椎旁定位腰骶体感诱发电位在腰椎间盘突出症中的诊断作用

目的探讨椎旁定位腰骶体感诱发电位（LSSEP）在腰椎间盘突出症中的诊断作用.方法对54例有L4、L5和S1神经根损害表现的腰椎间盘突出症患者进行胫后神经体感诱发电位（SEP）、皮节体感诱发电位（DSEP）和椎旁定位LSSEP检查,测定其P40的潜伏期.结果胫后神经SEP检测异常率为40.74%,其中多水平突出的异常率明显高于单水平突出者（P＜0.01）;L5S1 DSEP异常率为87.04%,明显高于胫后神经SEP异常率（P＜0.01）;椎旁定位LSSEP异常率为96.30%,显著高于胫后神经SEP和DSEP异常率（P＜0.01）.在L3～4椎间盘突出中,以L4 LSSEP异常为主,L4～5椎间盘突出中,以L5 LSSEP异常为主.结论椎旁定位LSSEP是诊断腰椎间盘突出症快捷、可靠、敏感的检测方法,其结果与神经根受累水平相一致,对多水平突出手术入路的定位较为准确.     

腰椎间盘突出症与多裂肌退变相关性的定量影像学研究

目的：探讨多裂肌退变与腰椎间盘突出症的相关性，进一步了解椎旁肌对腰椎稳定性的影响，为腰椎间盘突出症治疗与预防提供依据。方法：选取60例腰椎间盘突出症患者为研究对象（患者组），男、女各30例，以同期行健康体检、无腰椎间盘突出的60例志愿者为对照组，男、女各30例；2组性别、年龄、身高、体质量指数相匹配。应用MRS分析，Image J软件测量2组MRI T₂WI上L_4~5椎间隙神经根出口水平两侧多裂肌、竖脊肌、腰大肌横截面积和MRS脂肪峰波峰下面积，并行独立样本t检验。结果：在L_4~5水平，多裂肌横截面积及肌肉波谱脂肪峰波峰下面积，男性患者组与男性对照组相比差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），女性患者组与女性对照组相比差异亦均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。竖脊肌及腰大肌横截面积，男性患者组与男性对照组相比差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05），女性患者组与女性对照组相比差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论：腰椎间盘突出症患者与对照组相比多裂肌有不同程度退变，且退变与腰椎间盘突出症有一定相关性，MRI在腰椎椎旁肌形态与功能定量分析中具有重要价值。     

15~24岁腰骶椎解剖变异与椎间盘突出的相关性探讨

目的 研究青少年腰骶椎解剖结构发育变异与腰椎间盘突出的关系.方法 通过分析684例15~24岁腰腿痛患者的腰椎CT图像,观察峡部不连、侧弯畸形、移行椎、隐裂、腰骶角、其他(椎旁肌肉、棘突、两侧横突)的解剖发育变异,并分析其与椎间盘突出的相关性.结果 峡部不连、侧弯畸形、移行椎、隐裂、腰骶角、其他(椎旁肌肉、棘突、两侧横突)的解剖发育变异与椎间盘突出的相关性分别为93.6%、92.3%、87.5%、81.3%、72.1%、53.3%;有解剖变异的患者中91.4%出现椎间盘突出,无解剖变异的患者中仅36.2%出现椎间盘突出.结论 腰骶椎解剖结构发育变异是青少年腰椎间盘突出的主要原因,CT检查可以反映两者之间的相关性.     

等长收缩可以减轻关节源性肌肉抑制

等长练习可以作为关节源性肌肉软弱的治疗方法,但并不清楚它怎样减轻关节源性肌肉抑制。本研究旨在探讨等长收缩减轻关节源性肌肉抑制的机制。方法对22位单侧膝关节骨关节炎患者进行股四头肌最大等长收缩和定量髌腱反射的肌电图测试,比较患膝上两者肌电波幅的减低程度。结果患膝股四头肌的最大等长收缩和定量髌腱反射波幅均显著低于健侧,而髌腱反射肌电波幅的减低程度则显著地大于股四头肌最大等长收缩肌电波幅的减低程度。等长收缩状态下,高位中枢参与了减轻抑制的作用,这个发现可作为等长练习治疗关节源性肌肉抑制的理论基础。     

平山病的肌电图及神经传导特点

目的分析平山病的肌电图(EMG)及神经传导特点,以提高对平山病的诊断水平。方法对33例确诊平山病患者进行常规肌电图、感觉及运动神经传导速度检测。部分患者行运动神经传导分段检测。结果患者患侧上肢及对侧上肢远端肌(不包括肱桡肌)肌电图呈神经源性改变者分别为100%及97.0%。1例肱桡肌肌电图出现神经源性改变。4例出现上肢近端肌肌电图异常,其中1例累及下肢肌。上肢远端肌肌电图异常率(89.9%)明显高于上肢近端肌(6.7%)及下肢肌(1.7%)。上肢神经存在远端运动潜伏期(DML)延长及复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)波幅下降的现象,尺神经运动传导检测CMAP波幅患侧(2.52±1.83mV)较对侧(9.82±3.57mV)明显下降(P<0.01),患侧DML值(4.25±1.33ms)与对侧上肢(3.28±0.36ms)相比无统计学差异(P=0.1135),无神经传导阻滞。结论平山病可出现电生理上的亚临床改变,神经电生理检查对其有较高的诊断价值。     

脊柱旋转复位法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的护理

脊柱旋转复位法是既区别于传统中医,又区别于西医治疗腰椎间盘突出症的一种中西医结合有效的新方法.腰椎间盘突出症是由于损伤和/或退变引起单(多)个椎体移位,导致脊柱内外平衡失调、髓核突出、压迫神经根所致.在临床上可见病人有腰腿串痛,腰椎棘突偏歪,上下棘间隙不等宽,椎旁放射性压痛,椎间韧带损伤等症状或体征.1980年10月至1984年12月,共收治腰椎间盘突出症375例,痊愈310例(82.67%),好转50例(13.33%),总有效率     

CT引导经皮穿刺治疗腰椎间盘突出症所致坐骨神经痛的疗效分析

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺治疗腰椎间盘突出症引起坐骨神经痛的疗效。方法 CT检查发现有腰椎间突出症伴明确临床体征75例，CT引导下经皮穿刺至相应椎间孔神经根处注射由得宝松、维生素B12和利我卡因组成混合药液，使药液分面到椎管内硬膜外。结果 CT引导穿刺注药成改善，9.3%治疗无效，症状无明显改善。结论 CT引导治疗腰椎间盘突出症所臻坐骨神经痛的方法是一种安全、可靠、有效且无并发症的新疗法，其无期疗效有待进一步观察。     

经皮腰椎间盘髓核切割术前后诱发电位的应用

目的 研究皮节体感诱发电位(DSEP)在腰椎间盘突出症经皮腰椎间盘髓核切割术(PLD)前后的改变。方法 对31例有L5和S1神经根损害表现的腰椎间盘突出症患者，行PLD术前后进行L5和S1的DSEP检查，测定其第1负相波N40峰的峰潜伏期，并进行手术前后比较。结果 术前DSEP检测的异常率达90．3％(28／31)，主要表现为N40峰潜伏期延长；术后DSEP复查异常率明显减少，为16．1％(5／31)，术前DSEP检测异常者术后DSEP复查表现为N40峰潜伏期较术前明显缩短：结论 DSEP检查是在PLD术前判断神经根功能受损程度和术后神经根功能改善程度客观、敏感和可靠的检测方法，可协助判断PLD的疗效。     

小切口手术治疗青年腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨微创小切口手术治疗青年腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法对142例青年腰椎间盘突出症患者采用微创小切口、有限剥离骶棘肌和椎板开窗施行手术,并对手术适应证及操作要点进行分析。结果对142例患者随访8个月~5年,平均3.1年,无神经根和硬脊膜损伤,其中优133例,良6例,可3例,优良率97.9%。结论微创小切口手术治疗青年腰椎间盘突出症具有创伤小,出血少,对脊柱稳定影响小,外观美,术后康复快等优点。熟练的手术技巧是保证手术疗效,减少术后复发的关键。     

关节源性肌肉抑制的定量腱反射肌电图检查

目的 :膝关节骨关节炎 (kneeosteoarthritis,膝OA )可造成关节源性肌肉抑制 (arthrogenousmuscleinhibition ,AMI)和肌肉软弱。以往AMI的测定方法均有不足处。本研究旨在使用定量腱反射肌电图检查来诊断评价AMI。方法 :对 36例单侧膝OA患者进行股神经最大电刺激、定量的髌腱反射肌电图检查 ,比较健患侧电生理参数的差异。同时作股神经最大电刺激和定量髌腱反射时 ,肌电波幅减低程度之间的比较。另外 ,对 8例志愿者 (16个肢体 )作了定量腱反射的准确度检验。结果 :健侧与患侧相比 ,膝OA的股神经最大电刺激的肌电波幅与潜伏期无显著差别 ,但患侧定量髌腱反射肌电波幅却显著地低于健侧。另外 ,定量髌腱反射肌电波幅的减低程度显著地大于股神经最大电刺激肌电波幅的减低程度。 36例患者中 ,有 2 5例 (6 9 4% )表现出明显的肌肉抑制。在志愿者定量腱反射肌电图检查的准确度检验中 ,算出的平均变异系数为 0 0 71,且两侧反射波幅的差值基本在 10 %以内。小结 :在电刺激表明肌萎缩不明显的前提下 ,定量腱反射的肌电图检查显示膝OA的股四头肌有明显的AMI,此关节源性肌肉抑制为脊髓前角运动神经元的抑制。     

Correlation between the MRI changes in the lumbar multifidus muscles and leg pain

AIM: In the assessment of the lumbar spine by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), changes in the paraspinal muscles are frequently overlooked. In this study, our objective was to investigate the relationships between lumbar multifidus (MF) muscle atrophy and low back pain (LBP), leg pain and intevertebral disc degeneration. METHODS: A retrospective study of 78 patients (aged 17-72) with LBP presenting with back pain with or without associated leg pain was undertaken. Their MR images were visually analysed for signs of lumbar MF muscle atrophy, disc degeneration and nerve root compression. The clinical history in each case was obtained from their case notes and pain drawing charts. RESULTS: MF muscle atrophy was present in 80% of the patients with LBP. The correlation between MF muscle atrophy and leg pain was found to be significant (P < 0.01). However, the relationships between muscle atrophy and radiculopathy symptoms, nerve root compression, herniated nucleus pulposus and number of degenerated discs were statistically not significant.CONCLUSION: Examination of the paraspinal muscles looking for atrophy of MF muscle should be considered when assessing MR images of lumbar spine. This may explain the referred leg pain in the absence of other MR abnormalities.     

腰骶脊神经根MR成像术在腰椎间盘突出中的应用

目的 探讨腰骶脊神经根MR成像术在腰椎间盘突出中的应用价值. 资料与方法 分析65例椎间盘突出患者腰骶脊神经根MR成像术表现. 结果 在神经根成像术上所有病例腰骶部脊神经根及神经节呈高信号.64.9%的椎间盘突出单根神经根受累,17.0%的椎间盘突出2根神经根同时受累,7.4%的椎间盘突出多根神经根受累;10.7%的椎间盘突出仅见硬膜囊受压. 结论 腰骶脊神经根MR成像术能直观地显示腰骶部脊神经根走行及受压情况.     

CT引导下针刀神经根松解联合神经根阻滞治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的观察CT引导下针刀神经根松解联合神经根阻滞治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。资料与方法将确诊为腰椎间盘突出症的86例患者随机分为治疗组(n=44)和对照组(n=42)。治疗组行腰椎CT引导下针刀神经根松解联合神经根阻滞治疗;对照组行单纯腰椎间孔神经阻滞治疗,观察治疗后7～10天、3个月、6个月的疗效,对两组疗效进行比较。结果两组病例综合疗效优良率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察治疗组优良率明显高于对照组。结论 CT引导下针刀松解触激神经根加周围阻滞治疗具有显效快、疗效好、操作简便、微创潜在风险低的优势,可操作性强,易于临床推广。     

椎间盘内联合神经根周围注射臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的：评价椎间盘内联合神经根周围注射臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法：126例腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分成两组,单纯注射组57例,在血管机（DSA）引导下用21G穿刺针穿刺至病变椎间盘内,缓慢注射浓度60ug/ml的臭氧气体20ml;联合注射组69例,同法椎间盘内注射60ug/ml的臭氧20ml后,退针至椎间孔神经根周围,缓慢注入浓度为60ug/ml的臭氧10ml。根据MacNab方法,分别判定两组患者治疗后1、3、6、12个月的治疗效果。结果：单纯注射组治疗后总有效率分别为49.12%、61.40%、64.91%、59.65%。联合注射组为82.61%、81.16%、84.06%、75.36%。两组间疗效差异均有显著性意义。所有患者均未发现严重并发症。结论：椎间盘内联合神经根周围注射臭氧是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的一种有效的微创治疗方法。     

臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症104例疗效分析

目的观察臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效。方法104例患者经CT或MRI检查证实为腰椎间盘突出症。临床主要表现为腰背部及下肢疼痛或麻木,全部病例共144个病变椎间盘。透视下采用21G穿刺针穿刺病变椎间盘,盘内及椎旁间隙注射50μg/ml浓度的臭氧气体4～10ml,注射泼尼松龙40mg。结果2009年3月进行末次随访,随访率100%,随访时间为3～84个月,中位随访时间为38个月。总有效率77.1%,无任何严重并发症发生。结论经皮椎间盘及椎旁间隙臭氧注射术疗效可靠,安全。     

MR imaging in the differential diagnosis of neurogenic foot drop

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Prolonged T2 relaxation time of denervated muscle has been described in several clinical and experimental studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of MR imaging in the diagnosis of neurogenic muscle disorders compared with that of clinical and electrophysiologic examination. METHODS: In a prospective study, 40 consecutive patients clinically presenting with a foot drop were included. MR imaging of the lower leg included axial T1-weighted and axial turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM) sequences. Two readers blinded to clinical data evaluated T1-weighted images for anatomic localization of affected muscles and TIRM images for patterns of signal intensity increase. After MR imaging, a detailed neurophysiologic examination was performed. Cause of foot drop was independently determined on the basis of MR and electrophysiologic data. RESULTS: Clinical examination and electromyography (EMG) disclosed 20 peroneal nerve lesions, nine cases of L5 radiculopathy, and 11 nerve lesions extending beyond neural structures. MR imaging revealed three distinct patterns of signal intensity increase on TIRM images: peroneal nerve pattern, L5 pattern, and unspecific pattern. MR imaging and EMG findings were in agreement in 37 (92%) of 40 patients. In three patients, MR imaging revealed a more widespread involvement than did EMG. In one of these patients, denervation in the corresponding muscle was validated by follow-up EMG. No false-negative diagnoses were made by use of MR imaging as compared with use of EMG. CONCLUSION: MR imaging improves accuracy in the differential diagnosis of peripheral nerve lesions compared with that of EMG and can supplement EMG in the diagnosis of denervated muscles.     

Are paraspinal muscle quantity,lumbar indentation value,and subcutaneous fat thickness related to disc degeneration? An MRI-based study

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between lumbar disc herniation and Goutallier classification (GC), lumbar indentation value, and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness.Methods102 consecutive patients (59 female and 43 male) with lumbar back pain, numbness, tingling, or pain in the lower extremity indicating radiculopathy who had undergone lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and had an intervertebral disc herniation in the L4-5 level, were included in the study. 102 patients who have undergone lumbar MRI in the same time period and have no disc herniation were chosen to be the control group and were selected so as to match the herniated group for sex and age. All these patients’ scans were re-interpreted regarding paraspinal muscle atrophy (using the GC), lumbar indentation value, and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness in the L4-5 level.ResultsThe Goutallier score was higher in the herniated group, compared with the non-herniated group (p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference between herniated and non-herniated groups regarding lumbar indentation value (LIV) and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SATT). A Goutallier score of 1.5 provided the highest sensitivity x specificity value to indicate the disc herniation according to the statistical results. The individuals with a Goutallier score of 2, 3, and 4 have 2.87 times more likely to have disc herniation in their MRIs than the ones with a score of 0 and 1.ConclusionParaspinal muscle atrophy seems to be related to the presence of disc herniations. The cut-off value of GC to indicate the disc herniation in this study might be useful to predict the risk for disc herniation regarding the Goutallier score. The LIV and SATT measured in magnetic resonance images were randomly distributed between individuals with herniated and non-herniated groups, and statistically, no relationship was observed between these groups regarding these parameters.Implications for practiceThe effect of the parameters studied in this research on disc herniations are expected to be an added value to the literature. The awareness of risk factors for intervertebral disc herniations might be used in preventive medicine to predict the risk and understand the tendency of an individual for disc herniations to occur in the future. Further investigations are needed to establish whether there is a causal relationship or correlation between these parameters and disc herniation.     

突出物内外靶位注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床研究

目的：观察突出物内外靶位注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法：筛选确诊为腰椎间盘突出症的患者120例。根据入院先后分为两组。经骶管裂孔穿刺硬膜外前间隙置管法（以下简称对照组）组60例;突出物内外靶位注射胶原酶（以下简称实验组）组60例。临床疗效采用VAS评分和改良MacNab评分,分别评价术后7天,电话随访3、6个月疗效。结果：术后7 d、3、6个月的有效率分别为74%、83%、86.6%;86%、92%、95%,组间比较差异显著性（P〈0.05）。结论：突出物内外靶位注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症是治疗椎间盘突出症的有效方法,效果明显优于经骶管裂孔穿刺硬膜外前间隙置管法。     

直立位椎管造影对腰椎间盘突出的诊断价值

目的　评价直立位椎管造影对腰椎间盘突出的诊断价值。方法　经CT或MRI诊断的腰椎间盘突出 196例术前进行直立位椎管造影检查。结果　直立位椎管造影的诊断结果与CT或MRI基本符合 ,但有 7例直立位椎管造影发现L4～ 5椎间盘突出并伴有神经根受压 ,而CT或MRI未能显示。结论　直立位椎管造影对腰椎间盘突出的诊断可能优于CT或MRI ,尤其对L4 5椎间盘突出伴有神经根受压的病例。