直接前方入路与后外侧入路全髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床效果分析

目的 研究直接前方入路(DAA)与后外侧入路(PLA)全髋关节置换(THA)治疗老年股骨颈骨折(FNF)的临床效果分析.方法 前瞻性研究2015年7月—2018年6月佳木斯大学附属第一医院骨科收治的老年FNF患者96例,男性52例,女性44例;年龄62～86岁,平均73.3岁.依据随机数字表法分为DAA组(n=48)与PLA组(n=48).观察并比较两组切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间及术后住院时间等围术期指标;髋臼前倾角、外展角等影像学指标;术后1、6、12个月髋关节Harris评分及外展肌力矩;术前、术后7d血清皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)等应激因子水平;VAS评分及血清前列腺素E2(PGE2)、缓激肽(BK)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)等疼痛因子水平以及术后并发症.结果 DAA组切口长度、术中出血量、术后住院时间、髋臼前倾角、髋臼外展角均少于PLA组[(10.48±1.16)cm vs.(13.39±1.42)cm,(229.96±24.57)mL vs.(352.76±36.85)mL,(11.89±1.34)d vs.(17.64±1.86)d,(21.54±2.25)°vs.(23.51±2.47)°,(37.98±3.93)°vs.(41.06±4.32)°],手术时间长于PLA组[(112.85±13.07)min vs.(90.38±9.22)min],P<0.05.术后1个月,DAA组髋关节Harris评分及外展肌力矩均高于PLA组[(82.39±8.41)分vs.(77.68±7.90)分,(0.23±0.04)Nm/kg vs.(0.16±0.02)Nm/kg,P<0.05];术后6个月,两组髋关节Harris评分及外展肌力矩差异均无统计学意义[(91.98±9.33)分vs.(90.79±9.28)分,(0.42±0.06)Nm/kg vs.(0.41±0.06)Nm/kg,P>0.05].术后12个月,两组髋关节Harris评分及外展肌力矩差异均无统计学意义[(93.64±9.47)分vs.(93.70±9.49)分,(0.53±0.07)Nm/kg vs.(0.52±0.06)Nm/kg,P>0.05].术后7d,DAA组VAS评分及血清Cor、NE、PGE2、BK、5-HT水平均低于PLA组[(149.88±16.69)nmol/L vs.(163.59±18.38)nmol/L,(236.49±25.48)pmol/L vs.(252.77±27.19)pmol/L,(132.44±14.96)pg/mL vs.(144.77±15.94)pg/mL,(5.41±0.56)μg/L vs.(5.84±0.60)μg/L,(136.78±15.42)ng/L vs.(148.55±16.45)ng/L,(4.83±0.52)分vs.(5.21±0.54)分,P<0.05].DAA组术后并发症发病率低于PLA组(2.08％vs.16.67％,P<0.05).结论 较PLA THA相比,DAA THA治疗老年FNF创伤小,可有效缓解机体应激,抑制疼痛因子生成,髋关节功能恢复良好,术后并发症发生率低.     

双动全髋关节置换治疗移位性股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的分析双动全髋关节置换治疗移位性股骨颈骨折的疗效观察。方法濮阳市人民医院2015年2月—2017年2月收治的移位性股骨颈骨折的老年患者36例作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为试验组(采取双动全髋关节置换治疗)和对照组(采取传统全髋关节置换治疗)各18例,观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床时间及围手术期并发症发生情况。结果 (1)试验组手术时间低于对照组[(65.1±13.2)min vs.(76.5±18.4)min],术中出血量低于对照组[(339.2±14.6)min vs.(440.1±23.8)min],下床时间低于对照组[(3.1±1.5)d vs.(4.6±2.4)d],两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);(2)术后两组患者髋关节功能均恢复较好;试验组术后1、3、6、9、12个月Harris评分均高于对照组,分别为[(49.9±10.1)分vs.(38.4±5.3)分、(79.3±13.5)分vs.(68.9±8.7)分、(89.6±11.8)分vs.(82.4±5.1)分、(92.5±9.6)分vs.(84.6±6.3)分、(94.7±5.3)分vs.(87.2±3.5)分],两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)试验组术后12个月时健康生活质量优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与传统全髋关节置换相比,双动全髋关节置换治疗移位性股骨颈骨折,能显著改善患者术后恢复情况,并能更好地提高患者的生活质量,值得临床上推广应用。     

全髋关节置换术治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折的临床研究

目的探讨全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折(displacement type transcervical fracture,DTTF)的临床疗效。方法 2014年1月—2016年12月成都医学院第一附属医院骨外科治疗DTTF患者136例,其中男性50例,女性86例;年龄63~82岁,平均70.45岁;致伤因素:道路交通伤28例,摔伤84例,坠落伤18例,其他6例。依据随机数字表法分为THA组(n=68)与空心钉内固定组(hollow nail internal fixation,HNIF,n=68)。观察两组术中出血量、手术时间、治疗费用、住院时间等手术相关指标,术后1个月、1年髋关节功能评分,生存质量及日常生活能力,术后并发症等指标。结果 THA组术中出血量(311.86±31.34)m L、手术时间(85.68±8.64)min、输血量(364.63±36.47)m L、术后1d视觉模拟评分(VAS)(5.74±0.58)分、治疗费用(4.60±0.48)万元,均多于HNIF组[术中出血量(141.63±14.22)m L、手术时间(62.86±6.30)min、输血量(182.87±18.42)m L、术后1d VAS评分(4.63±0.47)分、治疗费用(2.74±0.28)万元];THA组住院时间(17.32±1.74)d,少于HNIF组(22.51±2.31)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1个月,两组髋关节功能、生存质量及日常生活能力评分无差异(P0.05);术后1年,两组髋关节功能、生存质量及日常生活能力评分均较术后1个月增大,THA组髋关节功能、生存质量及日常生活能力评分大于HNIF组(P0.05)。THA组术后1年优良率(82.35%)高于HNIF组(48.53%,P0.05)。THA组术后并发症发病率(2.94%)低于HNIF组(29.41%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 THA治疗老年DTTF可改善患者髋关节功能,提高生存质量及日常生活能力,术后并发症少,可应用于临床。     

SuperPath与Moore入路全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折早期疗效比较

目的比较Super Path与Moore入路全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的早期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年8月—2017年2月无锡市第九人民医院(无锡市骨科医院)收治的48例老年股骨颈骨折患者行全髋关节置换术治疗情况,其中男性23例,女性25例;年龄65～75岁,平均70. 2岁;按手术入路分为Super Path组22例和Moore组26例。记录两组患者手术切口长度、手术时间、住院天数及并发症发生情况,测量髋关节假体髋臼外展角、前倾角,并评价是否存在假体松动等迹象。采用Harris评分评价髋关节功能。结果两组患者手术时间、术中出血量差异无统计学意义,但Super Path组患者手术切口长度和住院天数明显低于Moore组[(7. 09±0. 61) cm vs.(7. 58±0. 64) cm、(7. 77±1. 23) d vs.(8. 96±1. 18) d],差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。术后第1天、1周、1个月、6个月Super Path组VAS评分均低于Moore组,分别为[(5. 82±1. 29)分vs.(6. 85±1. 41)分、(3. 73±0. 98)分vs.(4. 77±1. 27)分、(2. 09±0. 87)分vs.(2. 27±0. 78)分、(1. 36±0. 49)分vs.(1. 58±0. 64)分],术后第1天和第1周时比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),1个月和6个月比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。Moore组患者术后第3天、1个月、6个月Harris评分均显著优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05); Super Path组术后第3天及1个月Harris评分指标均显著高于Moore组[(69. 18±1. 15)分vs.(62. 58±6. 68)分、(80. 91±6. 45)分vs.(76. 92±2. 54)分],差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 Superpath与Moore入路均安全有效,前者创伤更小,早期可有效缓解疼痛,有利于患者术后康复,长期疗效还有待进一步随访。     

钽金属Jumbo臼杯联合同种异体骨植骨在髋关节翻修术中的应用

目的 研究钽金属Jumbo臼杯联合同种异体骨植骨在髋关节翻修术中的应用效果.方法 回顾性分析2017年4月—2019年6月铁岭市中心医院骨科收治的行髋关节置换后髋臼骨缺损患者108例,男性85例,女性23例;年龄49～72岁,平均60.6岁.根据翻修术时植骨方式分为两组,52例选择钽金属Jumbo臼杯(苏州海川稀有金属医疗有限公司,批号:201138294734)联合同种异体骨植骨(研究组),56例选择同种异体骨植骨联合钛金属颗粒喷涂(对照组).比较两组患者治疗前后髋关节Harris评分和视觉模拟评分(VAS),治疗后X线影像学标准合格率及神经损伤、异体骨远期未吸收、髋关节脱位及假体松动等并发症发生率,评价不同植骨方式效果.结果 患者均获得随访,时间为12～40个月,平均23.2个月.术前两组患者Harris评分、VAS差异较小,术后1个月研究组Harris评分、VAS明显低于对照组[(2.76±1.17)分vs.(3.86±1.33)分,(2.53±1.26)分vs.(3.91±1.42)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者治疗后影像学合格率明显优于对照组[46(88.5％)vs.39(69.6％)],两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.095,P<0.001),研究组患者并发症发生率明显低于对照组(7.6％vs.26.8％),差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.126,P<0.001).结论 在髋关节翻修术中,采取钽金属Jumbo臼杯联合同种异体骨植骨具有更好的临床效果,影像学合格率高,术后不良反应发生率低,值得临床推广.     

骨水泥假体在老年THA手术中的应用效果及对凝血功能的影响

目的探讨老年全髋关节置换术(THA)患者应用骨水泥假体的手术效果及对患者凝血功能变化的影响。方法回顾性分析2014年1月—2016年12月珠海市人民医院行THA手术治疗的256例老年患者临床资料,其中128例采用骨水泥型假体(骨水泥组)、128例采用非骨水泥型假体植入(非骨水泥组),对比两组的手术指标、术后髋关节功能指标、凝血相关指标。结果骨水泥组患者的手术时间(130.6±19.4)min长于非骨水泥组(103.2±15.8)min(P0.05);骨水泥组和非骨水泥组患者的术中出血量、住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后1、3、6个月,骨水泥组Harris功能评分[(45.2±11.6)、(71.8±9.2)、(83.1±7.4)]分,非骨水泥组[(47.0±13.4)、(73.0±10.8)、(84.8±9.5)]分,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);术后1、3、6个月两组患者的Harris功能评分均呈显著的升高趋势;术前,骨水泥组和非骨水泥组的PTA、APTT、Fib、R值、k值、α角组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);假体植入30min,骨水泥组患者的PTA(82.9±4.7)%、Fib(3.59±0.31)g/L、α角(73.0±12.1)°均显著高于非骨水泥组的PTA(79.4±4.4)%、Fib(3.10±0.28)g/L、α角(67.2±11.6)°(P0.05),骨水泥组的APTT(33.3±3.9)s、R值(4.04±0.69)min、k值(1.47±0.09)min小于非骨水泥组的APTT(36.8±4.1)s、R值(4.98±0.87)min、k值(1.61±0.12)min(P0.05);术后3h,骨水泥组和非骨水泥组的PTA、APTT、Fib、R值、k值、α角组间比较差异均无统计学意义(PP0.05)。两组患者的手术并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年THA手术患者应用骨水泥假体植入治疗,术后髋关节功能与非骨水泥假体无差别,但是骨水泥假体植入后3h内患者发生高凝的风险增加,需要密切监视患者的凝血功能变化。     

两种入路治疗SandersⅡ 、Ⅲ 型跟骨骨折的疗效观察

目的探讨跗骨窦入路与外侧"L"型扩大入路治疗SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年3月-2017年2月南京梅山医院骨科收治的72例SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折患者资料,按手术入路分为跗骨窦入路组和外侧扩大"L"形入路组。跗骨窦入路组34例,其中男性21例,女性13例,左足18例,右足16例;年龄26~74岁,平均43.4岁。外侧扩大"L"型入路组38例,其中男性30例,女性8例,左足17例,右足21例;年龄27~72岁,平均43.1岁。比较两组患者受伤到手术的时间、切口长度、手术时间、术后引流量、术后疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分、AOFAS评分及骨折愈合时间。结果 72例患者经全程门诊随访12~18个月,平均14.3个月。外侧扩大"L"型入路组2例患者切口有较多渗液,经换药后好转;跗骨窦入路组1例出现腓肠神经牵拉症状。外侧扩大"L"型入路组和跗骨窦入路组受伤到手术的时间[(10.21±1.29)d vs.(5.30±0.68)d,P<0.05]、切口长度[(13.03±0.82)cm vs.(6.84±0.39)cm,P<0.05]、手术时间[(96.80±11.30)min vs.(80.60±5.90)min,P<0.05]、术后引流量[(108.20±13.30)mL vs.(98.20±12.60)mL,P<0.05]、术后VAS评分[(5.40±0.90)分vs.(4.10±1.00)分,P<0.05],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而在AOFAS评分方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论跗骨窦入路在术前等待时间、切口长度、手术时间、术后引流量、VAS评分方面相对于外侧扩大"L"型入路有优势,对于SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折,跗骨窦入路可替代外侧扩大"L"型入路。     

伊班膦酸钠对髋关节置换后假体柄周围骨丢失的预防效果

目的评价全髋关节置换术后伊班膦酸钠的应用对预防股骨假体柄周围骨丢失的临床疗效。方法前瞻性纳入2014年1月—2015年12月汉中市中心医院骨关节创伤科进行全髋关节置换患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(50例)和试验组(50例),其中试验组患者术后5～7d给予伊班膦酸钠4mg静滴,并于术后每3个月滴注1次。对照组患者不给予,其余治疗方案相同。比较两组患者术前及术后12个月的股骨假体柄周围基于Gruen分区法的7个感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)的骨密度值改变,以及血钙、磷和碱性磷酸酶水平改变。结果术后12个月,两组股骨假体柄周围骨密度均较术前有所下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但试验组患者术后12个月的骨密度显著高于对照组,试验组和对照组股骨各测量ROI的骨密度分别为1区(0.94±0.14)g/cm^2vs.(0.81±0.19)g/cm^2,2区(1.54±0.2)g/cm^2vs.(1.34±0.31)g/cm^2,3区(1.71±0.23)g/cm^2vs.(1.39±0.19)g/cm^2,4区(2.04±0.29)g/cm^2vs.(1.74±0.38)g/cm^2,5区(1.81±0.31)g/cm^2vs.(1.62±0.39)g/cm^2,6区(1.62±0.28)g/cm^2vs.(1.40±0.14)g/cm^2,7区(1.21±0.32)g/cm^2vs.(0.94±0.29)g/cm^2,总体均值(1.49±0.32)g/cm^2vs.(1.29±0.41)g/cm^2,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者术后12个月的碱性磷酸酶水平显著低于对照组患者[(56.41±8.74)mmol/L vs.(56.41±8.74)mmol/L,P<0.05],但血钙和血磷差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组中有11例患者在滴注伊班膦酸钠后出现体温升高、头痛、肌肉酸痛等症状,予以对症处理后好转。结论全髋关节置换术后应用伊班膦酸钠能够有效减少股骨假体柄周围骨密度的丢失。     

电视胸腔镜手术与传统开胸手术治疗创伤性血气胸患者的临床对比分析

目的对比电视胸腔镜手术(video assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)与传统开胸手术对创伤性血气胸患者术后恢复质量的差异,为临床寻找更好的血气胸手术方法提供参考。方法本次研究为前瞻性研究,选取邹城市人民医院2012年1月~2015年10月100例因外伤性血气胸而需行VATS或传统开胸手术的患者,男性49例,女性51例;平均年龄(46.23±14.28)岁,RTS评分(7.63±1.98)分,其中开放性损伤73例,闭合性损伤27例,致伤机制包括交通意外伤28例,坠落伤21例,棍棒打击伤19例,锐器伤32例。将患者按照随机数字表分为VATS组和传统开胸手术组,主要观察指标包括术后24h的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、术后镇痛时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流时间、引流量、术后并发症、住院时间和死亡率;术前、术后1、3、5、7d的CRP。结果与开胸手术组相比,VATS组术后24h VAS评分显著降低[(5.78±2.32)vs.(6.74±1.71),P=0.02];镇痛时间显著缩短[(3.87±1.23)d vs.(5.76±1.76)d,P0.0001];术后24、72、120、168h的CRP显著降低(P0.0001)。手术时间显著减少[(100.50±21.19)min vs.(142.64±25.04)min,P0.0001];术中出血量显著降低[(218.98±56.81)mL vs.(335.71±86.48)mL,P0.0001];术后引流量显著降低[(341.28±80.18)mL vs.(456.15±106.02)mL,P0.0001];术后引流时间显著减少[(3.33±0.81)d vs.(4.62±0.78)d,P0.0001];住院时间显著缩短[(11.39±2.08)d vs.(14.27±2.65)d,P0.0001)。术后并发症与死亡率无显著统计学差异(P0.05)。结论与开胸手术相比,VATS显著改善了创伤性血气胸患者术后恢复质量,缩短了平均住院时间。     

全髋关节置换术(THA)中不同颈干角股骨假体对股骨近端解剖重建的影响

目的研究全髋关节置换术(THA)中不同颈干角股骨假体对股骨近端解剖重建的影响。方法回顾性分析2014年1月—2015年1月大连大学附属中山医院骨科接受全髋关节置换术治疗的80例患者,根据在手术过程中使用不同颈干角股骨假体将患者分为两组,每组40例;其中研究组采用颈干角为135°的股骨柄,对照组采用颈干角为127°的股骨柄。检测并记录两组患者的术后术侧股骨偏心距相对于健侧的变化值(x FO)、该变化值与健侧股骨偏心的比值(sd FO)指标值、股骨头旋转中心高度、全局偏心距以及术前、术后(1、3、6、12个月)双下肢长度差和Harris评分,并对其结果进行比较分析。结果研究组患者的x FO、sd FO指标值分别为(1.8±4.6)、(8.9±12.6),明显低于对照组(5.9±4.8)、(20.4±17.5),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者的股骨头旋转中心高度以及全局偏心距分别为(4566.5±32.6)和(65.5±11.4)mm,而对照组患者分别为(4579.5±37.6)、(69.4±12.6)mm,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1、3、6、12个月,两组患者的双下肢长度差、Harris评分与术前比较均有明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),而两组患者的Harris评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者术后未出现任何不适现象,术后6个月,对照组患者出现3例大转子疼痛现象,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 127°和135°的颈干角股骨假体应用在全髋关节置换术(THA)中均可以取得良好的早期功能恢复,135°的颈干角股骨假体可以更好地重建股骨近端解剖。     

Stapes prosthesis: evaluation with CT

We used computed tomography (CT) to evaluate 44 patients who had undergone stapedectomy with insertion of a prosthesis. Several patients had poor surgical results, including recurrent conductive hearing loss, vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss. Conductive hearing loss occurring immediately after the procedure was most often caused by anatomic limitations or surgical technique. Causes of delayed or recurrent conductive hearing loss included reparative granuloma formation, incus necrosis (at the attachment of the wire), prosthesis subluxation (most often posterior), and regrowth of otosclerosis, which occasionally is further complicated by incus dislocation. We found that CT is often diagnostic when these complications occur. Immediate sensorineural hearing loss or vertigo can be self-limited if caused by serous labyrinthitis. When delayed, these symptoms may be due to perilymph fistula. If caused by the latter, CT may not yield abnormal findings unless subluxation of the prosthesis into the vestibule has occurred.     

Mid-term results with a highly congruous mobile-bearing knee prosthesis

Two hundred and six consecutive total knee arthroplasties were performed in 180 patients with a highly congruous mobile-bearing knee prosthesis. At mean follow-up of 78 months (range: 60–102 months), the outcomes of 181 knees in 158 patients were evaluated using the American Knee Society’s Knee and Functional scoring system and Radiological scoring system. Mean values for Knee and Function scores were 92.6 and 81.1, respectively versus 51.8 and 43.4 preoperatively; mean flexion range was 113.6° versus 110.8° preoperatively. There were no cases of bearing dislocation and no radiological signs of loosening or osteolysis. Secondary patella resurfacing was done in 7 of 52 knees in which the patella was not primarily resurfaced. Arthroplasty survival with revision for aseptic loosening as the endpoint was 100% (95% CI: 97.7–100) at 5 years and at 8 years (95% CI: 87.2–100); with revision of the arthroplasty for any reason including one revision for infection as the endpoint, survival was 99.5% (95% CI: 96.9–100) at 5 years and at 8 years (95% CI: 86.9–100). The overall results were satisfactory and compared with those of other mobile-bearing knee prostheses featuring full or partial congruence. No significant differences were noted for range of motion, knee scores and function scores between two subsets of knees that received a bearing allowing only rotation or rotation and 5 mm anteroposterior translation. Longer follow-up is needed to evaluate possible benefits of high congruence and of specific modes of bearing mobility with respect to wear and bony fixation.     

Treatment of impotence with implantation of penile prosthesis]

The authors have presented results and importance of the treatment of impotence by implantation of different types of penile prostheses in 46 patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate success in recovery of potency with modern types of prostheses. Problems related to characteristics of prostheses and risk groups of patients for this kind of treatment have been recognized. It has been concluded that penile prostheses are very good means for solving the problem of impotence which is exclusively or mainly of the organic origin when other methods are not suitable for a patient or have not given favourable results.     

The robustness of prostate radiotherapy for patients with hip prosthesis

The aim of this study was to investigate prostate radiotherapy techniques for the patients with hip prosthesis in 4 different field setups. Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) technique was used in 4 different cases: (1) using full VMAT arcs (VMAT_F); (2) same arcs as in case 1 but with avoidance sectors (VMAT_ASEC); (3) as case 2 but with the addition of a lateral static field through the prosthesis (VMAT_ASEC+STAT); (4) as in case 1 but with an automated structure avoidance option to avoid irradiation through the prosthesis (VMAT_ASTR). Fifteen previously treated prostate patients were retrospectively selected to this study. Treatment plans were created for all patients using all 4 techniques. The potential prosthesis misalignment in the treatment setup was modeled by moving the prosthesis 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 cm ventrally and dorsally and recalculating the plans in each case. For VMAT_ASEC, the dose parameters for organs at risk were the highest and the dose coverage of the target volume was the poorest when compared to the other techniques. For VMAT_ASEC+STAT, the movement of the prosthesis changed the target dose distribution the most. VMAT_F and VMAT_ASTR fulfilled the planning criteria the best, even when the prosthesis was misaligned. VMAT_F radiated through the prosthesis more than VMAT_ASTR and increased the dose near the prosthesis surface when compared to VMAT_ASTR. VMAT_ASTR and VMAT_F were the most robust techniques for the patients with the hip prosthesis considering plan quality and the effect of positioning errors. The increased prosthesis surface dose with VMAT_F and possible dose calculation uncertainties favors the use of VMAT_ASTR.     

False-positive radionuclide arthroscintigraphy with a porous-coated total hip prosthesis.

The evaluation of a painful hip prosthesis for suspected loosening frequently requires a multi-modality approach. Radionuclide arthroscintigraphy is a valuable adjunct to contrast arthrography, demonstrating greater sensitivity than contrast arthrography in detecting loosening of the femoral component of the prosthesis. Despite its reliability in the evaluation of cemented hip prostheses, the value of arthroscintigraphy in patients with uncemented or porous-coated prostheses is undetermined. The case of a false-positive radionuclide arthroscintigram in a patient with an uncemented prosthesis is reported. The literature is briefly examined, and the potential implications regarding interpretation of arthroscintigraphy in patients with porous-coated prostheses are discussed.     

Early experience with the GORE-TEX polytetrafluoroethylene anterior cruciate ligament prosthesis

A prospective study of 41 patients with acute and chronic ACL deficiency underwent reconstruction with the GORE-TEX polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ACL prosthesis beginning in November 1983. Thirty-nine patients who were at least 2 years from their surgical procedure were available for follow-up evaluation, which included subjective questionnaire, clinical examination, and instrumented ligamentous laxity tests. Eight patients had an acute injury to the ACL and 31 patients had chronic ACL insufficiency for which reconstruction was performed. Thirty-four patients had satisfactory results, allowing full return to activity with no appreciable symptomatology. Of the remaining five patients, four had a complete rupture of the prosthesis. The average knee arthrometric measurement improved from a 5.4 mm left/right difference preoperatively to a 2.0 mm left/right difference at 2 year followup. Nine patients had postoperative complications of one or more atraumatic episodes of a sterile effusion. Six patients had recurrent effusions; in five, arthroscopy revealed partial tears of less than one-third of the prosthesis. Three patients who had recurrent effusions had PTFE particles in their synovial biopsies. One patient had an immediate postoperative infection and to data has had salvage of the prosthesis and currently has a stable knee with full return to activities. Based on the early results of this study, the GORE-TEX PTFE ACL prosthesis provided a satisfactory method of reconstruction for ACL deficient knees. Based on the evaluation used, 87% of the patients had satisfactory results. Problems associated with use of this prosthesis include partial or complete tears of the prosthesis and sterile effusions, possibly due to synovial irritation from the PTFE particles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for a prostate patient with a metal prosthesis

When treating prostate patients having a metallic prosthesis with radiation, a 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) treatment plan is commonly created using only those fields that avoid the prosthesis in the beam’s-eye view (BEV). With a limited number of portals, the resulting plan may compromise the dose sparing of the rectum and bladder. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) to treat prostate patients having a metallic prosthesis. Three patients, each with a single metallic prosthesis, who were previously treated at the University of Chicago Medical Center for prostate cancer, were selected for this study. Clinical target volumes (CTV = prostate + seminal vesicles), bladder, and rectum volumes were identified on CT slices. Planning target volumes (PTV) were generated in 3D by a 1-cm expansion of the CTVs. For these comparative studies, treatment plans were generated from CT data using 3DCRT and IMRT treatment planning systems. The IMRT plans used 9 equally-spaced 6-MV coplanar fields, with each field avoiding the prosthesis. The 3DCRT plans used 5 coplanar 18-MV fields, with each field avoiding the prosthesis. A 1-cm margin around the PTV was used for the blocks. Each of the 9-field IMRT plans spared the bladder and rectum better than the corresponding 3DCRT plan. In the IMRT, plans, a bladder volume receiving 80% or greater dose decreased by 20–77 cc, and a volume rectal volume receiving 80% or greater dose decreased by 24–40 cc. One negative feature of the IMRT plans was the homogeneity across the target, which ranged from 95% to 115%.     

Leg stiffness during sprinting in transfemoral amputees with running-specific prosthesis

Carbon fiber running-specific prostheses are designed to reproduce the spring-like stepping behavior of individuals similar to springs loaded by the entire body mass (i.e. spring-mass model). The aim of this study was to test whether leg stiffness would be modulated differently between intact and prosthetic legs in transfemoral amputees wearing RSP during sprinting. Eight unilateral transfemoral amputees performed maximum sprinting along an indoor overground runway. Leg stiffness was calculated from kinetic and kinematic data in intact and prosthetic legs. The results showed that leg stiffness was for the prosthetic limb approximately 12% decreased compared to the intact limb. Although there was no difference in leg compression between the legs, maximal vertical ground reaction force was significantly greater in the intact leg than in the prosthetic one. These results indicate that asymmetric modulation of leg stiffness in transfemoral amputees with running-specific prostheses is mainly associated with asymmetric ground reaction force.