经颈静脉门腔分流术中Fluency覆膜支架应用的临床观察

目的 评价Fluency覆膜支架在经颈静脉门腔分流术(TIPS)中的临床效果.方法 搜集21例采用Fluency覆膜支架行TIPS治疗患者的临床病例资料进行回顾性分析.本组患者随访时间2.0～24.0个月,平均(10.1±4.6)个月;均为门静脉高压上消化道大出血,其中原发性肝癌门静脉主干癌栓伴大出血1例,布加综合征1例.分析患者术后支架开通情况,门静脉压力及肝功能变化情况.对手术前后门静脉压力及肝功能变化情况的比较采用配对t检验.结果21例患者共放支架25枚,均成功放置,支架直径10 mm 2枚、8 mm为23枚;覆膜支架长度6～8 cm.所有患者术后上消化道出血停止;门静脉压力由术前平均(25.4±3.5)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133 kPa)降为(15.4±2.8)mm Hg,手术前后差异有统计学意义(t=12.495,P<0.01).随访期间,1例原发性肝癌伴门静脉主干癌栓患者于术后4个月死亡,1例随访期间发现原发性肝癌的患者术后24个月死亡,1例门静脉高压上消化道大出血患者于术后2个月死于多器官功能衰竭,1例于术后15个月出现肝静脉端狭窄,行第2枚支架治疗效果良好,余17例随访7～17个月支架无狭窄.患者死亡前1周复查超声示支架均通畅.3例术后出现一过性肝性脑病前驱症状,经对症处理后好转.存活6个月以上的19例患者,术前Child肝功能评分(6.3±1.4)分,术后6个月评分(6.4±1.9)分,两者差异无统计学意义(t=0.645,P>0.05).结论采用Fluency覆膜支架行TIPS术,能明显提高TIPS术后开通率,但长期效果及肝性脑病的评价尚需验'证.     

覆膜支架在经颈静脉门腔分流术中的应用

目的 评价经颈静脉肝内门腔分流术(TIPS)专用覆膜支架(Viatorr支架)在TIPS中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析37例在美国俄勒冈州健康生命科技大学Dotter介入放射学研究所采用Viatorr支架行TIPS治疗的患者资料,随访时间为(15.2±9.3)个月(3-42个月).TIPS指征包括门静脉高压相关性的急慢性消化道出血,经药物及内镜治疗无效者17例;顽固性肝源性胸、腹水18例,Budd-Chiari综合征2例.采用配对t检验比较手术前后门腔静脉压力差(PSG)的变化,以Kaplan-Meier曲线分析支架开通率.结果 37例共置入41枚Viatorr支架,其中3枚直径为8 mm,38枚为10 mm,支架带膜长度为4～8 cm,无相关手术并发症.PSG由术前的(22.4±8.4)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)降为(8.1±3.2)mm Hg,差异有统计学意义(t=12.754,P<0.01).17例出血患者术后出血均停止,1例于术后17个月复发.18例严重顽固性腹水及肝性胸水患者中,4例术后腹水不消退,其余14例随访期间有2例腹水复发.2例(5.4%)发生分流道阻塞,Kaplan-Meier曲线分析结果显示1年的开通率为97.0%.术后1个月内无病死患者,2例分别于术后3个月及15个月死于多器官功能衰竭,晚期病死率为5.4%,死亡前1周内复查支架均通畅.肝移植患者5例(13.5%).结论 Viatorr支架能明显提高TIPS术后开通率,选择合适的支架,采用正确的释放技术能进一步提高疗效,但长期效果评价尚需验证.     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术中覆膜支架与非覆膜支架效果的比较

目的 对比覆膜与非覆膜支架在TIPS中应用的临床疗效.方法 回顾性研究30例临床诊断为肝硬化接受TIPS治疗(按照术后是否有覆膜支架分为覆膜支架组20例、非覆膜支架组10例)的患者的临床资料.本组患者手术前后测量门静脉压力,术后彩色超声观察分流道通畅情况.采用四格表资料的Fisher确切概率法进行两组间病死率、再出血率及肝性脑病发生率等临床指标对比.结果 30例患者手术均成功,门静脉压力在覆膜组由术前(3.78±0.50)kPa降至术后(2.21±0.44)kPa,非覆膜组由术前(3.67±0.48)kPa降至术后(2.13±0.35)kPa.术后随访资料完整的26例(覆膜支架组17例,非覆膜支架组9例),随访时间为7 d～62个月(中位随访时间23个月).随访期内死亡13例,覆膜支架组8例、非覆膜支架组5例,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),均死于上消化道出血及肝功能衰竭.覆膜组再出血5例、非覆膜组3例,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).发生肝性脑病在覆膜支架组4例、非覆膜支架组2例,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后6个月和1年分流道通畅率在覆膜支架组均为100.0%,非覆膜支架组分别为77.8%(7/9)和55.6%(5/9),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 覆膜支架组1年分流道通畅率优于非覆膜支架,但两组病死率、再出血率及肝性脑病发生率差异无统计学意义.     

门静脉高压性上消化道出血TIPS的临床应用

目的 探讨采用Fluency自膨胀覆膜支架,行经颈静脉肝内门体静脉支架分流术(TIPS)治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的效果.资料与方法 对20例患者采用Fluency自膨胀覆膜支架行TIPS及食管胃底静脉栓塞术,18例成功建立分流道,2例因严重并发症未成功.结果 门静脉压力明显降低,术前平均门静脉压梯度(27.11±4.86)cm H2O,术后平均门静脉压梯度(17.13±3.81)cm H2O,控制出血近期有效率为100%,再出血率为16.7%.术后血像明显改善,上消化道出血停止,腹水吸收明显.结论 采用Fluency自膨胀覆膜支架行TIPS治疗门静脉高压性上消化道出血具有重要的临床实用价值.     

改良经颈静脉肝内门体分流术双支架植入治疗肝硬化门静脉高压临床效果

目的 探讨采用改良经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)和双支架植入治疗肝硬化门静脉高压的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2021年5月在解放军第九六〇医院接受治疗的92例肝硬化门静脉高压患者临床资料。对常规TIPS穿刺技术进行改良,采用覆膜支架和裸支架建立分流道,测量TIPS术前后门静脉主干压力。术后3、6、12、24、36个月进行规律随访,复查超声或CT,了解支架通畅情况。结果 92例患者完成TIPS术(常规TIPS 22例,改良TIPS 70例),技术成功率100%。术后血管造影显示支架内血流通畅,无手术相关严重并发症发生。门静脉主干压力由术前(44.1±6.8)cmH₂O降低为术后(23.0±3.4)cmH₂O,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。所有患者随访(21.4±7.9)个月(3～43个月),85例支架内血流通畅,4例分别于术后10、13、24、33个月出现分流道闭塞,再次植入1枚支架后血流恢复通畅,3例分别于术后4、18、30个月死于多脏器衰竭或消化道出血。术后1年、2年、3年累计支架通畅率分别为98.9%、...     

Y形通道治疗经颈静脉肝内门体分流术后支架分流道梗阻的初步研究

目的 探讨开窗技术建立Y形通道治疗经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)后支架分流道梗阻的可行性.方法 2012年2月至2016年12月采用穿刺支架开窗梗阻建立Y形通道治疗7例支架分流道梗阻伴复发性门静脉高压所致胃底静脉曲张出血或腹水患者.术前肝功能Child-Pugh评分5～10分,平均(6.85±1.56)分.对比术前与术后5d、术后1、3、6个月门静脉和分流道内血流情况.结果 7例患者均成功重建Y形通道.平均随访11个月,无一例死亡,未发生肝性脑病.结论 梗阻支架内Y形开窗重建治疗TIPS术后支架分流道梗阻安全有效、操作方便,具有一定的临床价值.     

经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症脾切除断流术后症状复发临床效果北大核心CSCD

目的探讨经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术(TIPS)治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症脾脏断流术后症状复发的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2015年12月因肝硬化门静脉高压症接受TIPS术治疗的192例患者临床资料。其中既往接受过脾切除断流术48例(A组),未接受脾切除断流术144例(B组)。采用Cox回归模型分析影响术后疗效及预后的因素。对比分析两组术后门静脉高压症状缓解情况及临床疗效。结果 TIPS术后192例患者均成功建立肝内门体分流道,随访5~65个月,平均(35.13±7.68)个月。TIPS术前、术后A组血小板计数均高于B组(P<0.01),A组术后远期肝功能优于B组(P<0.05),A组术后肝性脑病(HE)发生率低于B组(P<0.05),两组术后分流道通畅率及生存率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肝硬化门静脉高压症脾脏断流术后症状复发患者随访9~64个月,TIPS术后门静脉高压症状可在短期内有效缓解。Cox回归模型分析显示术前Child-Pugh评分(HR=1.653,95%CI=1.721~3.298,P=0.003)、HE(HR=1.023,95%CI=0.908~0.965,P=0.008)及脾切除(HR=0.981,95%CI=1.019~1.584,P=0.041)是影响术后HE的独立影响因素。结论 TIPS术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症脾切除断流术后症状复发患者效果良好。术前接受脾切除断流术对术后支架分流道通率及生存率无明显影响,术后HE发生率较低,可能获得较好的远期肝功能。     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流双支架技术研究进展

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)目前已成为治疗肝硬化门静脉高压及其并发症的主要方法.TIPS专用Viatorr支架2015年底在中国上市,但至今未能在国内广泛应用,国内多个中心目前仍采用裸支架与覆膜支架各1枚叠加释放的双支架技术模拟Viatorr支架行TIPS.双支架技术具有独特优势,但在远期疗效上不及单支架植入.该文就TIPS双支架技术分类与优势、术后分流道功能障碍原因、术后随访、分流道功能障碍处理处理等研究进展作一综述,以期更好地发挥该技术在肝硬化门静脉高压治疗中的作用.     

Viatorr支架行TIPS术治疗门静脉高压性静脉曲张消化道出血效果评估

目的评价应用Viatorr支架行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)术治疗门静脉高压性静脉曲张消化道出血的可行性、安全性和临床效果。方法回顾性分析2015年10月至2018年11月收治的42例肝硬化门静脉高压性静脉曲张消化道出血患者临床资料,所有患者符合TIPS治疗指征,均接受Viatorr支架行TIPS术治疗。术中检测门静脉压力梯度(PPG)。术后1、3、6、12个月,之后每年随访超声或增强CT检查,评价分流道通畅情况,并通过电子病历、临床或电话随访患者肝功能、凝血4项、再出血、肝性脑病发生和生存时间。配对t检验分析术前、术后PPG、总胆红素、血清白蛋白和凝血酶原时间变化,Kaplan-Meier法分析分流道通畅率和生存率。结果 42例均成功施行TIPS术,技术成功率为100%。共植入直径8 mm Viatorr支架42枚。PPG均值由术前(26.85±6.00) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降低为(11.62±4.54) mmHg(t=11.359,P<0.05),平均降低(55.63±16.77)%。与术前相比,术后3 d总胆红素浓度升高(P<0.05),血清白蛋白降低(P<0.05),凝血酶原时间延长(P<0.05)。术后1个月总胆红素、血清白蛋白和凝血酶原时间与术前水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后中位随访14.5(2~39)个月,再出血发生率为9.5%(4/42),其中1例接受分流道再通;肝性脑病发生率为19.1%(8/42)。术后1、2、3年分流道通畅率分别为91.9%、83.9%、77.4%,生存率分别为94.7%、89.4%、82.0%。肝硬化相关死亡率为9.5%(4/42),均于术后2~30个月死于终末期肝病伴多脏器功能衰竭。结论 Viatorr支架行TIPS术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压性静脉曲张消化道出血具有较高的技术成功率,术后分流道通畅率高,肝性脑病发生率低。     

TIPS中8 mm直径覆膜支架应用的临床研究

目的 评价在TIPS中应用8 mm直径覆膜支架的临床效果.方法 对19例伴有食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血和(或)难治性腹水的门脉高压症患者行TIPS术,术中应用8mm直径的覆膜支架,术后观察临床症状改善程度,并进行定期影像学和实验室检查,以评价疗效.结果 所有患者均成功完成TIPS术,技术成功率100%,术中未出现并发症.术后平均随访13.5个月(2.7～28个月),1例(1/19,5.3%)原有肝性脑病加重;2例(10.5%)再次出血;腹水改善及治愈率为66.7%(12/18);16例患者进行了6个月的随访,初次开通率100%,8例患者随访12个月,初次开通率87.5%.结论 在TIPS术中应用8mm直径覆膜支架在保证有效分流量,提高术后分流道开通率的同时,可以降低肝性脑病的发生率.     

Stress MR imaging for evaluation of popliteal artery entrapment

The popliteal artery entrapment (PAE) syndrome has been recognized as a cause of arterial occlusion in young people. It is the result of an anomaly of the relationship between the popliteal artery and the gastrocnemius muscle. Eight young healthy volunteers (16 legs) and six patients (10 legs) with suspected PAE underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Gradient-echo images were obtained in axial planes with the leg at rest and during active plantar flexion against resistance. Imaging at rest allowed identification of PAE signs in only one leg, which had an anomalous medial course of the popliteal artery. In the other cases, only the stress technique was able to show signal loss in the popliteal artery due to muscular compression (two legs) or the presence of accessory muscle slip around the vessel (two legs), as confirmed at surgery. MR imaging is therefore a useful technique for the diagnosis of PAE because of its capability of combining information obtainable with other modalities.     

MR imaging of muscle and tender points in fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome manifested by chronic, diffuse muscu-loskeletal aching and soreness, palpable muscle tender points, and other symptoms. Standardized clinical diagnostic criteria have recently been developed. Skeletal muscle has been postulated as the end organ in this disease. Biochemical, histologic, electromyographic, and conventional radiographic studies have demonstrated no definitive abnormality. This study sought to establish whether magnetic resonance (MR) imaging could demonstrate any abnormality in these patients. Eighteen patients were entered in the study, 14 of whom were able to complete their examinations. T1 -weighted, T2-weighted, gradient-echo, and STIR (short-tau inversion-recovery) sequences were performed in all patients, with selected patients examined with T1weighted, gadopentetate dimeglu-mine-enhanced sequences. The trapezius and suboccipital regions were imaged in patients who, clinically, had active fibro-myalgia. No abnormalities could be detected. The authors conclude that the conventional MR imaging used in this study was unable to depict any primary skeletal muscle abnormality in fibromyalgia.     

Uterine contractions: Possible diagnostic pitfall at MR imaging

A total of 206 nongravid patients with various gynecologic problems underwent pelvic magnetic resonance (MR) examinations that included both sagittal T2-weighted and contrast agent–enhanced T1-weighted images. MR images were retrospectively reviewed to identify changes in endometrial configuration on serial images obtained during the same MR examination. In 20 MR examinations (all in women of reproductive age), endometrial distortion due to myometrial bulging was noted on T2-weighted or contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. It was absent on other MR images obtained at different times. Myometrial bulging exhibited low signal intensity in 18 examinations. The finding resembled adenomyosis or leiomyoma on T2-weighted or contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. These results evidence the presence of transient myometrial bulging and transient low-intensity myometrium in the nongravid uterus. This phenomenon is thought to represent uterine contraction. Clinicians should be aware of the potential presence of transient low-signal-intensity myometrial bulging that could present diagnostic problems in the normal uterus.     

Controversies in cervical spine imaging in trauma patients

No area of emergency radiology has generated as much discussion in recent years as the subject of cervical spine imaging for trauma patients. This review will be in three parts. The first will examine the indications for cervical imaging and will focus on those factors that make patients at high risk or low risk for cervical injury. The second part will discuss the merits of radiography and computed tomography as the main screening diagnostic examination. In addition to the roles of each modality in the evaluation process, such factors as efficacy of diagnosis, time (duration) of study, and cost will be discussed. Finally, the third part will explore the methods currently employed to clear the cervical spine in comatose patients.Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Emergency Radiology, Las Vegas, Nevada, 22–25 October, 2003     

Brodie Abscess: MR imaging appearance in 10 patients

The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of Brodie abscess have not yet been fully evaluated. Ten patients with Brodie abscess, eight of long bone and two of vertebra, were studied with MR imaging. Long bone abscess had a characteristic “target” appearance with four layers: (a) a center with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR (short-inversion-time inversion recovery) images, (b) an inner ring isointense to muscle on T1-weighted images and with high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR images, (c) an outer ring hypoin-tense on all images, and (d) a peripheral halo hypointense on T1-weighted images. In six of eight cases, a soft-tissue mass was found. The two vertebral abscesses had a less specific appearance, with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR images. Only the peripheral halo was clearly identified in both cases.     

Pericerebellar fluid collections in infancy,sequelae of birth injury? A retrospective CT study

Summary Retrospective analysis of axial CT scans from 600 consecutive pediatric patients revealed 37 patients (6%) with abnormal low density pericerebellar spaces. Fourteen of these 37 patients (38%) were diagnosed as cerebellar atrophy, whereas 23 of the 37 patients (62%) were diagnosed as mass-like pericerebellar fluid collections. Detailed analysis of the morphology of these spaces suggests that the CT criteria proposed in this paper distinguish between (a) those low attenuation pericerebellar spaces that represent cisternal dilatation caused by cerebellar atrophy (Group I — Atrophy) and (b) those low attenuation pericerebellar spaces that represent low density mass-like collections of fluid which distort a relatively normal cerebellum (Group II — Collections). Analysis of the medical records of the patients in Group II — Collections reveal a high incidence of prematurity, developmental delay, difficult birth and head trauma, possibly indicating that such collections represent sequelae of birth.     

Adrenal tissue characterization with 0.5-T MR imaging: Value of T2*-weighted images

The authors investigated the value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 0.5 T for distinguishing adrenal adenomas from adrenal metastases. The series included 23 adrenal adenomas (18 nonhyperfunctioning, five hyperfunctioning) and 23 adrenal metastases from various organs. Adrenal tumor–liver signal intensity ratios on T1-, T2-, and T2*-weighted images were calculated for adrenal tissue characterization. Adrenal adenomas were more precisely distinguished from adrenal metastases on T2*-weighted images (21 of 23, 91%) than on T2-weighted images (15 of 23, 65%). T1-weighted images were not useful for this distinction. In conclusion, T2*-weighted images were better than routine T2-weighted images for distinguishing adrenal adenomas from adrenal metastases. It can be postulated that the total signal intensity of adrenal adenomas, which contain some fat components, decreased on T2*-weighted images because of an out-of-phase effect.     

Localized proton MR spectroscopy of the brain in children

Small-voxel (3.0–8.0 cm³), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging–guided proton MR spectroscopy was performed in 54 patients (aged 6 days to 19 years) with intracranial masses (n = 16), neurodegenerative disorders (n = 34), and other neurologic diseases (n = 4) and in 23 age-matched control subjects without brain disease. A combined short TE (18 msec) stimulatedecho acquisition mode (STEAM) and long TE (135 and/or 270 msec) spin-echo point-resolved spatially localized spectroscopy (PRESS) protocol, using designed radio-frequency pulses, was performed at 1.5 T. STEAM spectra revealed short T2 and/or strongly coupled metabolites; prominent resonances were obtained from N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), and total creatine (tCr). Lactate was well resolved with the long TE PRESS sequence. Intracranial tumors were readily differentiated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collections. All tumors showed low NAA, high Cho, and reduced tCr levels. Neurodegenerative disorders showed low or absent NAA levels and enhanced mobile lipid, glutamate and glutamine, and inositol levels, consistent with neuronal loss, gliosis, demyelination, and amino acid neuro-toxicity. Preliminary experience indicates that proton MR spectroscopy can contribute in the evaluation of central nervous system abnormalities of infants and children.     

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging assessment of vascularized free fibular grafts

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may be a noninvasive method for assessing perfusion of vascularized bone grafts placed for treatment of avascular necrosis. One proximal femur of seven beagles was devascularized, with insertion of a vascularized fibular graft. MR imaging at 1 week (seven dogs) and 6 weeks (five dogs) after surgery included pre- and postcontrast spin-echo sequences, unenhanced twodimensional time-of-flight (TOF) vascular imaging, and dynamic gradient-echo imaging during infusion of gadolinium. Relative signal intensity values of selected regions obtained from the dynamic gradientecho images were plotted as percent enhancement versus time. In the operated hip, MR imaging did not show enhancement in six of seven femoral heads and greater trochanters at 1 week after surgery, with similar results after 6 weeks. MR imaging of fibular grafts 6 weeks after surgery showed an initial rapid increase in enhancement and a subsequent slower increase in five of five dogs, although no enhancement was seen in six of seven dogs at 1 week. These findings contrasted with a rapid initial increase in enhancement followed by slow decline in non-operated hips. Two-dimensional TOP imaging did not show the vascular pedicle of the graft in any dog. Findings of radionuclide bone scanning performed 1 week after surgery were consistent with devascularization of the operated femur and fibular graft. However, tetracycline distribution and histologic findings confirmed the viability of five of five grafts within the devascularized femurs 6 weeks after surgery. Thus, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging at 6 weeks after surgery is valuable for assessing vascular bone graft perfusion, while similar imaging at 1 week may suggest otherwise.