两类远岛环境对守岛战士注意力的影响

目的 探讨两类远岛环境对不同类型守岛战士注意力的影响.方法 运用华东师范大学科教仪器厂生产的注意分配仪(EP707A)和注意集中测验仪(EP711),分别测量两类远岛守岛战士和大陆对照组对声光反应的总时间、正确次数、靶标跟踪在靶时间、出轨次数.结果 远岛环境对守岛战士的注意分配能力在较长的时间(5年)内影响不明显,远岛环境对守岛5年以上的战士的注意分配能力有一定的影响,远岛环境对守岛战士的注意集中能力影响不明显,远岛环境可能不是影响守岛战士注意分配能力的最重要因素.结论 远岛环境只对守岛5年以上的战士注意分配能力有一定的影响.     

两类远岛环境对守岛战士社会适应能力的影响

响比对照组明显,建议对远岛长期守卫战士进行系统的社会适应能力训练.     

横形岛状皮瓣一期成形矫治尿道下裂

自 1994年 12月～ 2 0 0 0年 2月 ,我院行Ｄｕｃｋｅｔｔ[1] 包皮横形岛状皮瓣一期矫治阴茎型尿道下裂 36例。手术成功率 88 9%。报告如下。1　临床资料年龄 3～ 18岁 ,平均 (5 2± 1.4)岁。冠状沟型 4例 ,阴茎型 2 8例 ,阴囊型 4例。2　手术方法距冠状沟 0 .5ｃｍ环形切开包皮 ,沿Ｂｕｃｋ’ｓ筋膜游离至阴茎根部。切除腹侧纤维索带 ,量取阴茎伸展后尿道外口至阴茎顶端的距离 ,于阴茎背侧包皮缝合 4针牵引线 ,取宽约 1.2ｃｍ包皮内外板交界皮瓣 ,保留皮下ｃｏｌｌｅｓ’浅筋膜内血管 ,游离至阴茎根部 ,翻转 90°至腹侧 ,用 5 0可吸收线连…     

横形岛状皮瓣-期成形矫治尿道下裂

自1994年12月～2000年2月,我院行Duckett[1]包皮横形岛状皮瓣一期矫治阴茎型尿道下裂36例.手术成功率88.9%.报告如下.     

桡动脉逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的：利用带血管蒂的皮肤组织瓣修复手部皮肤软组织缺损。方法：用前臂桡动脉逆行岛状皮瓣转移修复手部皮肤软组织缺损。结果：手部皮肤软组织缺损全部修复，恢复了手的外形及功能。结论：桡动脉逆行岛状皮瓣在手部皮肤软组织广泛缺损修复中是一种很好的手术方法。     

正常人丘脑及岛盖功能连接的MRI研究

目的:探讨正常人在静息和认知任务状态下丘脑及岛盖功能连接的变化情况。方法:采用BOLD-fMRI方法,检测16例健康志愿者在静息和2-back任务状态下的脑功能连接,将前额叶内侧皮层作为种子点,应用SPM2、AFNI及Matlab软件进行图像数据处理,对2-back任务和静息状态行组内和组间2个水平的统计分析,统计阈值概率设定为P=0.005(未校正)。结果:与左侧丘脑前核相关的网络系统与默认网络一致,而丘脑背侧部属"任务正激活网络",且受试者反应正确率与左侧丘脑背侧的相关性差异有统计学意义(r=-0.52,P=0.04)。"岛盖相关网络"与"默认网络"呈负相关,前者在静息状态相关性高于任务状态,其主要脑区包括双岛叶、双顶下小叶、双中央旁小叶、双颞上回、双海马旁回等。结论:人脑在静息和任务状态下脑区间的功能连接不同,表现为丘脑前核和丘脑背侧部的功能分化,及"岛盖相关网络"与"默认网络"在静息状态的功能拮抗。     

小腿后外侧逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣的临床应用

目的：探讨小腿后外侧逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣修复足和踝部皮肤软组织缺损的可行性。方法：在小腿后外侧设计岛状筋膜皮瓣逆行转移修复12例足与踝部皮肤软组织缺损，其中创伤所致单纯软组织缺损4例，慢性溃疡5例，不稳定瘢痕切除创面2例，电击伤创面1例。结果：除1例皮瓣远端坏死外，其余全部成活，随访6月～4年效果满意。结论：小腿后外侧逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣血供丰富，不损伤主要动静脉，供皮面积大，蒂长转移方便，操作简便易行，成功率高，是修复足与踝部皮肤软组织缺损的良好方法。     

指背逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端软组织缺损

目的探讨指背逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端软组织缺损的手术方法及疗效。方法 2010年1月~2015年4月,应用指背逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端软组织缺损41例45指,其中男性32例,女性9例;年龄17~57岁,平均37岁。41例患者45指均有指骨外露,缺损面积1.8cm×1.5cm~3.0cm×2.5cm。皮瓣切取范围2.0cm×1.8cm~3.2cm×2.8cm。皮瓣旋转点于远指间关节以近,逆行旋转覆盖指端缺损区。结果 45指皮瓣均成活。39指随访5~20个月,平均12.5个月,皮瓣颜色、皮肤质地及弹性良好,外形佳,皮瓣两点辨别觉为8~10mm,皮瓣供区外观满意,手指运动功能满意。结论指背逆行岛状皮瓣手术操作简单,不伤及指间动脉及神经,血管蒂长,皮瓣蒂携带皮条,旋转弧度大,成功率高,疗效满意,是修复指端软组织缺损的有效方法之一。     

Use of phenomenon of adsorption decrease in solid cohesion for remote lithotripsy (experimental study)

The possibility of using the phenomenon of adsorption decrease in solid cohesion well known in the colloid chemistry as Rebinder effect for nephrolith remote destruction was studied. Sorption properties of urine components in healthy persons and those suffering from urolithiasis were compared. The number of synthetic surfactants were studied according to the values of bordering moistening angle and efficiency of remote destruction of firm nephrolithes in vitro. The bordering moistening angle measurements have shown that the urine of healthy persons demonstrates higher surface activity compared with the urine of those suffering from urolithiasis. The correlation between the value of bordering moistening angle for the liquid into which the urolithiasis was immersed and the destruction efficiency in vitro in that media was established. The efficiency of nephrolith destruction was found to increase in the water solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate.     

A simple remote system for the high-level radioiodination of monoclonal antibodies

We have developed a system for the remote control radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). The system is simple, inexpensive to assemble, and completely disposable. Reagents are pneumatically manipulated into vials containing Iodogen and an anion exchange resin, wherein iodination and separation of bound from free iodine occur, respectively, and sterilized (by filter) into a final vial. Radiolabeling yields of 38.9 +/- 5.5% were consistently produced with 99.3 +/- 0.2% of the isotope bound to the antibody. These results were not significantly different from those obtained in manual iodinations. However, the radiation dose to the hands of the laboratory worker in the remote mode was reduced at least ninefold. The system is presently being introduced for 300 to 400 mCi 131I iodinations of the anti-ovarian cancer MoAb OC 125 in a Phase I radioimmunotherapy trial.     

Xe/CT cerebral blood flow evaluation of delayed symptomatic cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PURPOSE: We examined the xenon/CT method of measuring cerebral blood flow in assessing the location, pattern of onset, and severity of delayed cerebral ischemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients with delayed neurologic deficits due to ischemia were selected from a group of 66 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. All blood flow studies were performed within 12 hours of deterioration and at regular intervals during medical management. RESULTS: In 10 of the 14 patients, noncontrast CT did not identify a cause for deterioration, whereas the blood flow study revealed diminished flow values. Location of blood flow reduction was variable. In five of the 14 patients, blood flow reduction was closely related anatomically to the vessel of aneurysm origin. In another three, blood flow reduction was anatomically remote to the vessel of origin. The remaining six experienced local and remote cerebral blood flow reduction. Six of 14 patients suffered sudden, devastating deterioration, refractory to therapy and associated with blood flow of 15 cc/100 g.min or less, resulting in local or widespread infarction. The remaining eight had less severe blood flow reduction and did not infarct those territories. CONCLUSIONS: Vasospasm can affect remote vessels as severely as local vessels and can affect remote vessels alone. Diminished cerebral blood flow correlated closely with clinical vasospasm in this group of patients. Xenon/CT cerebral blood flow studies can identify tissue at risk of infarction when CT is normal.     

Spatially resolved imaging of myocardial function with strain-encoded MR: comparison with delayed contrast-enhanced MR imaging after myocardial infarction

Strain-encoded magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was prospectively evaluated for direct imaging of systolic myocardial strain and compared with cross-registered delayed contrast material-enhanced MR imaging in five healthy volunteers and nine patients with infarction. Local contractile performance was decreased in infarcted myocardium versus that in remote and adjacent myocardium (P < .01) and in adjacent versus remote myocardium (P < .05). The extent of dysfunctional myocardium, as assessed with strain-encoded MR imaging, was greater than that of hyperenhancement, as assessed with delayed contrast-enhanced MR imaging (P < .05). Strain values obtained with strain-encoded MR imaging were strongly correlated with those obtained with three-dimensional tagged MR imaging (r = 0.75, P < .001). Strain-encoded MR imaging provides spatially resolved (1.5 x 2.5-mm) imaging and measurement of myocardial strain in humans without the need for postprocessing, which may improve routine comprehensive evaluation of myocardial viability.     

Evaluation of a remote radioiodination system for radioimmunotherapy

This report describes a remote radioiodination system which is inexpensive, easy to assemble, disposable, and capable of radioiodinating curie levels of activity safely. In addition to the safety afforded by this system, an immobilized oxidant and anion exchange resin are used to generate electrophilic iodine and remove free iodine, respectively. Reducing agents are not used and, therefore, when radioiodinating F(ab')2 fragments, degradation does not occur. In contrast, chloramine-T, sodium metabisulfite (CT/SMB) iodinations of F(ab')2 fragments resulted in products with up to 40% Fab' fragments. Radiolabeling yields (65.8% +/- 8.1%) and antibody immunoreactivity (68.8% +/- 8.0%) were not statistically different (p less than 0.001) from those obtained in remote CT/SMB iodinations. The system is currently being used to radioiodinate both IgG and F(ab')2 monoclonal antibodies with up to 450 mCi 131I for clinical radioimmunotherapy trials.     

Analysis of normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis: comparison of diffusion tensor MR imaging and magnetization transfer imaging.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our purpose was to compare diffusion tensor MR and magnetization transfer imaging in assessing normal-appearing white matter (WM) regions in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Diffusion tensor, magnetization transfer, and conventional MR imaging were performed in 12 patients with MS. Fractional anisotropy, apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs), and magnetization transfer ratios (MTRs) were measured in plaques, normal-appearing periplaque WM (PWM) regions, and normal-appearing WM regions remote from plaques. Mean fractional anisotropy, ADCs, and MTRs were calculated and compared in WM regions. RESULTS: Fractional anisotropy was lower in normal-appearing PWM regions than in remote WM regions (P <.001) but higher than in plaques (P <.001). MTRs were lower (not significantly, P =.19) in normal-appearing PWM regions than in remote regions. MTRs were higher in normal-appearing PWM regions than in plaques (P <.001). ADCs were higher in normal-appearing PWM regions than in remote regions (P =.008) but lower than in plaques (P =.001). Correlation between fractional anisotropy and MTRs of individual lesions was poor (r = 0.18) and between fractional anisotropy and ADC, modest (r = -0.39). CONCLUSION: In MS, diffusion tensor MR imaging can depict differences between WM regions that are not apparent on conventional MR images. Anisotropy measurements may be more sensitive than those of MTRs in detecting subtle abnormalities in PWM.     

A long way from home: Access to cancer care for rural Australians

In 2002, the Commonwealth Radiation Oncology Inquiry reported that access to cancer care services in Australia was seriously limited. Several recommendations were made, including improving access to cancer care in rural areas by increasing the number of comprehensive oncology facilities outside the cities. Much has changed since 2002, with the establishment of a number of Regional Integrated Cancer Centres. This has been boosted again in 2011 by further Commonwealth Government funding.Cancer is primarily a disease of the elderly and, with the ageing population access to cancer care for rural and remote Australians remains a major challenge. Cancer is the second most common cause of death in Australia, exceeded only by cardiovascular disease. It has been reported that the relative risk of dying of cancer within 5 years of diagnosis is 35% higher for those living in remote locations compared with major cities. Overall cancer mortality is significantly higher in rural and remote locations (206 deaths per 100,000) compared with urbanised areas (172 per 100,000). Cancer mortality is higher again for the Aboriginal population (230 per 100,000).The reasons for the disparity in cancer outcomes for metropolitan versus non-metropolitan Australians are varied. In general, rural and remote residents have to travel long distances and stay away from home, family and work for long periods of time to access the care they need. Hence, distance is the overriding barrier to access, compounded by the financial costs and disruption to family life, not to mention the endemic lack of specialist medical and allied health workforce outside the major cities. Some rural and remote Australians choose to compromise, accessing whatever care they can locally, although this contributes to the need for cancer care services close to where people choose to live and die, to deal with the complex associated morbidities.Recent government investment in new regional cancer care infrastructure is essential; however, it is not the entire solution. Staffing the new facilities calls for innovative solutions, including managed care pathways, outreach programs, models of shared care and the use of telemedicine. There is also a need to better address issues of Indigenous cultural safety and risk reduction in the Aboriginal population.     

Gynaecological treatments using the Selectron remote afterloading system

The Manchester method of gynaecological treatment using radium 226, ovoids and a flexible intrauterine tube has been used in many centres. In Newcastle, the Manchester technique was used until 1971, when a manually afterloaded system (MAS) using caesium 137 and two source trains was introduced. In 1985, the MAS was replaced by the Selectron remote afterloading system (RAS), which also uses caesium-137 sources. The dosimetry of this remote system has been designed to produce the same shape of isodose distributions as the MAS, but shorter treatment times. The applicator design and the dosimetry of the system used in Newcastle are discussed. Dose rates achieved by the RAS are more than double those currently produced by the MAS, and a reduction in prescribed dose of 10-20% is being made. The percentage of ward staff receiving monthly doses of more than 0.2 mSv has fallen from 78% to 18% since the introduction of the remote afterloading system. The almost-cylindrical isodose distributions facilitate matching of external beam treatments using a central lead wedge to the intracavitary treatments, and work is in progress to develop this technique.     

Risk stratification in patients with remote prior myocardial infarction using rest-stress myocardial perfusion spect: prognostic value and impact on referral to early catheterization

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the prognostic value of myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with remote prior myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS: We identified 1413 consecutive patients with remote prior MI who underwent rest-stress myocardial perfusion SPECT. Semiquantitative visual analysis of 20 SPECT segments was used to define the summed stress, rest, and difference scores. The number of non-reversible segments was used as an index of infarct size. During follow-up (>or=1 year), 118 hard events occurred: 64 cardiac deaths (CDs) and 54 recurrent MIs. Annual CD and hard event rates increased significantly as a function of SPECT abnormality. For summed stress scores less than 4, 4 to 8, 9 to 13, and more than 13, the annual CD rates were 0.4%, 0.9%, 1.7%, and 3.5%, respectively (P =.002). Patients with small MI (<4 non-reversible segments) and no or mild ischemia (summed difference score or=4 non-reversible segments) had moderate to high annual CD rates (3.7%-6.6%) regardless of the extent of ischemia. Nuclear testing added incremental prognostic information to pre-scan information. Compared with a strategy in which all patients are referred to catheterization, a strategy that referred only those patients with a risk for CD of greater than 1% by myocardial perfusion SPECT resulted in a 41.6% cost savings. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial perfusion SPECT adds incremental value to pre-scan information and is highly predictive and cost-efficient in the risk stratification of patients with remote prior MI. Patients with normal or mildly abnormal scan results or small MI in combination with absent or mild ischemia have a low risk for CD.