基于动脉自旋标记成像分析帕金森病神经代谢网络拓扑属性的改变

目的:应用动脉自旋标记(ASL)灌注成像(PWI)从代谢视角探讨神经网络的无创性构建,并分析其拓扑属性改变在帕金森病(PD)神经损伤中的作用机制。方法:基于磁共振ASL-PWI获取52例PD患者及相匹配的55例健康志愿者(HC组)的脑血流信息,构建组水平的神经代谢网络,采用图论分析网络的全局和节点拓扑属性(稀疏度为10%～50%,步长为1%)并进行组间比较。全局拓扑属性包括小世界属性(γ、λ、σ)、最短路径长度(Lp)、聚类系数(Cp)、全局效率(Eglob)和局部效率(Eloc),节点拓扑属性包括节点介数(BC)、节点度(DC)和节点效率(NE)。结果:两组受试者年龄、性别分布、受教育程度及认知功能(MMSE)评分的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PD组运动功能(UPDRS-Ⅲ)评分为24.60±14.00、疾病H-Y分期为1.39±0.49。在全局拓扑属性方面,PD组和HC组的神经代谢网络均显示出小世界属性(γ>1、λ≈1且σ>1);PD组的Eglob值显著高于HC组(0.25 vs. 0.23),而λ(0.42 vs. 0.46)、Lp(0.67 vs. 0...     

轻度认知功能障碍及阿尔茨海默病脑白质的MR扩散张量成像研究

目的 应用MR DTI方法评价轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)及阿尔茨海默病(AD)脑白质微观结构完格性,进一步探讨脑白质异常与认知功能损害之间的关系.方法 选取9例遗忘型MCI(MCI组)、15例可能AD(AD组)和11名年龄匹配的正常老年人(NC组),对常规腩部MRI脑白质表现正常的部位进行DTI扫描,测量不同脑区的各向异性指数(FA)及平均扩散率(MD),应用单因素方差分析对3组相应区域进行组间比较,并对所有被试DTI指数与临床认知评价量表积分进行相关性检验.结果 MCI患者顶叶、半卵圆中心、后扣带回、海马旁回、颞叶、额叶FA值分别为0.31±0.03、0.39±0.03、0.62±0.05、0.59±0.05、0.47±0.08、0.32±0.04,MD值分别为(899±30)×10-6、(782±53)×10-6、(732±45)×10-6、(806±38)×10-6、(772±55)×10-6、(792±35)×10-6mm2/s.AD患者相应部位FA值分别为0.28±0.04、0.37±0.03、0.55±0.06、0.52±0.05、0.40±0.05、0.27±0.04,MD值分别为(912±37)×10-6、(800±67)×10-6、(762±46)×10-6、(874±57)×10-6、(822±55)×10-6、(822±39)×10-6mm2/s.NC组FA值分别为0.36±0.03、0.43±0.05、0.64±0.05、0.60±0.05、0.52±0.05、0.33±0.03,MD值分别为(866±37)×10-6、(754±54)×10-6、(718±32)×10-6、(810±39)×10-6、(755±48)×10-6、(785±23)×10-6mm2/s.与NC组对比,MCI组的顶叶FA值明显下降(P<0.01),AD组顶叶、半卵圆中心FA值亦明显减低(P<0.01),且后扣带回、海马旁回及颞叶、额叶脑白质FA值及相应MD值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),同时这些区域DTI指数与临床认知评价量表积分具有相关性(P<0.05).结论 MR DTI能够探测AD及MCI患者脑白质微观结构异常,顶叶脑白质FA值的异常在认知功能损害的早期即已发生,该脑区白质异常改变及区域性失联络在痴呆进程中可能起到重要作用.     

扩散峰度成像评估多发性硬化患者脑结构网络拓扑属性改变及其微结构损伤

目的探讨多发性硬化(MS)患者脑结构网络拓扑属性改变及其微结构损伤, 并分析其与认知功能的相关性。方法回顾性分析2021年5月至2022年9月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院确诊为MS患者114例(MS组)的临床和影像资料。另招募同期71名志愿者作为健康对照组(HC组)。对所有受检者进行认知功能评估及3D-T1磁化准备快速梯度回波成像序列、3D液体衰减翻转恢复序列和扩散峰度成像(DKI)扫描。采用GRETNA软件获取网络拓扑属性, 全局属性包括全局效率、局部效率和小世界属性[聚类系数(Cp)、最短路径长度(Lp)、标准化Cp(γ)、标准化Lp和小世界指数(σ)]。局部属性包括节点介数(BC)、节点度(DC)、节点集聚系数(NCp)、节点效率、节点局部效率(NLe)和节点最短路径长度。采用后处理软件生成的DKI参数图, 提取脑结构网络局部属性异常脑区的DKI参数值。采用独立样本t检验或Mann-WhitneyU检验分析2组全局属性、局部属性差异及局部属性异常脑区DKI参数值[各向异性分数(KFA)、平均峰度(MK)、径向峰度(RK)和轴向峰度(AK)值]的差异, 并经错误发现率(FDR)校正。...     

早期帕金森病患者脑白质损害的扩散张量成像研究

目的:采用基于纤维束示踪的空间统计方法分析(TBSS)早期帕金森病患者扩散张量成像(DTI)数据,研究早期帕金森病患者脑白质结构损害情况及与运动症状的相关性.方法:18例早期帕金森病(PD)患者(Hoehn-Yahr 1～2级)及22例健康志愿者(对照组)行DTI扫描,采用TBSS技术对两组受试者的DTI数据进行分析,比较两组受试者脑白质纤维的部分各向异性(FA)值的差异,及其与帕金森病评估量表(UPDRS-Ⅲ)评分的相关性,测量并比较先发病侧与对侧大脑白质的FA值.结果:全脑分析显示:与正常对照组相比,PD组双侧额顶部、放射冠、胼胝体和扣带回的脑白质FA值明显减低(P＜0.05),且其范围均与UPDRS-Ⅲ评分呈负相关(r=-0.479～-0.736,P＜0.05);早期PD患者先发病侧大脑与对侧大脑比较,后放射冠、顶叶及颞叶的脑白质FA值的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:早期PD患者即可见脑白质纤维结构的改变,大脑白质损害程度与PD患者运动症状有密切联系,PD患者脑白质损害的部位可能存在一定的顺序.     

静息态fMRI在无痴呆型血管性认知障碍基线脑活动变化中的初步研究

目的 利用基于低频振幅算法(ALFF)的静息功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术探讨无痴呆型血管性认知障碍(VCIND)与正常老年人静息状态下默认网络的改变情况.方法 将22例VCIND患者作为研究对象,23名正常老年人作为对照组,采用ALFF分析方法,比较两组平均脑ALFF图的差异.结果 VCIND患者在静息状态下较对照组在以下脑区ALFF值增高:左额下回/左颞上回(Maximum Z=-4.0682)、右额下回/右颞上回(Maximum Z=-3.9720)、左侧岛叶(Maximum Z=-3.5773);VCIND组患者在以下脑区出现ALFF值减低:舌回/小脑后叶(Maximum Z =3.8921)、前扣带皮层(Maximum Z=3.8081)、右楔叶/右舌回(Maximum Z=4.8272)、后扣带回/楔前叶(Maximum Z=3.9741)(P＜0.05).结论 VCIND患者在静息状态下ALFF有显著改变,主要表现为语言中枢等认知区域的局部ALFF增强及默认网络等功能连接点的ALFF减低.     

常规MRI阴性颞叶癫痫默认模式网络的fMRI研究

目的 利用静息态fMRI独立成分分析方法，探讨MRI阴性颞叶癫痫(TLE)患者默认模式网络(DMN)功能连接的改变，以提高其发病机制、病理生理的认识。方法 选取左侧MRI阴性TLE患者16例(阴性TLE组)、左侧内侧颞叶癫痫(MTLE)伴海马硬化(HS)患者26例(MTLE+HS组)、健康对照者24例(HC组)。对所有被试者采集一般资料及认知功能评估。对DMN脑区分析，并提取差异脑区功能连接值。并对三组一般临床资料、认知功能评估及功能连接值进行比较。结果 三组年龄、性别、教育年限及病程差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),三组蒙特利尔认知量表(MoCA)得分差异有统计学意义，MRI阴性TLE组和MTLE+HS组MoCA量表得分均低于HC组，MRI阴性TLE组与MTLE+HS组的MoCA量表得分差异无统计学意义。与HC组比较，MRI阴性TLE组和MTLE+HS组均在双侧楔前叶/后扣带回区域的功能连接减低；MRI阴性TLE组较MTLE+HS组在双侧楔前叶/后扣带回的功能连接减低体素减少。在左侧内侧前额叶和前扣带回的连接性减低，MRI阴性TLE组和MTLE+HS组较HC组在内侧前额叶功能连...     

下腰腿痛患者大脑存在触觉空间辨识力相关的脑功能网络小世界属性改变的MRI研究

目的 使用图论方法探讨下腰腿痛(LBLP)患者大脑功能网络的拓扑特性及其与临床功能评分的相关性。方法 使用Siemens 3.0 T MR扫描仪采集29例LBLP患者和39名健康对照者的静息状态MRI数据,采用脑功能数据成像处理及分析助手(DPARSFA)4.5和SPM12工具箱对MRI数据进行预处理,采用Gretna软件构建大脑功能网络并度量和分析小世界指标。对组间小世界属性进行两样本t检验,并对LBLP患者有差异的脑功能网络小世界指标与临床评估参数进行偏相关分析。结果 在典型频段(0.01～0.1 Hz),与健康对照组相比,LBLP患者归一化集群系数和小世界参数显著降低;节点效率(Ne)降低位于双侧楔前叶,左侧杏仁核和海马、右侧枕上回和枕下回的Ne增加。在亚频段下,LBLP患者全局效率、局部效率、集群系数等整体水平指标均下降;双侧中央前回、右侧海马旁回、双侧额下回、左侧苍白球等区域节点效率增加,而右侧额中回和额上回、右侧壳核等区域节点效率降低(P<0.05,Bonfferrni校正)。偏相关分析显示LBLP患者典型频段内归一化集群系数与左脚两点触觉评分呈负相关(r=-0.51...     

皮质下动脉硬化性脑病的扩散张量成像分析

目的 探讨扩散张量成像(DTI)技术在皮质下动脉硬化性脑病(SAE/BD)中的应用价值.方法 对经临床诊断的40例BD患者和40例健康老年人行常规MRI及DTI检查,测量BD组常规MRI表现阳性病灶区、BD组表现正常脑白质区及对照组正常脑白质3组平均弥散系数(DCavg)值、各向异性分数(FA)值,进行统计学分析,并研究二者之间的相关性.结果 BD病灶区FA值降低、DCavg值增高,与对照组脑白质差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);BD正常脑白质区FA值与正常对照组相比有所降低、DCavg值有所增高,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),3组的DCavg值与FA值均具有相关性.结论 DTI检查BD,其DCavg、FA值显示出特征性的改变,即DCavg值增高,FA值降低,并能够发现常规MRI检查正常的脑白质微结构改变.     

早期帕金森病伴抑郁患者脑网络可控性的初步研究

【摘要】目的：探讨早期帕金森病伴抑郁（DPD）患者脑功能网络的可控性改变。方法：自PPMI数据库中筛选出早期未用药的19例DPD和34例帕金森病不伴抑郁（NDPD）患者,并将性别、年龄及受教育年限相匹配的18 例健康志愿者（HC组）纳入本研究。基于MR 3D-T1WI和扩散张量成像（DTI）构建每例受试者的基于各向异性分数（FA）加权矩阵的脑结构网络,参照脑网络控制理论计算局部脑区的平均可控性和模式可控性,并采用单因素方差分析及事后分析进行组间比较。采用Spearman相关性分析对存在组间差异脑区的平均可控性和模式可控性与15项老年抑郁自评量表（GDS-15）评分进行相关性分析。结果：DPD组的左侧中央前回（F=5.054,P=0.014）、左侧岛盖部额下回（F=3.230,P=0.047）、左侧楔叶（F=3.378,P=0.041）及左侧枕上回（F=6.053,P=0.043）的脑网络平均可控性均较NDPD组降低,且均与GDS-15评分无显著相关性（左侧中央前回：r=0.119,P=0.628;左侧岛盖部额下回：r=0.071,P=0.773;左侧楔叶:r=－0.408,P=0.083;左侧枕上回：r=－0.380,P=0.109）。DPD组右侧颞中回的脑网络模式可控性较HC组降低（F=3.434,P=0.035）,且与GDS-15评分无显著相关性（r=－0.354,P=0.138）。结论：DPD患者脑网络可控性存在异常,可能与DPD患者的神经损伤机制有关。     

基于TBSS磁共振扩散张量成像评估产后抑郁症患者脑白质改变

目的探究产后抑郁症患者全脑白质微观结构的改变。方法对14例产后抑郁症患者及20例健康产后志愿者行头颅扩散张量成像扫描。采用基于纤维束示踪的空间统计分析(tract based spatial statistics, TBSS)方法比较产后抑郁症患者和健康对照组的脑白质和纤维连接的各向异性分数(fractional anisotropy, FA值)。通过无阈值簇群增强校正(threshold-free cluster enhancement, TFCE)方法对统计结果进行多重校正比较。提取患者组有差异脑区的FA值与爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评分进行相关性分析。结果与对照组相比,产后抑郁症患者组在下丘脑、左侧海马旁回、右侧小脑半球FA值明显增加,右侧额上回、左侧额下回、左侧楔前叶及左侧枕下回FA值明显减低(P0.05,TFCE校正);并发现左侧海马旁回FA值与EPDS评分存在显著相关性(r=-0.778,P=0.005)。结论产后抑郁症患者可能存在广泛的脑白质微结构和纤维连接的改变或损害。     

视觉刺激下心算减法与乘法相关皮层的fMRI研究

目的研究正常成年人在执行减法与乘法任务时的脑功能状态及激活模式。方法对13例右利手正常青年志愿者分别给予组块设计的减法和乘法2种实验任务,同时运用1.5T的Marconi磁共振成像系统采集其脑部的血氧水平依赖性功能成像(BOLD-fMRI)数据。运用SPM99软件包进行t检验统计学处理,以获取执行不同任务与静息状态对比的脑功能图像。结果减法任务中,明显激活左侧额中回(MFG)、额下回(IFG)、顶上小叶(SPL)、顶下小叶(IPL)、角回(AG)、颞上回(STG),右侧MFG、SPL、IPL以及两侧视觉联合皮质、两侧小脑半球。乘法任务中,明显激活左侧额上回(SFG)、MFG、IFG、SPL、AG,右侧SPL,以及中央前回(PCG)、两侧视觉联合皮质。结论(1)额前区、顶叶、颞枕交界区参与计算并对应工作记忆、数量操作、视空间注意等作用机制;(2)小脑参与个体的数字计算的认知活动。     

Disrupted Global and Regional Structural Networks and Subnetworks in Children with Localization-Related Epilepsy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Structural connectivity has been thought to be a less sensitive measure of network changes relative to functional connectivity in children with localization-related epilepsy. The aims of this study were to investigate the structural networks in children with localization-related epilepsy and to assess the relation among structural connectivity, intelligence quotient, and clinical parameters.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Forty-five children with nonlesional localization-related epilepsy and 28 healthy controls underwent DTI. Global network (network strength, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, global efficiency, and small-world parameters), regional network (nodal efficiency), and the network-based statistic were compared between patients and controls and correlated with intelligence quotient and clinical parameters.RESULTS:Patients showed disrupted global network connectivity relative to controls, including reduced network strength, increased characteristic path length and reduced global efficiency, and reduced nodal efficiency in the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes. Connectivity in multiple subnetworks was reduced in patients, including the frontal-temporal, insula-temporal, temporal-temporal, frontal-occipital, and temporal-occipital lobes. The frontal lobe epilepsy subgroup demonstrated more areas with reduced nodal efficiency and more impaired subnetworks than the temporal lobe epilepsy subgroup. Network parameters were not significantly associated with intelligence quotient, age at seizure onset, or duration of epilepsy.CONCLUSIONS:We found disruption in global and regional networks and subnetworks in children with localization-related epilepsy. Regional efficiency and subnetworks were more impaired in frontal lobe epilepsy than in temporal lobe epilepsy. Future studies are needed to evaluate the implications of disrupted networks for surgical resection and outcomes for specific epileptogenic zones and the relation of disrupted networks to more complex cognitive function.

Epilepsy has been considered a disorder of neural networks, in which activity in one part of the network is influenced by activity elsewhere in the network.¹ The epileptogenic network could be responsible for the development and spread of seizures or could develop secondary to reorganization of the normal neural networks from recurrent seizures. Children with localization-related epilepsy, including those with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), have demonstrated abnormal resting-state functional connectivity in the default mode network and in other resting-state networks, such as attention, frontal, visual, auditory, and somatosensory networks.^2,3 Graph theoretical measures of functional connectivity have also been shown to be abnormal in children with FLE, particularly in those who were cognitively impaired, with increased path length, an increased weighted cluster coefficient, and higher modularity, implying that the networks are less integrated and more segregated.⁴Less is known about structural connectivity in children with localization-related epilepsy other than FLE. DTI measures of WM microstructural organization such as fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity have been shown to be impaired in children with localization-related epilepsy, also known as partial or focal epilepsy, including FLE and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).^5–9 These changes were identified not only in the WM ipsilateral to seizure focus but also contralateral to the seizure focus. Given that there was bilateral structural abnormality in children with localization-related epilepsy, we postulated that there would be extensive impairment in structural connectivity despite the apparent focality of the seizure disorders. A recent study in children with FLE¹⁰ found that structural path length and clustering coefficient assessed by using DTI were normal but the functional connectivity measures assessed by using resting-state fMRI were abnormal; these findings suggest that structural connectivity may be less sensitive than functional connectivity assessment of the networks. It is not known whether the previously reported lack of changes in structural connectivity is specific to FLE and whether there are differences in structural connectivity across different types of localization-related epilepsy, because FLE involves different epileptogenic networks compared with TLE.The aims of this study were to investigate the structural whole-brain networks by using graph theoretical measures in children with localization-related epilepsy relative to healthy controls and to assess whether there was a relation between graph measures of structural connectivity, intelligence quotient (IQ), and clinical parameters. The secondary aims of this study were to determine whether there were structural network differences between subgroups with FLE and TLE and the relations of graph measures of structural connectivity with IQ and clinical parameters.     

老年人认知功能与白质异常相关性的MR扩散张量成像研究

目的:本研究利用MR扩散张量成像部分各向异性(FA)值,研究老年人的不同水平认知功能和脑白质异常的相关性,并探讨脑内微静脉改变的意义.方法:正常认知功能(CN)组13例,轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)组12例,痴呆组10例.采用简易智能状态量表(MMSE)、临床痴呆量表(CDR)、总体衰退量表(GDS)和日常生活活动能力量...     

Simultaneous PET/MR imaging in a human brain PET/MR system in 50 patients-Current state of image quality

Objectives

The present work illustrates the current state of image quality and diagnostic accuracy in a new hybrid BrainPET/MR.

Materials and methods

50 patients with intracranial masses, head and upper neck tumors or neurodegenerative diseases were examined with a hybrid BrainPET/MR consisting of a conventional 3T MR system and an MR-compatible PET insert. Directly before PET/MR, all patients underwent a PET/CT examination with either [¹⁸F]-FDG, [¹¹C]-methionine or [⁶⁸Ga]-DOTATOC. In addition to anatomical MR scans, functional sequences were performed including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), arterial spin labeling (ASL) and proton-spectroscopy. Image quality score of MR imaging was evaluated using a 4-point-scale. PET data quality was assessed by evaluating FDG-uptake and tumor delineation with [¹¹C]-methionine and [⁶⁸Ga]-DOTATOC. FDG uptake quantification accuracy was evaluated by means of ROI analysis (right and left frontal and temporo-occipital lobes). The asymmetry indices and ratios between frontal and occipital ROIs were compared.

Results

In 45/50 patients, PET/MR examination was successful. Visual analysis revealed a diagnostic image quality of anatomical MR imaging (mean quality score T2 FSE: 1.27 ± 0.54; FLAIR: 1.38 ± 0.61). ASL and proton-spectroscopy was possible in all cases. In DTI, dental artifacts lead to one non-diagnostic dataset (mean quality score DTI: 1.32 ± 0.69; ASL: 1.10 ± 0.31). PET datasets of PET/MR and PET/CT offered comparable tumor delineation with [¹¹C]-methionine; additional lesions were found in 2/8 [⁶⁸Ga]-DOTATOC-PET in the PET/MR. Mean asymmetry index revealed a high accordance between PET/MR and PET/CT (1.5 ± 2.2% vs. 0.9 ± 3.6%; mean ratio (frontal/parieto-occipital) 0.93 ± 0.08 vs. 0.96 ± 0.05), respectively.

Conclusions

The hybrid BrainPET/MR allows for molecular, anatomical and functional imaging with uncompromised MR image quality and a high accordance of PET results between PET/MR and PET/CT. These results justify the application of this technique in further clinical studies and may contribute to the transfer into whole-body PET/MR systems.     

Field measurements of oxygen uptake in elite orienteers during cross-country running using telemetry

Oxygen uptake (V_o2) was measured and economy calculated during running on a treadmill and during cross-country running in 14 male and 9 female orienteers using a telemetric system (K-2, Cosmed, Italy). The cross-country route comprised 3 parts: horizontal path running, horizontal running in light terrain and running in heavy terrain with obstacles and steep hills. Each subject accomplished the whole test route at a speed corresponding to 96±5% of maximal speed and at maximal speed. The running time at maximal speed was 19±3 min. The running economy was similar in treadmill and path running (211 ± 10 vs 210± 14 ml · kg⁻¹· km⁻¹), but V_o2 per km increased in light and heavy terrain to 290 ± 16 and 362±18 ml · kg⁻¹· km⁻¹, respectively. There was no difference in running economy between men and women. The elite group (5 men and 3 women) demonstrated 5% better running economy than the sub-elite (9 men and 6 women) during running in light and heavy terrain, whereas no difference was seen during treadmill and path running. In conclusion, elite orienteers have better running economy in light and heavy terrain than sub-elite orienteers.     

Tractography-based quantitation of diffusion tensor imaging parameters in white matter tracts of preterm newborns

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of performing diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) to map and quantify the pyramidal white matter tracts of premature newborns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) examinations of nine premature newborns were evaluated. DTT was performed to segment bilateral pyramidal tracts, using a fiber-tracking algorithm originating in the cerebral peduncle (CP) and filtering through the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) and precentral gyrus (PCG). Voxels containing the resulting tracts were then used for quantitation of DTI parameters along the tract. The DTT-based tract measurements were compared with standard manually placed region-of-interest (ROI) measurements at four locations along the pyramidal tract, and the reproducibility of each technique was evaluated. RESULTS: DTT demonstrated improved reproducibility over manual ROI measurement for pyramidal tract quantitation and was less subject to intra-operator variability (P < 0.0001, Fisher test for equal variance). In general, the anatomic locations and measurements obtained with the two techniques were in good agreement, although some systematic differences were identified in the PLIC and CP. CONCLUSION: Fiber DTT is feasible in premature newborns, provides more reproducible tract measurements than manual ROI methods, and allows quantitation along the entire tract for more detailed DTI assessment of white matter maturation.     

飞行人员代谢综合征与动脉粥样硬化危险因素研究

目的 调查飞行人员代谢综合征(MS)患病率,探讨其发病机制并提出防治策略要点.方法 606例飞行人员为调查对象做断面研究,测量体质指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、胸围、腰围和臀围.空腹采集静脉血测定甘油三酯(TG)、总胆同醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)、血尿酸(PUA)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、γ-转肽酶(GGT)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT).MS诊断标准:BMI≥25或腰围≥85 cm为肥胖;SBP≥130 mm Hg或(和)DBP≥85 mm Hg为高血压;FBG≥6.10 mmol/L为空腹血糖受损(IFG);TG≥1.70 mmol/L为高TG血症;HDL-C<0.91 mmol/L为低HDL-C血症.上述5项中有任意3项或3项以上者诊断为MS.结果 飞行人员MS检出率为3.80%.MS有3个组分者20例(86.96%);有4个组分者3例(13.04%),以3个组分异常多见.MS组分中:肥胖23例(100%);高TG血症22例(95.65%);低HDL-C血症11例(47.83%);高DBP 9例(31.13%),高SBP 5例(21.74%);IFG 6例(26.09%).MS与非MS两组间比较:BMI、腰围、SBP、DBP、FBG、HDL-C和TG均值水平差异有显著性意义(P<0.01);TC水平、胸围、臀围、吸烟年限及每口吸烟景,均值差异有显著性意义(P<0.01);总飞行时间和年龄,牛化参数GGT、ALP、PUA、ALT均值水平差异有显著性意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).多元逐步回归分析显示烟龄、ALT、PUA 3个变量进入回归方程(P<0.01或P<0.05),烟龄、ALT、PUA水平与MS独立相关. 结论 我军飞行人员MS检出率较低.肥胖和高TG血症是我军飞行人员MS的主要特点.提高对MS的知晓率、控制体重、合理膳食是首要防治策略.     

基于18F-APN-1607 PET显像的阿尔茨海默病tau蛋白脑网络及偏侧性研究

目的基于¹⁸F-APN-1607 PET脑显像结合图论方法,揭示阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者脑内tau蛋白网络拓扑结构异常,并探讨AD患者tau蛋白沉积在左右脑组织的偏侧性。方法该横断面研究纳入2018年11月至2020年1月于复旦大学附属华山医院进行¹⁸F-APN-1607 PET显像、临床确诊的23例AD患者[男9例,女14例;年龄(61.3±10.7)岁]和13名正常对照者(NC)[男9名,女4名;年龄(61.6±4.5)岁]。使用基于图论的脑网络分析方法构建NC组和AD组的tau蛋白脑网络,计算网络属性(集聚系数、最短路径长度、局部效率及小世界系数等),并获得AD组不对称系数(AI)评估tau蛋白沉积的偏侧性。使用1000次置换检验对组间脑网络参数差异进行分析。结果NC组和AD组的脑连接存在较大差异,AD组在嗅皮质和颞叶等区域存在连接减弱,而在后扣带回、楔前叶及顶枕叶等脑区连接增强;AD组的tau蛋白脑网络存在明显的拓扑结构异常,相比于NC组,在稀疏度阈值20%~50%内,AD组的集聚系数(t值:2.28~2.69)、局部效率(t值:2.34~3.06)和小世界系数(t值:2.26~3.32)等均显著下降(均P<0.05),最短路径长度显著增加(t值:2.13~2.85,均P<0.05);AD组的tau蛋白沉积在后扣带回、上顶叶、中央旁小叶、颞上回和颞中回脑区存在显著的偏侧性,AI分别为10.5%(8.1%,13.9%)、14.1%(7.6%,20.3%)、-12.4%(-15.7%,-7.8%)、-10.8%(-15.3%,-2.1%)和-12.1%(-17.9%,-6.6%)。结论基于¹⁸F-APN-1607 PET影像建立的tau蛋白网络模型或可用于分析AD患者异常的拓扑结构变化,且AD患者脑内tau蛋白沉积在后扣带回、上顶叶、中央旁小叶、颞上回和颞中回脑区具有明显的偏侧性。     

Mechanical efficiency in athletes during running

The purpose of this study was to compare the external mechanical efficiency (ME) between power-trained athletes ( n = 5) and endurance-trained athletes ( n = 5). The relationships between biomechanical variables and metabolic cost were also investigated. The subjects ran at 3 different speeds (2.50 m · s⁻¹, 3.25 m · s⁻¹ and 4.00 m · s⁻¹) both on the treadmill and on the track. The external work of the subjects was determined by a kinematic arm, and energy expenditure was determined by measuring oxygen consumption and respiratory exchange ratio. Biomechanical parameters included ground reaction forces, angular displacements of the knee and ankle joints and electromyography (EMG) of the selected muscles. The mean ME (±SD) values during running on treadmill were as follows: 49.6±8.9%, 60.1±9.6% and 61.2±10.4% for the endurance group, and 47.1±3.7%, 52.0±4.3% and 57.4±5.5% for the power group. In running on the track the respective values were 57.5±11.9%, 51.5±6.1% and 62.2±9.2% for the endurance group, and 47.0±8.3%, 45.3±10.2% and 60.0±5.9% for the power group. The subject groups did not differ significantly in ME due to high interindividual variance among both subject groups. The metabolic responses such as heart rate, pulmonary ventilation and oxygen uptake differed clearly between the athletic groups but this was not the case for the most of the biomechanical variables (such as EMG, step length and vertical displacement of the centre of the gravity). In conclusion, physiological and biomechanical variables appear to affect ME in a very complex way. In other words, efficiency is related individually to the sum of many variables.     

立体定向放射治疗配合靶向药物索拉非尼治疗复发

 目的 探讨γ-体部立体定向放射治疗（stereotactic body radiation therapy with γ-knife,γ-SBRT)配合靶向药物索拉非尼 (sorafenib)治疗复发及转移性肾癌的效果。 方法 2007-05至2009-05收治的肾癌术后复发及转移患者45例中 ,26例单纯行γ-SBRT,19例行γ-SBRT配合Sorafenib治疗,比较两组的有效率、局部控制率、生存率及生存质量改善情况。 结果 治疗后3个月总有效率为80.0%(36/45)。单纯γ-SBRT组的1年、2年局部控制率分别为42.3%(11/26)、 19.2% (5/26);中位生存12个月;1年、2年生存率分别为46.2％、19.2％。γ-SBRT+Sorafenib组的1年、2年局部控制率分 别为47.3%(18/19)、21.1%(4/19),中位生存18个月;1年、2年生存率分别为57.9％、26.3％。 结论 采用γ- 体部立体定向放疗结合靶向药物索拉非尼对复发及转移性肾癌进行治疗效果较好,不良反应轻微,多数患者能耐受治疗。