不同兵种训练伤流行病学调查

目的：了解步兵、空军和装甲兵3兵种平时训练伤流行病学特征，对其病因进行比较分析。方法：参照《军事训练伤诊断标准及防治原则》，对训练伤1910例从兵种、年龄、损伤部位及性质进行比较分析。结果：（1）步兵年均发生率为4．7％，装甲兵2．5％，空军2．3％，步兵与空军、装甲兵比较，差异显著（P〈0.05）。（2）17-22岁组训练伤发生率为62．9％。（3）急性创伤性损伤以骨折多见，慢性疲劳性损伤以腰部劳损多见。（4）3兵种训练伤发生率均以下肢损伤最高，腰部损伤次之。结论：步兵的急性损伤和慢性疲劳性损伤发生率最高，步兵比空军和装甲兵更易发生训练损伤。     

不同兵种军事训练伤发生情况调查与分析

目的:调查了解驻疆部队不同兵种军事训练伤发生情况。方法:采用自制调查表对驻疆步兵、装甲兵及炮兵官兵3566例军事训练伤发生情况进行调查。结果:步兵、装甲兵及炮兵共发生军事训练伤934例,发生率26.2%。腰背痛、疲劳性骨折和膝关节损伤居军事训练伤前3位,其发生率依次为37.4%、19.8%和19.1%。装甲兵腰背痛发生率显著高于炮兵和步兵(P<0.05),炮兵和步兵腰背痛发生率差异不显著(P>0.05);步兵和炮兵膝关节损伤发生率显著高于装甲兵(P<0.05),步兵和炮兵膝关节损伤发生率差异不显著(P>0.05);炮兵其他关节损伤发生率显著高于步兵和装甲兵(P<0.05),步兵和装甲兵其他关节损伤发生率差别不显著(P>0.05);疲劳性骨折、其他软组织损伤及非疲劳性骨折发生率3兵种间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:兵种性质不同,军事训练伤伤类和发生率不同,应根据不同兵种军事训练伤伤类进行有针对性的干预。     

士兵训练伤及致伤因素的调查研究

目的　了解士兵训练伤发生情况及其影响 ,确定致伤因素和危险性 ,以提高防治水平和卫勤保障能力。方法　采用整群抽样某部步兵、炮兵和装甲兵共 130 7人 ;并对步兵 5 92人进行抽样调查。结果　某部士兵年度训练伤总发生率为 2 8 39% ;损伤部位分类中步兵最高为骨及关节损伤 (4 1 92 % ) ,其次软组织损伤 (33 33 % ) ;致伤因素危险性前 5位依次为体能状况、训练科目、场地器材、入伍时间和训练强度 ;损伤发生率与因伤缺勤率年度变化基本一致 ,秋冬季节较高。结论　某部训练伤发生情况与全军接近 ,因伤缺勤应引起重视 ,针对致伤因素提出切实有效的措施。     

不同兵种军事训练伤发生特点的调查与分析

目的了解某合成兵种部队各兵种在日常的军事训练中发生的各种训练伤的特点。为有针对性地做好训练伤防治工作提供依据。方法设计训练伤调查表,通过问卷调查了解训练伤发病情况,并进行分类调查统计。结果各兵种由于训练方式、侧重点、强度各不同,所以训练伤各有特点。步兵训练伤以脚部为主,达33.33%,坦克兵训练伤以腰部为主,达16.6%,炮兵训练伤以脚部为主,达14.63%。结论各兵种训练伤各有特点,应该针对不同兵种训练特点分别制订相应的训练伤预防措施。     

装甲步兵某部春训期间训练科目与训练伤的分布调查分析

目的探讨装甲步兵在春季共同科目训练期间,训练科目与训练伤之间关系和分布特征。方法由驻军医院骨科医师和部队医务人员组成训练伤调查医疗组,采取逐一询问,以及查阅训练期间营、团卫生部门医疗登记。结果春训期间训练伤共发生78例,占参训人员的5·7%,400m障碍和5km越野发生训练伤占48·7%和39·7%。结论装甲步兵春训期间,在训练科目中400m障碍和5km越野发生训练伤率高,训练伤种类以四肢关节损伤和疲劳性骨折发生率高。     

驻北疆部队新兵军事训练伤调查与分析

目的：调查了解驻北疆部队2012—2013年度新兵军事训练伤发生情况,为预防和治疗军事训练伤提供依据。方法：随机抽取驻北疆3个建制单位新兵2180例,按照《中国人民解放军军事训练伤诊断分类标准》诊断并统计分析。结果：2012年军事训练伤发生率为25.8%（286/1108）,显著高于2013年的20.5%（220/1072）（P〈0.05）。军事训练伤综合、部位和训练科目分类构成比两年间比较,差异不显著（P〉0.05）;2013年急性损伤构成比显著低于2012年（P〈0.05）,慢性损伤构成比显著高于2012年（P〈0.05）。军事训练伤以软组织损伤、下肢居多,受训科目以体能训练致伤率最高。军事训练伤发生率均从军事训练第2周开始快速增加,第4周达峰值,第5周开始下降;军事训练伤发生年龄以18周岁以下较多,随着年龄增长呈逐渐下降趋势。结论：驻北疆部队新兵军事训练伤发生率较高,应进行针对性地预防和干预。     

武警某部统训试点新兵军事训练伤调查与防治

 

目的 调查统训试点新兵训练伤发生情况,为训练伤防治提供指导。方法 选取2017年度1420名新兵作为研究对象,查阅门诊登记日志收集数据,训练伤诊断分类参照《中国人民解放军军事训练伤诊断分类标准》,并进行数据统计分析。结果 训练伤发病率为20.14%。急性损伤占23.78%,其中关节扭伤和软组织挫裂伤分别占急性损伤44.12%和13.24%。过劳性损伤占76.22%,其中疲劳性骨折所占28.67%,其次是创伤性关节炎、腱炎及腱鞘炎。在训练第6~10周发生训练伤较多,占全部损伤51.74%。城市来源的新兵训练伤发生率(13.57%),低于农村来源新兵(21.75%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 训练第6~10周训练伤发生较多,其中过劳性损伤多于急性损伤,应重视农村来源新兵训练伤的防护;因人施训,有针对性预防能降低训练伤发生率。

     

2002年度860名新兵训练伤调查

目的　了解部队新训练大纲实施后新兵训练伤的发生情况 ,为预防提供参考。方法　对 2 0 0 2年度 860名新兵的训练伤发生情况进行调查 ,并根据调查结果提出相应的预防措施。结果　 2 0 0 2年度新兵训练伤发生率为 1 4.7% ;骨关节损伤发生率最高 ;致伤的主要原因是无序的体能训练 ;农村兵和城市兵的训练伤发生率无差异。结论　新训练大纲的实施减少了训练伤的发生 ,但在部队训练时 ,对其切实理解还存在不足 ,这就要求在预防训练伤时 ,应从多方入手 ,从具体出发 ,只有弄清具体原因 ,有针对性地采取相应的措施 ,逐项落实 ,才能有效地减少各种训练伤的发生     

武警部队某部军事训练伤调查

目的 调查分析武警某部军事训练伤的发生情况、性质、特点及原因,为减少新兵军事训练伤的发生提出科学建议和合理依据.方法 以武警部队某中队为训练伤的研究基地,采用问卷调查法、数理统计法系统调研了该中队2014-12至2015-08新兵军事训练伤的损伤特征及原因,提出积极有效的预防措施.结果 该中队战士急性训练损伤为88.33％,慢性损伤为11.67％;其中轻伤多见,占56.67％;腰部损伤为25.49％,居损伤部位第一位;损伤类型则以软组织损伤最常见,为86.20％;技术因素是导致训练伤发生的主要原因.结论 军事训练伤发生率高,应积极做好有针对性的预防,可以大幅降低军事训练伤的发病率.     

陆海空新兵基础训练期间军事训练伤的流行病学调查

目的：了解我军各军种训练伤的流行病学特征,初步分析致伤原因。方法：选取陆海空三军参加１９９８年度基础训练的２４４７名新兵,统一进行流行病学调查。结果：陆海空三军总发生率２９．４％,陆军为３２．８％,海军为;２８．２％,空军为２５．０％。陆军与海军和空军有显著性差异,海军与空军无显著性差异。支队间发生率有显著性差异。陆军与海军开训后第７周为发生高峰,海军的高峰期略晚;各部位损伤中以下肢２５．１％的发生率为最高（构成比为８５．４％）;各类型损伤中以过劳性损伤１７．３％的发生率为最高（构成比为５８．９％）。结论：加大训练强度可导致训练伤发生人数的增加,训练伤发生的部位与主要受训部位相一致;训练内容与安排不同,训练伤的发生率不同。     

Increasing hamstring flexibility decreases lower extremity overuse injuries in military basic trainees

The purpose of this intervention study was to prove that increasing flexibility of the hamstring musculotendinous unit would decrease the number of lower extremity overuse injuries that occur in military infantry basic trainees. Two different companies going through basic training at the same time were used. Hamstring flexibility was checked at the beginning and at the end of the 13-week infantry basic training course. The control company (N = 148) proceeded through normal basic training. The intervention company (N = 150) followed the same program but added three hamstring stretching sessions to their already scheduled fitness program. All subsequent lower extremity overuse injuries were recorded through the troop medical clinic. Hamstring flexibility increased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group. The number of injuries was also significantly lower in the intervention group. Forty-three injuries occurred in the control group for an incidence rate of 29.1%, compared with 25 injuries in the intervention group for an incidence rate of 16.7%. Thus, in this study, the number of lower extremity overuse injuries was significantly lower infantry basic trainees with increased hamstring flexibility.     

The incidence of injury in light infantry soldiers

U.S. Army soldiers lose substantial training hours as a result of musculoskeletal injuries. Most military injury data have focused on basic trainee populations. This study examines activities associated with injuries in operational infantry soldiers. We conducted a randomized, retrospective medical record review of 339 records from a total of 3,195 light infantry soldiers over 13 months. The annualized incidence of injuries was 95 per 100 soldiers per year vs. 74 per 100 for illness. There were 372 injuries, representing 56% of sick-call diagnoses. Physical training caused 50% of all injuries, and 30% of those were linked to running. Injuries caused nearly 10 times the number of limited duty days as illness. Soldiers with lower extremity running injuries spent seven times more days on profile than those with nonrunning injuries. We conclude that physical training is related to a high number of injuries in infantry soldiers. This study provides important data on activities and injuries in operational infantry soldiers.     

武警某部2020年度新兵训练伤流行病学调查与分析

目的 探讨武警某部新兵军事训练伤的特点,为训练伤防控提供科学指导.方法 随机抽取武警某部2020年6个新训点4150名新兵,进行军事训练伤的发生情况问卷调查,并分析新训阶段训练伤的发生率、伤病类别等.另非随机性地选择了680名新兵进行了骨密度测定(中指骨),其中已发生训练伤340例,未发生训练伤340例.本次调查均获得...     

Physical fitness and physical training during Norwegian military service

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the physical fitness and training of Norwegian infantry soldiers during 10 months of compulsory military service. METHODS: Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and maximal numbers of sit-ups, push-ups, and chin-ups and 3-km running time were tested in 107 male infantry soldiers at the beginning and end of basic training (BT), and again at demobilization. The amount of physical training was registered throughout the military service. RESULTS: During BT, major improvements in sit-ups and push-ups were found. VO2max increased in soldiers with the lowest initial VO2max, but decreased to pre-BT level at demobilization. The amount of obligatory physical training was 8.5 hours x week(-1) during BT and 35% lower after BT, and was usually performed in uniform at low to moderate intensity. CONCLUSION: The amount of high-intensity endurance and strength training during compulsory military service is to low to improve the soldiers' endurance and muscular strength.     

Injury occurrence and risk factors in construction engineers and combat artillery soldiers

OBJECTIVES: This 1-year prospective study compared 125 construction engineers and 188 combat artillery soldiers to determine whether there were differences in injury occurrences/ types because of their diverse occupational tasks and training requirements. Also, intrinsic factors were studied to establish any associations with a soldier's risk for injury. METHODS: Prestudy height, weight, and body mass index and fitness (3.2-km run, sit-ups, push-ups) data were collected prior to the injury medical records review. Approximately 30% of each battalion was studied. RESULTS: For engineers and artillery, 86.0% and 66.0% incurred at least one injury, respectively. Of total soldiers, 64.0% of engineers and 56.4% of artillerymen had injuries associated with limited duty profiles. Total injuries resulted in 743 days of limited duty time (5.9 days per soldier) in engineers and 1,078 days (5.7 days per soldier) in artillery. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were also calculated. The odds of traumatic fractures were (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 1.8-23.7) 6 times higher in engineers than artillery, but strains/sprains and abrasions/lacerations were (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.5-3.7; OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.2-5.0) two times higher in artillery than engineers. The number of limited duty days associated with knee injuries was significantly higher in engineers than artillery (p < 0.0001), and number of days for low back injuries was significantly higher in the artillerymen (p < 0.0001). Greater body mass was a risk factor for lower back pain and the body mass index was > or = 25 for strains/sprains in both units. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in injuries were reported between the two units. It is plausible that the differences were related to the diverse training exposures of the units. However, it is beyond the scope of this study to make conclusions about the causes of the injury differences. The data also indicate that body mass and body mass index were identified as modifiable injury risk factors for both units, which suggests that these injuries are preventable.     

驻高原武警某部官兵训练伤发病状况及其与慢性疲劳综合征的关系

 目的 了解驻高原武警官兵训练伤发病状况,并探讨其与慢性疲劳综合征(chronic fatigue syndrome,CFS)之间的联系。方法 对驻高原武警某部官兵进行问卷调查,收集2020-09至2021-08的CFS与训练伤状况,分析人员类别、学历、年龄等对二者的影响,并探讨二者之间的相关性。结果 对1971名官兵的问卷调查结果显示,训练伤发病率为20.65%,CFS发病率为24.05%。通过单因素分析筛选影响因素,经二分类logistic回归分析,级别、年龄、学历的不同对CFS及训练伤的发病率有影响(P＜0.05),且患有CFS官兵训练伤的发病率为31.01%,显著高于平均水平,并易多次受伤(P＜0.05)。结论 驻高原官兵训练伤与CFS存在一定相关性,应将提高组训的科学性与防治CFS同步开展,确保官兵心理健康水平与身体素质不断提高。     

Physical training and exercise-related injuries. Surveillance, research and injury prevention in military populations

Athletes and soldiers must both develop and maintain high levels of physical fitness for the physically demanding tasks they perform; however, the routine physical activity necessary to achieve and sustain fitness can result in training-related injuries. This article reviews data from a systematic injury control programme developed by the US Army. Injury control requires 5 major steps: (i) surveillance to determine the size of the injury problem; (ii) studies to determine causes and risk factors for these injuries; (iii) studies to ascertain whether proposed interventions actually reduce injuries; (iv) implementation of effective interventions; and (v) monitoring to see whether interventions retain their effectiveness. Medical surveillance data from the US Army indicate that unintentional (accidental) injuries cause about 50% of deaths, 50% of disabilities, 30% of hospitalisations and 40 to 60% of outpatient visits. Epidemiological surveys show that the cumulative incidence of injuries (requiring an outpatient visit) in the 8 weeks of US Army basic training is about 25% for men and 55% for women; incidence rates for operational infantry, special forces and ranger units are about 10 to 12 injuries/100 soldier-months. Of the limited-duty days accrued by trainees and infantry soldiers who were treated in outpatient clinics, 80 to 90% were the result of training-related injuries. US Army studies document a number of potentially modifiable risk factors for these injuries, which include high amounts of running, low levels of physical fitness, high and low levels of flexibility, sedentary lifestyle and tobacco use, amongst others. Studies directed at interventions showed that limiting running distance can reduce the risk for stress fractures, that the use of ankle braces can reduce the likelihood of ankle sprains during airborne operations and that the use of shock-absorbing insoles does not reduce stress fractures during training. The US Army continues to develop a comprehensive injury prevention programme encompassing surveillance, research, programme implementation and monitoring. The findings from this programme, and the general principles of injury control therein, have a wide application in civilian sports and exercise programmes.     

Effect of static stretching on prevention of injuries for military recruits

This prospective study was designed to evaluate whether static stretching can prevent training-related injuries in Japan Ground Self-Defense Force military recruits. A total of 901 recruits between 1996 and 1998 were divided into two groups. Of which, 518 recruits were assigned to the stretching group and practiced static stretching before and after each physical training session. The control subjects (383 recruits in the nonstretching group) did not stretch statically prior to exercise. The static stretching consisted of 18 exercises. We collected injury data from medical records and assessed the incidence and the location of injury. The total injury rate was almost the same between two groups; however, the incidences of muscle/tendon injury and low back pain were significantly lower in the stretching group (p < 0.05). Static stretching decreased the incidence of muscle-related injuries but did not prevent bone or joint injuries.     

武警战士军事训练与皮肤病患病相关性调查

 目的 探讨军事训练与武警战士皮肤病患病之间关系.方法 采用皮肤病调查表对4 363名武警战士不同年度和训练前、训练后3个月、训练后1年皮肤病患病率分别进行调查比较.结果 发现训练3个月后毛囊炎、浅部真菌病和皮炎湿疹等皮肤疾病明显高于训练前(P＜0.05);训练1年浅部真菌病、皮炎湿疹和疣患病率明显高于训练后3个月并存在显著性差异(P＜0.05).2004年度战士浅部真菌病、皮炎湿疹和疣患病率明显低于2003年度,但日光性皮炎明显高于前1年,并存在显著性差异(P＜0.05 ).菌种分布以红色毛癣菌为主.结论 军事训练与皮肤病存在一定正相关关系,采取措施后可降低其发生率.