新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的胸部CT表现与临床特点

【摘要】目的：分析新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的CT表现与临床特点,提高对该病的认识。方法：回顾性分析41例临床诊断的COVID-19患者的临床及影像资料,男32例,女9例,平均年龄48.45岁。所有病例均经胸部CT检查,由两名高年资放射科医生对其影像学表现进行总结、分析。结果：COVID-19胸部CT主要表现为双肺磨玻璃样密度影、棉团状及网状小结节,双侧弥漫性分布,双下肺胸膜下为主,较双肺中上叶显著,右中叶受累相对少见。病程早期以肺外带、累及肺间质为主,多数病例可见细支气管充气征,可伴有粗大条索状影,胸膜下线。重症者随病程进展,病灶向支气管中轴间质蔓延,逐步扩散至全肺,可伴胸膜反应,叶间胸膜增厚、胸水少见。结论：COVID-19胸部CT表现具有一定特征性,结合临床流行性病学、临床症状、实验室检查可做早期临床诊断。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在新型冠状病毒肺炎诊断中的应用

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）被发现以来,迅速蔓延,其早期诊断有利于患者的及时救治和疾病进一步传播的有效控制。目前,诊断的依据是流行病史、临床表现、影像学特征和逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）检测结果,其中RT-PCR检测到新型冠状病毒核酸阳性是COVID-19确诊的主要依据,影像学特征尤其是肺部高分辨率CT表现则是诊断该病的重要临床依据。作为一种被广泛应用的影像学方法,18F-FDG PET/CT在COVID-19中的价值仍未可知。笔者分析了18F-FDG PET/CT在COVID-19中的诊断和鉴别诊断的价值,以及评估COVID-19患者纵隔淋巴结受累情况方面的潜在应用,讨论了COVID-19患者肺外器官和组织受累可能出现的18F-FDG PET/CT影像学表现。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎影像演变规律及肺纤维化危险因素

目的 探索新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者治疗过程中肺部影像演变规律及肺纤维化的危险因素.资料与方法回顾性收集2020年1—3月湖北省宜昌市第三人民医院51例治愈出院COVID-19患者的资料,比较临床资料(性别、年龄、临床分型、住院天数、有无基础疾病)和CT影像学资料(入院时、住院时、出院时病灶的范围及表现,...     

17例新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)CT影像特征与分析

目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的CT征象,探讨CT的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析3家医院共17例确诊COVID-19病人的CT影像资料,分析其特征性影像表现,并总结病变发生特点、累及部位和分布情况。结果17例病人中1例CT无异常征象。其余16例病人的CT上共显示111个病变,典型的CT表现包括磨玻璃密度影(62/111,55.9%)、混合磨玻璃密度影(16/111,14.4%)、实性密度影(18/111,16.2%)和“铺路石样”密度影(15/111,13.5%);病变多分布于双肺外带(93/111,83.8%)。全部病例均不伴有胸腔积液及纵隔淋巴结肿大。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎胸部CT表现有一定特征性,CT检查对发现病变及明确诊断具有重要作用。     

基底细胞痣综合征的影像诊断简

目的探讨基底细胞痣综合征（BCNS）特征性的临床、影像及病理表现。方法对我院收治的2例经病理证实患者的临床及影像资料进行报道及回顾性分析,并进行相关文献复习。结果2例均有特征性的颌骨多发囊肿,肋骨分叉;其中1例有颅内异常钙化。结论目前文献对BCNS确诊的病例报道较少。由于BCNS具有临床及影像特征表现,因此提高对该病的认识,对临床早期诊断及治疗有积极的意义。     

HRCT在新型冠状病毒肺炎诊断中的应用

目的探究常规CT以及HRCT对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)检查中的影像学表现差异,分析HRCT的特异性影像学特征。方法回顾性分析经核酸检测阳性确诊的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者37例,先采用常规CT进行扫描,其中将肺部有渗出病变为CT阳性组,肺部无渗出病变患者为CT阴性组2例。然后针对CT阳性患者对病灶多平面重建和最大密度投影重建得出所有病灶HRCT图像。参照《新型冠状病毒肺炎的放射学诊断》1,推荐将CT影像分为早期、进展期、重症期和转归期,对不同期的HRCT及常规胸部CT的影像表现分别比较分析,找出影像表现差异。结果HRCT及常规CT影像学均表现为单侧肺或者双侧肺中外带肺野或胸膜下磨玻璃样病灶,分析常规CT及HRCT所有病灶中,病灶分布情况如下右肺上叶17例,右肺中叶18例,右肺下叶23例,左肺上叶19例,左肺下叶19例,其中双下肺分布25例(占71.4%),背侧分布26例(占74.3%)。形态特征磨玻璃,部分性或全实性,细网格、铺路石征,结节伴晕征,长轴与胸膜平行,空气支气管征,病灶沿支气管血管束分布,“增粗血管”征象。其中磨玻璃影、“细网格、铺路石”征象、结节伴晕征、“增粗血管”征象虽然在常规CT中可以显示,但HRCT通过薄层及三维重建能够清晰的显示出这种征象,其P值分别为0.006、0.008、0.042、0.035(P值<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论HRCT较常规CT扫描更能精确的显示出NCP的影像学细微特征,HRCT检查对新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的确诊具有十分重要意义。     

CT影像组学联合征象鉴别新型冠状病毒肺炎与其他病毒性肺炎的价值

目的:探讨基于CT影像征象联合影像组学模型鉴别新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）和其他病毒性肺炎的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析2015年3月至2020年3月云南省15家医院实时逆转录聚合酶链反应检测为病毒性肺炎并接受胸部CT扫描的181例患者的临床和影像资料。根据患者的病毒类型分为COVID-19组（89例）和非COV...     

肺炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的CT表现

目的探讨肺炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的CT表现特征,以提高对该病的认识及诊断能力。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的12例肺炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的临床资料、CT图像及病理结果,结合文献报道总结肺炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的CT影像特征。结果 9例位于右肺,3例位于左肺。3例病灶边缘光整,4例边缘不光整、毛糙,3例呈浅分叶,2例长毛刺。病灶边缘呈现桃尖征4例,平直征2例,病灶下缘散在结节征3例。7例行动态增强扫描,表现为肿块实性病灶呈均匀或不均匀延迟性持续强化,其内低密度灶无明显强化。结论肺炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤CT表现具有一定的特征性,仔细观察其CT征象,可提高术前诊断正确性,确诊依赖病理及免疫组织化学检查。     

国医大师刘志明辨证施治重型与危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎的CT动态变化半定量分析

目的 :回顾性分析经国医大师刘志明采用中医药治疗的重型与危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)的临床及胸部CT动态变化特征。方法:收集国医大师刘志明诊治的2例重型及4例危重型新冠肺炎的临床和CT资料。重点观察服用中药前与服用中药1周后患者的临床症状及影像表现变化。结果:服用中药1周后患者临床症状明显改善,呼吸机逐步撤除,服中药后3～10 d出院。中药治疗前后CT表现:服中药前患者以磨玻璃影伴混杂密度居多,部分伴明显实变;随病程进展,条索样改变逐渐增多,2例存在胸腔积液;病变分布以右肺中上区多见。中药治疗后1周左右CT示磨玻璃影及实变明显吸收,康复期表现为少许磨玻璃影改变及纤维条索状影。结论:新冠肺炎患者在加服中药治疗后临床症状明显改善,肺部病灶逐步吸收,达到临床治愈。     

儿童胰母细胞瘤的 CT 诊断及鉴别（附3例报告并文献复习）

胰母细胞瘤作为一种少见的胰腺恶性肿瘤,常见于10岁以下儿童,以亚洲人群居多[1]。迄今,国内外学者仅报道约150例儿童胰母细胞瘤患者[2],以个案形式居多,且多局限于临床及病理方面的研究,有关 CT 影像表现的文献少见报道。鉴于此,笔者回顾性分析本院经病理证实的3例胰母细胞瘤患者的CT 表现及临床资料,并结合文献探讨其诊断及鉴别诊断要点,以提高对该病的术前诊断水平。     

Preliminary CT findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

ObjectivesCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This paper aims to examine the CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19.MethodsWe evaluated CT images obtained between 10 January 2019 and 16 February 2020 at Taihe Hospital. Scans were conducted 2–6 times per patient and the re-testing interval was 2–7 days. Ninety-five patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results were included in this study and we retrospectively analysed their CT imaging characteristics.ResultsNinety-five patients underwent 2–3 SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests and received a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19. Fifty-three were male and 42 were female, and their mean age was 42 ± 12 years (range: 10 months to 81 years). Sixty-nine patients (72.6%) experienced fever, fatigue, and dry cough, while 15 (15.8%) had poor appetite and fatigue, and 11 (11.6%) had a dry cough and no fever. On CT imaging, early stage patients (n = 53, 55.8%) showed peripheral subpleural ground-glass opacities; these were mainly local patches (22/53, 41.5%), while some lesions were accompanied by interlobular septal thickening. Thirty-four (35.8%) patients were classified in the ‘progression stage’ based on CT imaging; these patients typically showed lesions in multiple lung segments and lobes (21/34，61.8%), and an uneven increase in ground-glass opacity density accompanied by consolidation and grid-like or cord-like shadows(30.5%). Two patients (2.1%) showed a severe presentation on CT. These showed diffuse bilateral lung lesions, mixed ground-glass opacities and consolidation with cord-like interstitial thickening and air bronchograms, entire lung involvement with a “white lung” presentation, and mild pleural effusion. Six patients in remission (6.3%), visible lesion absorption, fibrotic lesions. Based on clinical signs, 71 (74.7%), 22 (23.2%), and 2 (2.1%) patients had mild or moderate, severe, and critical disease, respectively. Within the follow-up period, 93 patients recovered and were discharged, including the 53 early stage patients and 34 progression stage patients. The length of hospitalisation was 7–28 days (mean: 10 ± 3.5 days). On discharge, lesions were significantly reduced in area and had in many cases completely disappeared, while slight pulmonary fibrosis was present in some patients. One severe stage patient was still hospitalised at the end of the follow-up period and the other severe stage patient died. The overall mortality rate was 1.05%.ConclusionsUnderstanding the CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 is important for early lesion detection, determining the nature of lesions, and assessing disease severity.     

Current status quo on COVID-19 including chest imaging

With each day the number coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases continue to rise rapidly and our imaging knowledge of this disease is expeditiously evolving. The role of chest computed tomography (CT) in the screening or diagnosis of COVID-19 remains the subject of much debate. Despite several months having passed since identifying the disease, and numerous studies related to it, controversy and concern still exists regarding the widespread use of chest CT in the evaluation and management of COVID-19 suspect patients. Several institutes and organizations around the world have released guidelines, recommendations and statements against the use of CT for diagnosing or screening COVID-19 infection and advocating its use only for those cases with a strong clinical suspicion of complication or an alternate diagnosis. However, these guidelines and recommendations are in disagreement with majority of the widely available literature, which strongly favour CT as a pivotal tool in the early diagnosis, management and even follow-up of COVID-19 infection. This article besides comprehensively reviewing the current status quo on COVID-19 disease in general, also writes upon the current consensus statements/recommendations on the use of diagnostic imaging in COVID-19 as well as highlighting the precautions and various disinfection procedures being employed world-wide at the workplace to prevent the spread of infection.     

HRCT检查新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床应用价值

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)CT表现及定量CT肺功能对COVID-19肺功能评估。方法回顾性分析31例经病毒核酸检测确诊、且具有完整动态胸部HRCT资料的COVID-19患者,复查间隔时间48 h~14天。分析HRCT基本表现及CT-肺功能成像与临床分型的关系。结果31例患者均于发病3天内接受HRCT检查,病变检出率为100%。于发病5~7天复查CT,25例病变范围增大,3例病灶范围缩小,3例病灶范围同前;发病10~14天接受第2次复查,26例病变范围缩小,3例病灶范围增大;临床分型与CT肺功能值(PI)(r=-0.835,P<0.001)呈显著负相关。结论胸部HRCT能清晰显示COVID-19疾病影像学变化,CT肺功能与COVID-19相关,有助于指导临床早诊断、早治疗,并可评价COVID-19的临床治疗效果。     

QIBA guidance: Computed tomography imaging for COVID-19 quantitative imaging applications

As the COVID-19 pandemic impacts global populations, computed tomography (CT) lung imaging is being used in many countries to help manage patient care as well as to rapidly identify potentially useful quantitative COVID-19 CT imaging biomarkers. Quantitative COVID-19 CT imaging applications, typically based on computer vision modeling and artificial intelligence algorithms, include the potential for better methods to assess COVID-19 extent and severity, assist with differential diagnosis of COVID-19 versus other respiratory conditions, and predict disease trajectory. To help accelerate the development of robust quantitative imaging algorithms and tools, it is critical that CT imaging is obtained following best practices of the quantitative lung CT imaging community. Toward this end, the Radiological Society of North America's (RSNA) Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA) CT Lung Density Profile Committee and CT Small Lung Nodule Profile Committee developed a set of best practices to guide clinical sites using quantitative imaging solutions and to accelerate the international development of quantitative CT algorithms for COVID-19. This guidance document provides quantitative CT lung imaging recommendations for COVID-19 CT imaging, including recommended CT image acquisition settings for contemporary CT scanners. Additional best practice guidance is provided on scientific publication reporting of quantitative CT imaging methods and the importance of contributing COVID-19 CT imaging datasets to open science research databases.     

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia Presentations in Chest Computed Tomography: A Pictorial Review

Despite imaging not being a tool for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis, there has been an increased number of chest computed tomography (CT) scans done worldwide. There are no pathognomonic CT features for COVID-19 pneumonia, as findings are also common in other infectious diseases and noninfectious aetiologies. Nonetheless, point-of-care physicians should be familiarized with the most common imaging presentations of the COVID-19. In this pictorial review, we have summarized the most reported imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia, including possible differential diagnosis according to the CT finding.     

区域内首发新型冠状病毒肺炎的病例报道

笔者报道了1例以乏力、发热为首发症状,流行病学史不明确、实验室检查倾向于细菌性感染,发病第8天经胸部CT影像学检查结果考虑为新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的疑似病例,并最终经核酸检测结果而确诊。该病是一种新型冠状病毒所致的呼吸道传染病,传播性强,部分患者累及多个脏器,病情进展迅速。该病例为区域内聚集性发病的首例,笔者意在提示,在COVID-19防控临床工作中,对于从事高危职业但无明确流行病学史的患者应予以足够重视,应尽早行胸部CT影像学检查,综合判断,并反复多次行核酸检测,避免漏诊。     

Can autofluorescence and fluorescence imaging be useful in fight with COVID-19 pandemia?

The entire medical world gathers information related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including its spread analysis, disease characteristics, morbidity and mortality statistics, as well as factors limiting and promoting infection and severe course, and above all potential treatment options. Scientific research is being carried out on a large scale on methods of early detection of COVID-19 infection, including imaging methods such as computed tomography or ultrasound imaging. The importance of imaging methods is increasingly emphasized in the literature as sensitive and specific, often with greater clinical utility than mass-applied serological tests. Especially in large urban agglomerations such as Silesia, the wide availability of these imaging methods as screening methods in the clinical assessment of potentially infectious patients seems to be important. The literature on the COVID-19 epidemic emphasizes the significant role of integrated diagnostic methods including basic science as well as radiological and endoscopic imaging methods in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection and its possible complications. The study presents potential possibilities of using the phenomena of autofuorescence and fluorescence in supporting the diagnosis of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection. The study presents preliminary results of case studies of patients suspected of being infected with COVID-19, and shows the multidimensional application of fluorescent phenomena in supporting diagnostics. One of the main tools used in the study is autofluorescent bronchoscopy as a method that, in synchronization with high resolution tomography analysis, significantly facilitates obtaining representative material for RT-PCR. The study also showed the potential for assessing fluorescent material under fluorescence microscopy, which can significantly facilitate diagnostics in the future and speed up existing screening tests to complement genetic diagnostics.