经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折(附13例报告)

目的　探讨经皮穿刺、球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折的疗效。方法　随访老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折患者 13例 ,男 5例 ,女 8例 ,年龄 6 1～ 78岁 ,平均 6 7岁 ,伤椎T112例 ,T12 5例 ,L13例 ,L2 2例 ,1例为T10 ～L14个椎体。在C型臂X线机或导航系统下 ,采用经皮穿刺 ,在椎弓根建立 4 5mm直径的管性通道 ,将耐高压可扩张球囊置入伤椎 ,高压注入造影剂使球囊扩张 ,将松质骨向两侧终板挤压 ,抬高椎体 ,X线确认椎体高度恢复或终板变形 ,记录球囊压力以及容量 ,抽出造影剂 ,并取出球囊 ,将计算好的同体积等温固化骨水泥注入扩张产生的空腔 ,待骨水泥固化后 ,拔除工作套管 ,手术完成。结果　 13例患者术后腰背部疼痛基本消失 ,6～ 8h后可以离床活动 ,术后X线确认压缩骨折椎体基本复位 ,后凸畸形平均矫正 14°(10°～ 2 8°) ,术后随诊 1～ 12个月 ,腰背痛无复发 ,伤椎高度无丢失。结论　经皮穿刺、球囊扩张椎体成形术作为治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折的一种新型微创技术 ,操作简便 ,能够迅速缓解疼痛 ,改善功能。     

单球囊椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折

目的:探讨应用单球囊扩张行椎体后凸成形术治疗的临床价值。方法:14例疼痛性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折患者,累及椎体23个。在X线监测下,经双侧椎弓根穿刺伤椎,使用单球囊先后置入两侧,完成球囊扩张,改善椎体高度,骨水泥填充。术后观察疼痛缓解状况与骨折复位情况。结果:14例患者手术顺利,术后72h内疼痛均完全缓解,无临床并发症。术前伤椎椎体前缘和中部高度平均分别丢失(14.80±4.03)mm和(10.68±3.89)mm,术后平均分别丢失(10.32±3.92)mm和(6.37±3.58)mm。后凸畸形由术前平均(21.2±5.9)°,矫正至术后(11.6±3.9)°。1例1个椎间隙发现少许骨水泥渗漏,但无临床症状,其余椎体无明显骨水泥渗漏的X线表现。结论:应用单球囊行椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折疗效满意。     

椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效和安全性。方法10例疼痛性老年骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折患者,累及椎体11个。在X线监测下,经双侧椎弓根穿刺伤椎,置入可扩张球囊,推注对比剂扩张球囊,使塌陷椎体复位,并在椎体内形成空腔,应用骨水泥在牙膏期时向空腔内填充。术后观察疼痛缓解状况与骨折复位情况。结果10例患者手术顺利,术后48h内疼痛均完全缓解,无临床并发症。术后伤椎椎体高度恢复满意。后凸畸形矫正6°～24°。1例患者术后CT检查发现在椎体前侧缘有少量骨水泥外溢。结论椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折安全有效。     

单球囊多次扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗多发性骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折

目的探讨单球囊多次扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗多发性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折的临床价值。方法33例疼痛性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折患者,累及椎体76个。在X线监测下,使用单球囊先后置入多个椎体,并多次扩张,改善椎体高度,骨水泥填充。术后观察疼痛缓解状况与骨折复位情况。结果33例患者手术顺利,术后1周内疼痛明显缓解,无并发症。患者视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)由术前平均(6.46±1.40)分降至(1.65±0.42)分;Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分由术前平均71.38%降至22.92%。球囊扩张压力为120～300psi,平均为171.2psi;球囊扩张次数为2～6次,平均扩张3.3次,仅1个球囊在第6次扩张中破裂。术前伤椎椎体前缘和中部高度平均分别丢失(14.43±4.18)mm和(10.49±3.70)mm,术后平均分别丢失(9.79±3.64)mm和(5.52±2.83)mm。Cobb角由术前平均23.33°±6.33°,矫正至术后12.51°±4.32°。2例2个椎体前侧缘发现少许骨水泥渗漏,但无临床症状,其余椎体无明显骨水泥渗漏的X线表现。结论应用单球囊多次扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗多发性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折疗效满意,并降低了手术费用。     

用国产器械行椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折的价值

目的探讨用国产器械行椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折的疗效和安全性。方法 16例疼痛性老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折患者,累及椎体19个。在 X 线监测下,经双侧椎弓根穿刺受累椎体,置人可扩张球囊,推注对比剂扩张球囊,使塌陷椎体复位,并在椎体内形成空腔,应用骨水泥在牙膏期时向空腔内填充。术后观察疼痛缓解状况与骨折复位情况。结果 16例患者手术顺利,术后48 h 内疼痛均完全缓解,无临床并发症。术前受累椎体前缘和中部高度分别压缩(14.8±4.1)mm 和(10.4±4.4)mm,术后分别压缩(10.7±3.5)mm 和(5.4±2.7)mm,差异有统计学意义(t 值分别为3.96、5.37,P 值均<0.01)。后凸畸形由术前平均(22.4±5.8)°,矫正至术后(12.1±5.3)°,手术前后差异有统计学意义(t=5.93,P<0.01)。术后 CT 检查发现1例患者在椎体前侧缘有少量骨水泥外溢。结论用国产器械行椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折,安全有效。     

CT引导下单球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术的临床应用

目的探讨CT引导下经椎弓根单球囊跨中线扩张后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折的疗效及优缺点。资料与方法 37例疼痛性骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折患者,累及椎体47个。在CT引导下,经一侧椎弓根单球囊置入椎体中线区,使单球囊在椎体内跨中线扩张,骨水泥在椎体内跨中线分布,术后观察患者的疗效及骨折复位情况。结果 37例(47个椎体)均穿刺成功,术前受累椎体前缘高度(12.05±3.73)mm,术后恢复至(16.49±4.85)mm,差异有统计学意义,后凸畸形由术前(23.4±5.4)°,矫正至术后(12.3±4.7)°,手术前后差异有统计学意义。结论 CT引导下单球囊椎体后凸成形术,路径设计合理,穿刺成功率高,避免多次重复穿刺,所以创伤小、手术时间短;有效地解除了由于骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折引起的多种临床症状。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗新鲜骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床分析

目的 初步分析经皮脊柱后凸成形术治疗新鲜椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效.方法 对30例平均年龄72(65～81)岁的患者进行了可控性的前瞻性研究,所有病例均为孤立的胸腰椎(T8～L4)骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折且不伴神经功能障碍,且均予以球囊扩张的经皮脊柱后凸成形术.术后平均随访12个月.结果 通过经皮脊柱后凸成形术,患者的脊柱后凸角有显著改善,从术前的平均12.5°变为术后平均6.6°.患者的疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analog Scale;VAS)也于此同时由术前的平均8.2降到术后的1.6.结论 经皮脊柱后凸成形术的应用对新鲜骨质疏松性椎体压缩性椎体骨折的患者具有良好的临床效果.     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的探讨经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效。方法45例(共99个椎体)骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者行PKP治疗。所有手术均在C形臂X线机引导下进行。术前、术后及最终随访时分别进行视觉模拟疼痛评分、活动能力评分、使用止痛药物评分及Cobb角测量。结果所有手术均顺利完成,无严重手术并发症。视觉模拟评分(VAS)由术前的(7.8±1.1)分下降至术后的(2.3±0.8)分,最终随访时为(2.5±0.6)分。活动能力评分由术前的(3.3±0.5)分改善到术后的(1.2±0.3)分,最终随访时为(1.3±0.4)分。使用止痛药物评分由术前的(1.6±0.5)分下降至术后的(0.3±0.1)分,最终随访时为(0.4±0.2)分。Cobb角由术前的(30±5.3)°,矫正到术后的(21±3.6)°,最终随访时为(23±3.8)°。术后与术前、最终随访时与术前差别有显著性意义(P0.05);术后与最终随访时差别无显著性意义(P0.05)。结论经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的有效方法,创伤小,安全性好,能有效缓解疼痛,矫正后凸畸形。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折的临床效果。方法本组13例患者，男5例，女8例，年龄57岁-92岁，平均72岁，均为椎体后壁完整的疼痛性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折，病变部位：胸椎6处，腰椎9处，在DSA监测下对15个椎体行PVP，术后行cT检查。随访4个月-36个月（平均16．5个月）。结果13例患者手术均顺利完成，在术后48h内疼痛均明显缓解，均未出现肺栓塞、骨髓泥渗漏、神经损伤等并发症。术后住院1d～4d（平均1．5d）。结论PVP为疼痛性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折患者缓解疼痛症状和控制并发症提供了一种较好的微创治疗方法。     

应用经皮椎体成形术及经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的 观察应用经皮椎体成形术(PVP)以及经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporosis vertebra compressed fracture,OVCF)的临床疗效.方法 选择2007年8月-2009年7月收治的42例采用PVP或PKP治疗的OVCF患者,应用视觉模拟疼痛评分(VA...     

Occurrence of new vertebral body fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporosis

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence and findings of vertebral body compression fractures adjacent to those previously treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The findings in 177 patients treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty for more than 2 years were reviewed retrospectively. The following parameters were reviewed: primary diagnosis, patient age and sex, date of treatment with vertebroplasty, vertebral level(s) treated, pedicular approach, and amount of polymethylmethacrylate injected per vertebral body. Patients with acute compression fractures secondary to osteoporosis were selected. RESULTS: Of 177 patients treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty, 22 (12.4%) developed a total of 36 new vertebral body fractures following treatment. Of the 36 newly documented fractures, 24 (67%) involved vertebrae adjacent to the previously treated vertebral level(s), whereas 12 (33%) involved the collapse of nonadjacent vertebrae. In addition, 24 (67%) of the 36 new vertebral fractures occurred within 30 days after treatment of the initial fracture(s). CONCLUSION: A substantial number of patients with osteoporosis develop new fractures after undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty; two-thirds of these new fractures occur in vertebrae adjacent to those previously treated.     

C形臂X线机与CT联合导向在经皮椎体成形术中的应用

目的探讨在移动式C形臂X线机与16排CT联合导向下,经皮椎体成形术中在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的操作方法及优势。方法将移动式C形臂X线机与16排CT置于同一机房,组成组合机。16排CT扫描病变椎体及相邻椎体,确定穿刺点及穿刺路径,评价术后椎体情况;移动式C形臂X线机实时透视监视注射聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(骨水泥)。结果在组合机引导下对12例单椎体压缩骨折的患者行经皮椎体成形术成功率100%,无并发症发生。结论移动式C形臂X线机与16排CT联合导向在经皮椎体成形术中的操作简便、定位准确、监视实时、导向安全,特别提高了L4椎体平面以上各椎体行椎体成形术的安全性。     

经皮椎体成形术常见并发症及治疗对策

目的：探讨经皮椎体成形术的常见并发症及治疗对策。方法：对2003年10月至2006年12月应用经皮椎体成形术治疗的110例老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折进行回顾性研究,分析了并发症及治疗对策。结果：本组出现并发症37例,其中骨水泥渗漏至椎管内造成神经损伤2例,骨水泥注入至椎体旁治疗无效者1例,骨水泥渗漏至椎体旁以及椎间隙32例,术后3 d原位再次骨折2例。1例神经损伤患者术后2 d经保守治疗自行恢复,1例再次行开放手术取出椎管内骨水泥,神经功能部分恢复,其余患者经过制动等治疗后症状缓解。结论：椎体成形手术创伤小,但风险大,骨水泥渗漏至椎管内造成神经损伤是最严重的并发症,及时、正确的处理可以将神经损伤程度降至最低。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术在野战综合手术救治方舱中的应用

目的 灾难救治现场,于野战综合手术救治方舱中对老年性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的受灾患者行经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)的近期临床疗效分析.方法 回顾性分析2013年4月-2016年8月由该院参与救治的老年性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者43例(51椎),患者伤后立即在该院研制的野战综合手术救治方舱中行PKP手术,观察患者平均手术时间,比较手术前后痛觉视觉模拟评分(VAS)的变化和侧位X线平片上相应节段Cobb角的变化及椎体前、中、后缘高度的变化.结果 本组43例患者平均手术时间(52±15) min,术后VAS疼痛评分较术前明显降低(P＜0.01),术后伤椎相应节段Cobb角较术前有显著改变(P＜0.01),且伤椎椎体前、中缘高度较术前均由明显恢复(P＜0.01),差异均有显著统计学意义.结论 在野战综合手术救治方舱中对骨质疏松性压缩性骨折患者行PKP治疗是对老年患者紧急治疗的十分有效的方法,能早期解决患者骨折所导致的剧烈疼痛,改善患者预后.     

Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging after percutaneous vertebroplasty does not improve the short-term prediction of new compression fractures

Purpose: To investigate the relationships between contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and new compression fractures occurring after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in order to determine the necessity of contrast-enhanced MRI.

Material and Methods: The material comprised 13 consecutive patients (27 vertebrae) with compression fractures who underwent vertebroplasty. Twenty-nine adjacent vertebrae were monitored for new compression fractures. We performed contrast-enhanced MRI within the 5 days following PVP.

Results: The 29 adjacent vertebrae displayed 10 enhanced lesions and 19 vertebral bodies without enhancement-unenhanced lesions on MRI within the 5 days after PVP. In 4 out of 10 vertebrae, enhanced lesions were seen within the 5 days after PVP, but no abnormalities were seen on preoperative MRI. In these 4 vertebrae, new compression fractures were seen within the 1 month following PVP. In the other 6 vertebrae, enhanced lesions were seen within the 5 days after PVP, and these signal changes were detected by preoperative MRI in the same area. In 3 of these 6 vertebrae, new compression fractures occurred at 4, 8, and 9 months after PVP, respectively. However, all of the enhanced lesions were detectable on unenhanced MRI, which was conducted at the same time as enhanced MRI.

Conclusion: New compression fractures after PVP may be predicted with early postoperative MRI. Contrast-enhanced MRI does not improve detection of the new lesions.     

椎弓根钉内固定治疗骨质疏松多节段椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨胸腰椎后路椎弓根钉内固定治疗骨质疏松致椎体严重压缩骨折的可行性和临床效果。方法应用椎弓根钉内固定治疗骨质疏松致椎体严重压缩骨折16例,2节段10例,3节段4例,4节段2例,其中9例合并椎管狭窄。结果 16例术后随访11～42个月,平均22个月。复查X线片见螺钉的方向、长度均满意,原伤椎未进一步压缩,无内固定物松动及断裂,胸腰部及腿部疼痛症状消失或明显减轻,脊柱融合好。结论椎弓根钉内固定适用于不能行椎体成形术的严重椎体压缩性骨折,它具有安全、可靠及缓解疼痛效果好的优点。     

中老年椎体成形术后其它椎体骨折的再次椎体成形术

目的：探讨中老年患者首次椎体成形术后胸腰椎其它椎体新发生压缩性骨折再次椎体成形术治疗的必要性、技术方法特点和临床治疗价值。方法：对41例首次椎体成形术后新发生胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者行再次经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗。在心电监护下采取局麻下手术操作,经椎弓根入路穿刺病变椎体,在严密监测下依次向各病变椎体内加压注射骨水泥,术后1周评价治疗效果。重点分析新发生椎体骨折的发生规律和特点,术中操作的技术问题和与疗效有关的因素。结果：41例患者46个病变椎体行椎体成形治疗,39例40个椎体为再次椎体成形,2例6个椎体先后施行第2～3次椎体成形。46个病变椎体中43个椎体经单侧椎弓根穿刺成形,3个椎体经双侧椎弓根穿刺成形。各椎体内骨水泥注射剂量4.0～8.5ml,平均5.5ml,椎体骨髓腔内骨水泥大部充填者13个（28.3%）;中度充填者27个（58.7%）,少部分充填者6个（13.0%）;术中未发生明显椎管和血管泄露及相关并发症,术后1周症状明显缓解或消失者13例（31.7%）;部分缓解者25例（61%）;效果较差者3例（7.3%）,但术后4周亦明显缓解。结论：经皮穿刺椎体成形术是治疗中老年患者首次椎体成形术后性椎体骨折安全而有效的方法,应在严密的心电监测下尽早施行。对骨质疏松的椎体一般勿需预防性成形处理,但系统的健康教育有助于降低反复发生症状性椎体骨折的风险。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的安全性和疗效。方法应用经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折30例,其中男8例、女22例,年龄55～86岁。共治疗40个椎体:单椎体23例,2个椎体4例,3个椎体3例。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。手术时间35～138 min,术中球囊扩张压力200～300 psi(1 psi=6.89 kPa),骨水泥注射量2.5～5 ml。1例球囊术中破裂,1例发生椎旁渗漏,2例椎间隙渗漏,1例椎管内渗漏,未出现临床症状。1例术中出现血压、脉搏下降,对症处理后好转。患者疼痛症状得到明显缓解,未见神经损伤等并发症的发生。结论经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折可迅速缓解疼痛、有效恢复骨折椎体高度,明显减少骨水泥渗漏率,这种技术简单、微创、安全、疗效肯定。掌握好椎弓根穿刺、球囊扩张技术以及把握好骨水泥的推注时机等能有效降低并发症的发生。     

Age of fracture and clinical outcomes of percutaneous vertebroplasty.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The patient populations that are most likely to benefit from percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) are uncertain. Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of the age of vertebral compression fracture (VCF) on clinical improvement after PVP. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of charts of patients who had undergone PVP for painful osteoporotic VCFs at our institution. The preprocedural and postprocedural outcome measurements of pain, mobility, and analgesic use were compared for 80 treatment sessions in 75 patients (122 total vertebrae treated). We assessed the association between the duration of pain before PVP and postprocedural outcomes by using multivariable analysis. RESULTS: Age of fracture at time of PVP was not independently associated with postprocedural pain or activity. Increasing age of fracture was independently associated with slightly greater postprocedural analgesic requirement, at least for patients who required narcotics at baseline before PVP. Greater preprocedural analgesic requirement was independently associated with greater postprocedural analgesic requirement. Reduced preprocedural mobility was independently associated with reduced postprocedural mobility. CONCLUSION: PVP is a highly efficacious therapy for relief of pain and improvement in mobility, regardless of fracture age. PVP also is efficacious in reducing analgesic requirement, although this effect may be slightly blunted in patients who require narcotics before the procedure and in those who have older fractures.