64层螺旋CT平扫和增强诊断成人急性阑尾炎的比较

目的:探讨64层CT平扫和增强扫描对急性阑尾炎的诊断价值。方法:采用GE LightSpeed 64层CT机,对98例临床怀疑急性阑尾炎的患者行CT平扫和增强扫描,采用多平面重组(MPR)、曲面重组(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)技术进行图像后处理,分析单纯平扫及平扫结合增强扫描诊断急性阑尾炎的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和符合率。结果:98例中54例行手术治疗,7例经手术病理证实为正常阑尾,47例为急性阑尾炎:阑尾充血、水肿4例,单纯性阑尾炎12例,阑尾炎伴阑尾周围炎17例,阑尾坏疽、穿孔伴周围炎8例,阑尾脓肿6例。CT平扫诊断急性阑尾炎46例,其中3例为假阳性;平扫结合增强扫描正确诊断45例,假阴性2例。两者诊断急性阑尾炎的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及符合率分别为91.5%、57.1%、93.5%、50.0%和87.0%以及95.7%、100.0%、100.0%、77.8%和96.3%。两者对急性阑尾炎的诊断符合率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:64层螺旋CT平扫可以快速准确地显示急性阑尾炎及其并发症,而且操作简便、费用少及辐射剂量低,可以作为拟诊急性阑尾炎而临床表现不典型患者的首选检查方法。     

多层螺旋CT非增强三维重建诊断急性阑尾炎的价值探讨

目的探讨多层螺旋CT非增强三维重建诊断急性阑尾炎的价值. 资料与方法 2002年2月～2003年9月临床疑诊阑尾炎收治入院手术患者39例,术前均作了常规扫描和三维重建CT检查,术后31例确诊为阑尾炎,从阑尾充血、水肿至阑尾脓肿共分5级(正常阑尾为0级). 结果对照手术病理,三维重建诊断急性阑尾炎准确率87.2%,敏感性90.3%,特异性75.0%,阳性预测值93.3%,阴性预测值66.7%.常规CT检查诊断急性阑尾炎准确率38.5%,敏感性38.7%,特异性37.5%,阳性预测值70.6%,阴性预测值13.6%.28例确诊急性阑尾炎的三维重建像上所示5种主要征象及出现频率如下阑尾肿大(管腔直径＞6 mm)(96.4%),阑尾结石(26.7%),回盲部肥厚(36.7%),阑尾周围炎(71.4%),脓肿(10.7%). 结论多层螺旋CT三维重建技术显著提高了CT对临床症状模棱两可、临床疑诊急性阑尾炎患者的术前诊断能力,并可减少重型阑尾炎病例的发生.     

多层螺旋CT在诊断急性阑尾炎中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT对急性阑尾炎的诊断价值.方法 采用GE Lishtspeed Plus 4层螺旋CT机对22例正常组和17例阑尾炎组以1.25 mm层厚进行薄层扫描,平扫范围包括第3腰椎水平至盆腔上部,必要时扫描至盆腔下部,6例(每组3例)行增强扫描,扫描完成后将图像进行多平面容积重组(multiplanar volume reformation,MPVR)和容积再现(volume rendering,VR),获得三维显示的阑尾图像.结果 正常组22例中19例得以准确地显示阑尾形态和位置,管腔直径<6 mm,显示率为86.3%.阑尾炎组17例患者中15例与手术和病理相同,准确性为88.2%,分级错误1例,误诊1例为盲肠周围炎.本组CT诊断急性阑尾炎的符合率94.1%.结论 平扫和增强多层螺旋CT扫描对临床怀疑急性阑尾炎的患者有较高的临床应用价值.     

64层螺旋CT多平面及曲面重组在急性阑尾炎诊断中的价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT多平面及曲面重组(MPR/CPR)技术在急性阑尾炎诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 收集本院临床拟诊急性阑尾炎的病例200例,术前均采用64层螺旋CT行常规扫描及多平面及曲面重组(MPR/CPR),其中30例加CT增强扫描,总结分析其CT表现,并将CT诊断结果与手术病理结果作对照.结果 在200例患者中,CT诊断急性阑尾炎173例,假阳性3例,假阴性8例,其CT表现为阑尾肿大,阑尾结石,阑尾周围炎,阑尾脓肿,阑尾穿孔,腹膜炎及小肠梗阻.常规扫描诊断急性阑尾炎的准确度为62.5%,敏感度60.6%,特异度76.0%,阳性预测值94.6%,阴性预测值21.6%,而结合MPR/CPR诊断急性阑尾炎的准确度为94.5%,敏感度95.5%,特异度86.4%,阳性预测值98.3%,阴性预测值70.4%.结论 64层螺旋CT结合MPR/CPR能使急性阑尾炎的诊断准确性明显提高.     

64层螺旋CT曲面重建技术在急性阑尾炎诊断中的价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT曲面重建在急性阑尾炎诊断中的价值。资料与方法回顾性分析82例临床拟诊为急性阑尾炎而行64层螺旋CT检查和多平面重建(MPR)及曲面重建(CPR)的病例。其中,CT诊断急性阑尾炎61例,60例经手术病理证实为急性阑尾炎。结果 91.67%(55/60)成功获得曲面重建图像。应用64层螺旋CT曲面重建后,提高了阑尾系膜水肿、回盲肠壁水肿的显示率及阑尾识别率。64层螺旋CT结合多平面重建及曲面重建诊断急性阑尾炎的准确度为98.78%,灵敏度为100%,特异度为95.45%。阳性预测值为98.36%,阴性预测值为100%。结论 64层螺旋CT曲面重建可以准确地识别阑尾,从而做出急性阑尾炎诊断。     

多层螺旋CT诊断急性阑尾炎临床价值分析

目的探讨急性阑尾炎16层螺旋CT表现与病理的相关性。方法分析我院60例经手术及病理证实的急性阑尾患者的16层螺旋CT影像学资料。结果对照手术病理,经MSCT诊断60例患者中急性单纯性阑尾炎28例,坏疽性及穿孔性阑尾炎4例,急性化脓性阑尾炎24例,阑尾周围脓肿2例,2例漏诊,MSCT诊断急性阑尾炎的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为98.3%%、91.7%%、96.7%、阳性预测值89.7%,阴性预测值74.6%。结论 MSCT可显著提高急性阑尾炎的术前诊断准确率,CT分级可预测外科术后病理结果,为临床治疗提供帮助,值得在临床推广应用。     

多层螺旋CT在诊断老年急腹症中的临床应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在诊断老年急腹症中的临床应用价值。方法对我院152例急性腹痛而进行腹部CT检查的患者进行多层螺旋CT平扫、增强及三维重建。结果本文152例急性腹痛患者在经临床确诊其中急性胰腺炎7例,占4.61%,急性阑尾炎15例,占9.87%,急性胆囊炎12例,占7.89%,肠梗阻36例,占23.68%,间位结肠5例,占3.29%,泌尿系统结石51例,占33.55%,腹部肿瘤8例,占5.26%,消化道溃疡穿孔15例,占9.87%,腹部异物3例,占1.97%。多层螺旋CT对老年急腹症诊断的总体符合率(96.05%)明显高于CR(57.89%),且差异具有统计学意义。结论 MSCT由于扫描速度快,对病变的原因、部位、性质均有较直观的显示,可显著提高老年急腹症的诊断率。     

应用多层螺旋CT多方位重建技术诊断急性阑尾炎的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT多方位重建(MPVR)诊断急性阑尾炎的价值。方法2002年2月至2003年9月临床疑诊阑尾炎收治入院手术患者39例,术前均作了常规扫描和MPVR重建2种CT检查,术后31例确诊为阑尾炎,从阑尾充血、水肿至阑尾脓肿共分5级(正常阑尾为0级)。结果对照手术病理,MPVR重建诊断急性阑尾炎准确率872%,敏感度903%,特异度75%,阳性预测值933%,阴性预测值667%。常规CT检查诊断急性阑尾炎准确度385%,敏感度387%,特异度375%,阳性预测值706%,阴性预测值136%。28例确诊急性阑尾炎的MPVR重建片所示5种主要征象及出现频率如下阑尾肿大(管腔直径>6mm)(964%),阑尾结石(267%),回盲部肥厚(367%),阑尾周围炎(714%),脓肿(107%)。结论多层螺旋CTMPVR重建技术显著提高了CT对临床症状模棱两可、临床疑诊急性阑尾炎患者的术前诊断能力,并可减少重型阑尾炎病例的发生。     

多层螺旋CT三维重建成像技术在输尿管病变中的应用价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT三维重建成像技术对输尿管病变检查的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析临床怀疑的泌尿系统病变25例,所有病例在行螺旋CT增强扫描前均做了静脉尿路造影或逆行肾盂造影。扫描图像减薄,层厚1.25 mm,层间距1 mm。所有数据传入工作站进行三维重建,并对重建后输尿管图像与CT轴位平扫图像及X线平片对比分析。结果:三维重建泌尿系图像清晰显示输尿管空间结构。结论:多层螺旋CT三维重建技术获得的图像能以最优形式清晰、立体地显示输尿管解剖结构及空间位置关系。     

非增强螺旋CT扫描对急性阑尾炎的诊断价值

目的 评价非增强螺旋CT扫描对急性阑尾炎的诊断价值。资料与方法 对115例临床怀疑急性阑尾炎患者作非增强螺旋CT扫描，不口服或结肠内灌注对比剂，层厚10mm，Pitch1，扫描范围从L3椎体至耻骨联合。CT诊断急性阑尾炎的标准包括阑尾增粗横径超过6mm，或阑尾结石同时伴有阑尾周围的炎性改变。CT诊断结果与手术、病理或临床随访结果进行对照。结果 CT发现56例真阳性，49例真阴性，7例假阴性和3例假阳性。CT诊断急性阑尾炎的敏感性为89％，特异性为94％，准确性为91％，阳性预测值为95％，阴性预测值为88％。49例无阑尾炎患者中，CT发现其他病变22例(45％)。结论 非增强螺旋CT扫描，能快速、准确地诊断有无急性阑尾炎，而且还能发现除阑尾炎以外的其他各种病变。     

Diagnosis of acute appendicitis with unenhanced helical CT: a study of 130 patients

The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of helical computed tomography (CT) without oral, intravenous, or rectal administration of contrast material in confirming the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in patients with suggestive clinical and laboratory findings. One hundred and thirty patients with suspected acute appendicitis underwent an unenhanced helical CT scan. Scans were obtained in a single breath-hold from the level of umbilicus to the pubic symphysis using a 5-mm collimation. Oral, intravenous, or rectal contrast materials were not used. The criteria for diagnosis of acute appendicitis included an enlarged diameter of appendix more than 6 mm with associated periappendiceal inflammation. The results yielded a sensitivity of 94.7%, a specificity of 91.7%, an accuracy of 93.8%, a positive predictive value of 96.7%, and a negative predictive value of 86.8%. Unenhanced helical CT accurately diagnoses acute appendicitis, and it protects the patients from unnecessary further time-consuming diagnostic procedures, the risks associated with contrast material administration, and unnecessary surgical interventions. Electronic Publication     

Resident Interpretation of Emergency CT Scans in the Evaluation of Acute Appendicitis

PURPOSE: Radiology resident interpretation of computed tomographic (CT) scans at academic institutions often guides management of cases of suspected acute appendicitis in the emergency department. The purpose of this study was to compare resident and faculty interpretation of CT scans obtained for acute appendicitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From December 16, 1999, to July 13, 2000, CT was performed in 103 consecutive patients between the hours of 9:00 PM and 8:00 AM who were suspected of having acute appendicitis. The authors compared the residents' preliminary written interpretations with both the final reports written by the faculty and the surgical findings. The faculty interpreting the CT scans were aware of resident interpretations but were not aware that a study was being conducted. RESULTS: The final faculty interpretation and the preliminary resident interpretation were identical in 96 of the 103 patients (93%; 95% confidence interval: 87.8%, 97.2%). In only one patient was a scan originally interpreted as negative interpreted as positive by the faculty member. Clinically, the patient did not have acute appendicitis, and surgery was not perforrmed. CONCLUSION: In the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, image interpretations made by adequately trained radiology residents can be expected to closely match those of the radiology faculty, and the practice of after-hours interpretation of such studies by radiology residents is safe.     

Rapid CT diagnosis of acute appendicitis with IV contrast material

The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography (CT) without administration of oral contrast in confirming suspected acute appendicitis. One hundred seventy-three patient studies were retrieved by a computer-generated search for the word “appendicitis” in radiology reports. Patients presenting to the emergency department over an 8-month period were examined for acute abdominal pain or suspected acute appendicitis. IV-contrast-enhanced CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis were obtained without oral or rectal contrast. Criteria for diagnosis of acute appendicitis included a dilated appendix (>6 mm), periappendiceal inflammation, or abscess. Final diagnoses were established with surgical/clinical follow-up, histopathological analysis or both. The standard time (1 h) for the administration of oral contrast prior to the CT scan was eliminated. Fifty-nine CT diagnoses were made of acute appendicitis, 56 of which were histologically verified and three of which resulted in another diagnosis. One hundred fourteen CT diagnoses were negative for appendicitis. This corresponds to a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97%, a positive predictive value of 95%, and a negative predictive value of 100%. CT with IV contrast is sensitive and specific for the confirmation or exclusion of acute appendicitis. By eliminating the time required to administer oral contrast, the diagnosis might be made more rapidly.     

急性阑尾炎的CT漏诊及误诊分析

目的:探讨急性阑尾炎CT诊断漏诊、误诊的原因.材料和方法:对23例经手术及病理证实的急性阑尾炎病例的术前CT资料进行回顾性分析,重点对CT漏诊、误诊原因进行分析.结果:23例急性阑尾炎中,14例(60.9%)CT于术前确定急性阑尾炎诊断,8例(34.8%)漏诊,1例(4.3%)误诊.8例漏诊中,5例诊断时对急性阑尾炎CT表现认识不足或完全忽略;2例分别为单纯性阑尾炎及慢性阑尾炎急性发作,CT表现轻微;3例右下腹缺乏脂肪比衬,影像学诊断困难;2例CT扫描范围不足,未完全覆盖病变区域.1例阑尾脓肿因忽略脓腔中粪石征而误诊.结论:熟悉急性阑尾炎的各种CT表现、改善扫描方法并密切结合临床应可帮助提高术前诊断率.     

非对比增强CT对临床疑诊急性阑尾炎的诊断准确性（附74例分析）

目的评价非对比增强CT对1临床疑诊急性阑尾炎的诊断准确性。方法74例临床疑诊急性阑尾炎患者均经非对比增强的腹盆部（从L1椎体水平至耻骨联合上缘）螺旋CcT扫描。用于诊断急性阑尾炎的标准为阑尾直径大于6mm和阑尾周围脂肪的炎性改变。最终的CT诊断经手术或临床随访证实。结果74例临床疑诊急性阑尾炎患者中,CT诊断25例真阳性,42例真阴性,4例假阴性和3例假阳性,敏感性为86．2％,特异性为93．3％,准确性为90．5％,阳性预测值为89．3％,阴性预测值为91．3％。结论非对比增强CT对诊断或排除急性阑尾炎具有较高的准确性,并能大幅度地降低阴性阑尾的切除率和不必要的延期观察。     

小儿急性阑尾炎CT诊断

目的　提高小儿急性阑尾炎CT诊断水平。方法　回顾性分析 35例经临床病理证实的 9岁以下急性阑尾炎的CT表现。结果　35例中阑尾肿大增粗,直径>6mm25例,阑尾腔内结石钙化 5例,盲肠周围炎并盲肠壁增厚 27例,肠淤张 22例。结论　CT对急性阑尾炎的诊断有较高的准确性和临床实用性。     

AEF值评估肝硬化门静脉高压TIPS术疗效的应用价值

目的探讨常规CT三期类灌注参数动脉增强分数(AEF)值在肝硬化门静脉高压(PHT)行TIPS术后疗效评价中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析行TIPS术的30例PHT患者术前1周内、术后4~6周内的常规CT三期类灌注扫描图像。按照术后患者临床表现,分为治疗有效组和无效组。应用软件计算AEF值,AEF值为(动脉期CT值-平扫期CT值)/(门静脉期CT值-平扫期CT值),将结果与术后患者临床表现相结合并进行统计学分析。结果术后较术前AEF值明显增高(0.521±0.093 vs 0.446±0.057,Z=-4.214,P<0.05);有效组25例(出血治疗有效23例,腹腔积液治疗有效2例),无效组5例(出血治疗无效2例,腹腔积液治疗无效3例),有效组较无效组AEF值明显增高(0.533±0.098 vs 0.463±0.021,Z=-2.198,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。以术后AEF值0.501为临界值预测TIPS术后短期内疗效,敏感性和特异性分别为60%和100%,曲线下面积为0.816(P<0.001)。结论常规CT三期类灌注扫描参数AEF值可能能定量评估肝硬化门静脉高压行TIPS术后短期内的疗效。     

不同病因所致化脓性腹膜炎的CT表现特征

目的 探讨不同病因所致继发性化脓性腹膜炎(SPP)的CT表现特征。资料与方法 搜集32例有CT检查资料的SPP病例，其中经手术病理证实24例，经腹腔穿刺和／或其他临床综合指标诊断8例。着重观察引起SPP的原发病灶及腹膜炎的CT表现。结果 32例除均具有SPP的CT表现外，它们的原发病灶的CT征象显示如下：无腹部手术史的25例腹膜炎中，胃肠道穿孔10例，急性阑尾炎7例，急性胆囊炎3例，腹、盆腔脓肿3例，升结肠炎症伴周围炎症2例；有腹部手术史的7例腹膜炎中，脓肿形成5例，引起腹腔感染2例。结论 应用CT扫描诊断SPP，有利于显示SPP原发病灶及腹膜炎CT征象以及二者的解剖关联性，对临床表现不典型病例的诊断和鉴别诊断有较大价值。     

急性胰腺炎CT诊断价值的评价(附64例分析)

目的:评价CT对急性胰腺炎的诊断准确性。材料与方法:64例急性胰腺炎。男性24例,女性40例,年龄29～78岁,平均53.2岁,于临床症状出现2小时至7天内均经CT扫描。其中55例还经增强扫描。结果:64例中经CT诊断为急性水肿性胰腺炎49例,急性坏死性胰腺炎15例。5例经手术证实,59例经临床、实验及腹膜穿刺证实。结论:CT是目前诊断急性胰腺炎的最敏感的方法。特别是增强扫描对鉴别急性胰腺炎的病变类型具有很高的敏感性,值得首选。