ,0～10°15例 ,0～ 15°16例 ,0～ 2 0°5例。…     

Nice结在髌骨骨折治疗中的初步应用

目的 探索Nice结固定技术在髌骨骨折治疗中的应用效果.方法 回顾性分析2019年1月—12月深圳市人民医院骨关节外科行手术治疗的简单横行髌骨骨折患者20例,男性12例,女性8例;年龄32～66岁,平均48.8岁;均为摔伤.根据固定方式不同分为Nice结固定组和张力带固定组,各10例.Nice结固定组采用高强缝线穿髌骨...     

可吸收线张力带治疗髌骨骨折的生物力学研究及其临床意义

目的 探讨可吸收线张力带治疗髌骨骨折的生物力学特性及临床应用可行性。方法 取12具新鲜尸体膝关节标本制成髌骨横断骨折模型，分2组各6个膝关节，分别用双股“薇乔”l-0可吸收线和直径0．8mm钢丝做张力带固定，将标本安置在MTS试验机上，行拉力试验和疲劳试验，测量各种试验前后的骨折端分离程度。结果 在0～300N之间可吸收线张力带比钢丝张力带抗疲劳性能强，在300～500N之间两者效果相当；可吸收线张力带比钢丝张力带固定具有更好的弹性。结论 可吸收线张力带治疗髌骨骨折的生物力学性能比钢丝张力带好，完全可替代钢丝应用于临床。     

改良张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折195例

1987～1996年,采用改良张力带内固定治疗移位的髌骨骨折195例,不用外固定,早期功能锻炼,获得满意疗效,现报告如下。1 临床资料1.1 一般资料 本组髌骨骨折共195例,其中男性112例,女性83例,年龄16～75岁。新鲜骨折176例,陈旧性骨折19例。横型骨折128例,下极骨折44例,粉碎性骨折23例。本组病例骨折均有移位,采用保留髌骨,用改良张力带内固定治疗,3～6月去除内固定。结果:伤口均一期愈合。随防4～18个月屈膝120°～150°,功能恢复满意。     

多根克氏针张力带内固定治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折31例

髌骨骨折发生率约为全身骨折1.05%,其中横行骨折约占髌骨骨折的66%,粉碎性骨折约占33%,粉碎性骨折治疗较困难,若治疗不当引起创伤性髌股关节炎,股四头肌无力,膝关节伸屈受限,甚至发生股四头肌断裂[1].自2002年7月～2005年6月,我科手术治疗髌骨骨折117例,其中粉碎性骨折31例,采用多根克氏针张力带内固定,不可吸收丝线环扎固定髌骨,疗效满意.     

可吸收螺钉及普迪斯线张力带捆绑治疗髌骨骨折

目的 评价可吸收螺钉及普迪斯（PDS-Ⅱ）线张力带捆绑治疗髌骨骨折的效果。方法 回顾性分析采用可吸收螺钉及PDS-Ⅱ线张力带捆绑治疗髌骨骨折32例的病例资料。结果 本组32例髌骨骨折中，横形骨折28例，纵斜形骨折1例，髌骨粉碎性骨折3例。本组术后随访6～15个月，全部治愈，无伤口感染，膝关节功能恢复满意。结论 该方法操作简单，创伤小，固定牢靠，活动早，康复快，可避免为取出内固定物再次手术。     

骨针钢缆内固定治疗髌骨下极骨折的膝关节功能观察

正髌骨下极骨折是临床髌骨骨折的特殊类型,需早期接受手术治疗以修复骨折端,恢复患者正常行走功能~([1])。髌骨下极在膝关节伸膝受力传导过程中发挥重要作用,故此类骨折手术方式的选择将直接决定患者远期下肢运动功能及患者的生活质量。骨针钢缆内固定、张力带内固定均是目前临床应用的髌骨骨折治疗手段,效果确切,笔者已作相应研究~([2-3]),但髌骨下极骨折由于骨折线位置的特殊性,骨块往     

空芯拉力螺钉张力钢丝内固定治疗髌骨骨折

回顾性分析应用空芯拉力螺钉张力钢丝治疗髌骨骨折22例。本组术后9～13周达临床骨愈合，无内固定松脱、复位丢失和骨不连，认为对横断型、纵型和轻度粉碎性髌骨骨折应用空芯拉力螺钉张力钢丝内固定能获得较好疗效。     

镍钛记忆合金聚髌器内固定治疗髌骨骨折的临床研究

目的：探讨镍钛记忆合金髌骨爪治疗髌骨骨折的临床应用与术后功能锻炼。方法：线性骨折采用复位钳复位髌骨,镍钛记忆合金髌骨爪髌骨内固定,粉碎性骨折先行可吸收缝合线环形荷包缝合固定髌骨后行髌骨爪髌骨内固定。结果：135例术后视骨折程度术后是否给予石膏托外固定,术后第2 d练习股四头肌锻炼,术后1周进行膝关节伸屈活动,术后2周扶拐下地行走。结论：镍钛记忆合金髌骨爪治疗髌骨骨折,周围组织刺激少、手术操作简单、骨折复位好、骨折愈合快、可早期恢复关节功能、避免髌骨切除,值得推广。     

双重髌前“8”字张力带内固定治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折

目的：探讨双重髌前“8”字张力带治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折的方法与效果。方法对我院2009年1月～2012年6月收治的22例髌骨粉碎性骨折患者采用髌前纵行切口,以3枚平行克氏针纵向穿入大多数骨折块,再分别将相邻2枚克氏针经髌前“8”字钢丝捆绑,形成两组张力带。结果随访病例19例,随访时间9～24个月,骨折均达骨性愈合,髌骨关节面平整,6～12个月拆除内固定。功能依据Lysholm膝关节功能评分标准：优18例,良1例。结论双重髌前“8”字张力带治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折符合生物力学原理,固定牢靠,可早期进行膝关节功能锻炼,功能恢复佳。     

Hamstring graft fixation in MPFL reconstruction at the patella using a transosseous suture technique

Controversy still exists about fixation methods of a hamstring graft to the patella in case of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction. This article presents a surgical technique of hamstring tendon graft fixation to the anatomical MPFL insertion on the patella using transosseous sutures. A superficial bony sulcus is created at the anatomical MPFL insertion site on the medial patellar rim with a bur. A looped hamstring tendon graft is fixed to this superficial sulcus by a pair of nonresorbable transosseous sutures passed across the patella. The retinaculum is sutured on top of the hamstring tendon graft at the level of the patella for additional fixation. The technique avoids bone tunnels as well as hardware at the patella. It reduces the risk of intraoperative or postoperative patella fracture or implant-related complications. The stable transosseous fixation technique allows for early rehabilitation.     

Fractures of the patella in children

Fractures of the patella are relatively rare injuries for children. Fourteen patients with patellar fractures were reviewed. There were 12 boys and two girls with the age ranging between 9 and 15 years and an average of 11.4 years. Sleeve fractures were the most common type of patellar fractures observed (eight cases), followed by transverse fractures (four cases) and comminuted fractures (two cases). All the fractures were treated with open reduction and followed up for 2 to 20 years. Overall results were good in 13 patients, and flexion limitation of the knee was seen in one. Fractures of the patella in children are characterised by sleeve fractures. The prognosis of the patients treated with open reduction is generally good.     

髌骨-胫骨结节架桥式固定治疗髌骨下极骨折

目的　探讨髌骨下极骨折的可靠内固定方法。方法　自 1998～ 2 0 0 1年开展髌骨 -胫骨结节架桥式内固定 (以下简称桥式手术 )治疗髌骨下极骨折 2 4例 ,均为新鲜性骨折 ,开放性骨折 2例。结果　手术后平均随访 8个月 ,伤口均一期愈合 ,骨折愈合时间平均 7周 ,优良率达 91.7%。结论　采用桥式手术治疗髌骨下极骨折 ,内固定坚强 ,操作简便 ,骨折愈合快 ;可早期功能锻炼 ,并发症少 ,为髌骨下极粉碎性骨折难以维持复位的病人提供了一种完整保留髌骨的可靠方法     

内固定和外固定应用于髌骨骨折固定中疗效及依从性比较

目的对临床常用的髌骨骨折内外固定方法的疗效及手术依从性进行分析,证实抓髌器外固定的临床优势。方法将我院2007年1月-2012年12月间手术治疗的128例髌骨骨折患者随机分为2组,每组研究对象64例。一组使用抓髌器外固定,为观察组;一组使用克氏针张力内固定,为对照组;治疗后对两组研究对象的骨折愈合、并发症、关节功能、患者满意率等临床数据进行比较及统计学分析。结果观察组62例、对照组58例骨折愈合良好,观察组愈合优良率（96．9％）高于对照组（90．6％）,且具有显著差异性（P〈0．05）;在感染发生率及关节功能的比较中,观察组均优于对照组,且具有显著差异性（P〈0．05）;观察组患者满意率为98．4％,均优于对照组,且具有显著差异性（P〈0．05）。结论抓髌器外固定在髌骨骨折治疗中的疗效及依从性较克氏针张力内固定具有显著优势,尤其在髌骨粉碎性骨折中优势更加明显,适于临床推广使用。     

Adolescent patellar osteochondral fracture following patellar dislocation

Purpose

Patellar dislocations in adolescents may cause osteochondral fractures of the patella. The aim of this study was to review the outcomes of adolescent patients who underwent surgical intervention for patellar osteochondral fracture following patellar dislocation.

Methods

Nine patients who underwent surgery for osteochondral fracture of the patella following dislocation were identified retrospectively. Following arthroscopic examination, if the fragment was large enough to support fixation, headless screws or bioabsorbable pins were used. Otherwise, the loose body was excised, and the donor site was managed with a microfracture. Postoperatively, patients were assessed using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) outcome measures.

Results

The average age of the patients was 14.6 with average follow-up 30.2 months. Four of the nine patients underwent fixation, while five patients underwent removal of loose body with microfracture. The average defect size in the nonfixation group was 1.2 cm² compared with 3.2 cm² in the fixation group. The IKDC scores for fixation and nonfixation groups were 63.9 (SD = 18) and 76.1 (SD = 11.7), respectively. The KOOS subscale scores for symptoms, function in sports and recreation, and knee-related quality of life were higher for the nonfixation group when compared to the fixation group.

Conclusions

This is the first known series examining surgical outcomes of osteochondral fractures of the patella following patellar dislocations in the adolescent population. While patients without fixation were less symptomatic in this series, this may be attributable to more severe injuries in patients undergoing fracture fixation.

Level of evidence

Retrospective case series, Level IV.     

Medial patellofemoral ligament avulsion injury at the patella: classification and clinical outcome

Purpose

To define medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) injury characteristics at the patellar attachment and clinical outcome in patients with primary traumatic patellar dislocation and MPFL avulsion injury at the patella.

Methods

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess patients with primary (first-time) patellar dislocation and MPFL injury at the medial margin of the patella. Fifty-six patients with patellar attachment MPFL injury were enrolled in the study. Thirteen patients underwent surgical fixation of the avulsed MPFL and patellar medial margin osteochondral fracture, and the remaining patellar MPFL injures were treated nonoperatively. Forty-four patients were evaluated clinically at median four (range 1–10) years after patellar dislocation. The follow-up included evaluation of recurrent patellar instability, subjective symptoms, and functional limitations.

Results

Three types of patellar MPFL injuries were found; type P₀ with ligamentous disruption at the patellar attachment, type P₁ with bony avulsion fracture from the medial margin of the patella, and type P₂ with bony avulsion involving articular cartilage from the medial facet of the patella. Of the patellar MPFL avulsion injuries that underwent initial surgical fixation, two patients (2/13) reported an unstable patella at follow-up. Fifty-five per cent (17/31) of patellar MPFL avulsion injuries that were treated nonoperatively had recurrent patellar instability (n.s.). The median Kujala score was 90 for patellar avulsion with surgical fixation and 86 for patellar avulsion without surgical fixation (n.s.).

Conclusion

Patellar attachment MPFL injury showed three different patterns, classified as types P₀, P₁, and P₂. MRI can be used to assess the injury pattern. Patellar MPFL avulsion injuries do not benefit from acute surgical repair compared with nonsurgical treatment. Type P₂ patellar MPFL avulsion includes an osteochondral fracture that may require surgical fixation.

Level of evidence

Prognostic study, Level III.     

Early development of patella infera after knee fractures

The condition referred to as patella infera is characterized by a permanent shortening of the patellar ligament and is associated with a severely limited range of motion of the knee joint. Patella infera is a common complication of injury or surgery to the knee joint, and it is generally considered a condition that presents after a variable, albeit considerable time after injury. A review of the knee roentgenograms of patients with arthrofibrosis and patella infera showed this condition to be an immediate complication of knee fractures. Therefore, in order to better define the development of patella infera, the patellar height was studied during treatment of 146 knee joint fractures (46 supracondylar fractures, 50 patellar fractures and 50 tibial plateau fractures). Using the Caton-Deschamps method patelaa infera was detected in eight cases (17.39%) immediately after supracondylar fractures, in six cases (12%) after patellar fractures, and only in two cases (4%) after tibial plateau fractures. The patellar ratio remained unchanged or worsened further after treatment, and its incidence was unaffected by the type of treatment. These observations rule out etiologies such as inflammatory or algodystrophic phenomena and quadriceps inhibition, because the reduction of aptellar height was evident immediately and persisted at follow-up examinations.     

镍钛形状记忆合金聚髌器治疗髌骨骨折42例

 目的观察镍钛形状记忆合金聚髌器这一新型髌骨骨折内固定方法的疗效.方法选取我院1995年～2002年就诊的髌骨骨折患者42例,均符合手术适应证,采用镍钛形状记忆合金聚髌器治疗.结果经术后随访,优良率达97.6%,骨折愈合率达100%,随诊未发现聚髌器断爪、松动、戳破皮肤、骨折移位、骨不连及关节面阶梯等现象.结论该方法固定可靠,使用安全,疗效确切,符合髌骨骨折内固定的生物力学要求,改善了髌骨骨折内固定技术.