GC测定褪黑素类似物中有机溶剂残留量

目的 建立毛细管气相色谱法测定褪黑素类似物AGO中乙醇、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲苯5种有机溶剂的残留量。方法 采用DB-Wax(30 m×0.45 mm,0.85 μm)毛细管色谱柱;氢火焰离子化检测器(FID);程序升温：初始温度45 ℃(维持9 min),以30 ℃.min-1速率升温至200 ℃(维持9 min);载气为氮气,柱流速为3.5 mL.min-1;进样口温度：200 ℃;检测器温度：250 ℃;分流直接进样,二甲基亚砜为溶剂,乙腈为内标物,内标法测定残留溶剂的含量。结果 各组分分离完全,在所考察的浓度范围内线性关系良好,其中乙醇、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲苯的线性范围分别为107.44 μg.mL-1~1074.4 μg.mL-1(r=0.9999),108.24 μg.mL-1~1082.4 μg.mL-1(r=0.9997),18.550 μg.mL-1~185.50 μg.mL-1(r=0.9998),14.208 μg.mL-1~142.08 μg.mL-1(r=0.9994),19.074 μg.mL-1~190.74 μg.mL-1(r=0.9999),平均回收率为98%~102%。结论 该方法操作简单,精密度好,准确可靠,可用于该药物有机溶剂残留量的测定。     

GC同时测定麝香通心滴丸中龙脑、异龙脑和麝香酮的含量

摘要：目的 建立同时测定麝香通心滴丸中龙脑、异龙脑及麝香酮含量的气相色谱法。方法 色谱柱：HP-5MS毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25 μm),检测器为FID检测器,检测器温度为250 ℃,进样口温度220 ℃。柱温以100 ℃为初始温度,保持2分钟,以2 ℃?min-1升温至110 ℃,保持3分钟,以50 ℃?min-1升温至205 ℃,保持7分钟,以20 ℃?min-1升温至250 ℃,保持2分钟;载气为氮气,流速为1 mL?min-1;进样方式为分流进样,分流比为10：1;进样量为1 μL,以萘为内标。结果 龙脑、异龙脑、麝香酮的浓度分别在0.05468~0.4374 mg?mL-1(r=0.9999),0.07067~0.5654 mg?mL-1(r=0.9999),0.004512~0.03610 mg?mL-1(r=0.9997)的范围内线性良好;平均回收率分别为97.91 %(RSD=2.05 %),100.79 %(RSD= 2.78 %),105.36 %(RSD=3.78 %)。结论 该方法有效可靠,可用于麝香通心滴丸中龙脑、异龙脑和麝香酮的含量测定。     

GC法测定醋氯芬酸含量

目的建立气相色谱法测定醋氯芬酸原料的含量的方法。方法气相色谱内标法。色谱柱为DB-1弹性毛细管柱(30 m×0.53 mm,1.5μm),FID检测器;汽化室温度为260℃,检测器温度300℃;柱温采用程序升温,载气为氮气,流速为5.0 mL.min-1,尾吹30 mL.min-1,分流比10∶1.以咖啡因为内标物。结果醋氯芬酸在10～110μg.mL-1(r=0.9998)范围内呈良好线性关系,平均回收率为100.1%。结论本方法简便,快速,准确,可靠,可用于醋氯芬酸的含量测定。     

气相色谱法测定新型抗癌化合物二-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰异羟肟酸)二苯基合锡中有机溶剂残留量

目的:建立测定抗癌原料药二-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰异羟肟酸)二苯基合锡(DPDFT)中的有机溶剂残留量的方法。方法:采用毛细管气相色谱法,FID检测器,Agilent HP-5(30 m×0.32 mm×0.25μm)毛细管柱,柱温30℃,进样口温度为200℃,检测器温度为220℃,流速为31.90 mL.min-1,分流比为20∶1,以1,2-二氯乙烷为内标,甲苯为溶剂,测定有机溶剂残留量。结果:甲醇、正己烷、醋酸乙酯在考察的浓度范围内线性关系良好,线性范围分别为150～450μg.mL-1(r=0.999 7),14.5～43.5μg.mL-1(r=0.999 9),250～750μg.mL-1(r=0.999 9),平均加样回收率分别为99.6%(RSD=1.0%),100.0%(RSD=1.5%),99.0%(RSD=1.0%)。结论:该方法快速、简便、结果准确,可用于二-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰异羟肟酸)二苯基合锡中的有机溶剂残留量的测定。     

气相色谱法测定荧光素钠原料药中的残留溶剂

目的建立气相色谱法测定荧光素钠原料药中残留溶剂。方法选用毛细管柱DB-WAX(30.0m×0.25mm×0.25μm),氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),色谱条件:初温60℃(保持10min),以100℃·min-1升至200℃(保持1min),进样口温度:230℃,检测器温度:250℃。选择正丙醇作为内标,进样量1μL。结果二氯甲烷在(62.97~176.31)μg·mL-1浓度范围内与峰面积/内标峰面积比值呈良好的线性关系,检测限为25.19μg·mL-1,溶剂和内标对测定无干扰,3批样品均未检出二氯甲烷。结论经方法学验证,本方法简便灵敏,准确,可用于荧光素钠原料药中残留溶剂的检测。     

GC测定抗癌原料药二氯二茂钛中有机溶剂残留量

目的 建立毛细管气相色谱法测定有机金属抗癌原料药二氟二茂钛中的有机溶剂残留量.方法采用HP-5(5%苯基甲基聚硅氧烷)毛细管色谱柱,FID检测器.载气为N2,柱温为45℃,检测器温度为160℃,流速为1.2 mL·min-1,分流比为201,正已烷为内标进行测定.结果三氯甲烷和四氢呋喃的线性范围分别为0.399～319.2μg·mL-1和6～48μg·mL-1,平均回收率为96.7%和102.3%(n=9);RSD分别为1.6%和1.1%(n=9);最低检测限分别为0.23μg·mL-1和0.9μg·mL-1.结论 方法操作简便、准确、灵敏度高、重复性好,适用于二氯二茂钛原料药中有机溶剂残留量的测定.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定达沙替尼原料药中6种残留溶剂

目的：建立毛细管气相色谱测定达沙替尼原料药中吡啶、二氯甲烷、甲醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、乙醇6种有机溶剂残留量的方法。方法采用DB-624(30 m×0.53 mm,3μm)毛细管柱;氢火焰离子化检测器;程序升温：初始温度25℃(维持13 min),再以15℃·min-1升至150℃(维持5 min),再以40℃·min-1升至220℃(维持5 min);载气为氮气;柱流速为2.0 mL·min-1;进样口温度：230℃;检测器温度：250℃;分流直接进样,以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,进样体积为0.5μL。结果6组分均能良好分离,6组分峰面积与浓度均呈良好的线性关系,其中吡啶、二氯甲烷、甲醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、乙醇的线性范围分别为4.16~31.21μg·mL-1(r=0.9998),12.12~90.92μg·mL-1(r=0.9994),59.98~449.85μg·mL-1(r=0.9998),18.16~136.19μg·mL-1(r=0.9993),100.25~751.86μg·mL-1(r=0.9991),100.30~752.28μg·mL-1(r=0.9999),平均回收率为98.4％~101.3％(RSD=2.8％~5.0％)。结论该方法简单、灵敏、准确,可用于测定达沙替尼原料药中的残留溶剂。     

GC法测定利鲁唑含量

目的建立GC法测定利鲁唑原料的含量的方法。方法采用气相色谱内标法。色谱柱为DB-1弹性毛细管柱,FID检测器;汽化室温度为260℃,检测器温度为260℃;柱温为230℃,载气为高纯氮气,流速为5.0mL·min-1,尾吹30mL·min-1,分流比5∶1,以咖啡因为内标物。结果利鲁唑在10～110μg.mL-1（r=0.9998）范围内呈良好线性关系,平均回收率为100.1%（RSD=0.36%）。结论本方法简便,快速,准确,可靠,可用于利鲁唑的含量测定。     

气相色谱法测定止痒消炎水中薄荷脑、冰片和麝香草酚的含量

目的建立同时测定止痒消炎水中薄荷脑、冰片和麝香草酚含量的气相色谱测定方法。方法采用气相色谱内标法,FID检测器,HP-INNDW AX石英毛细管柱(30m×250μm,0.25μm),应用程序升温(140℃保持4.1min以后20℃.min-1升至240℃),进样口温度200℃,检测器温度250℃;分流进样,分流比10:1。结果薄荷脑在0.32～3.2mg.mL-1,冰片在0.56～5.6mg.mL-1,麝香草酚在0.16～1.6mg.mL-1内呈良好的线性关系,加样回收率,薄荷脑为99.8%,(RSD=1.3%);冰片为99.2%(RSD=1.5%);麝香草酚为99.8%(RSD=0.9%)。结论该方法简单可靠,适合于止痒消炎水中薄荷脑、冰片和麝香草酚的含量测定。     

气相色谱法测定脑通喷鼻微乳中麝香酮的含量

目的建立气相色谱法测定脑通喷鼻微乳中麝香酮的含量。方法采用Agilent DB-WAX毛细管色谱柱（30.0 m×0.449 mm×0.85μm）,FID检测器,程序升温：140℃维持8 min,再以30℃min-1升温至200℃维持10 min,进样口温度：250℃,检测器温度：280℃,外标法测定。结果麝香酮在浓度12～96μg·mL-1线性关系良好（r=0.999 8）,回收率为99.4%,RSD为1.8%（n=9）。结论该法简单、准确、重现性好,可用于脑通喷鼻微乳的质量控制。     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Emerging drugs for epilepsy

Epilepsy affects ≤ 1% of the world's population. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of treatment, although more than a third of patients are not rendered seizure free with existing medications. Uncontrolled epilepsy is associated with increased mortality and physical injuries, and a range of psychosocial morbidities, posing a substantial economic burden on individuals and society. Limitations of the present AEDs include suboptimal efficacy and their association with a host of adverse reactions. Continued efforts are being made in drug development to overcome these shortcomings employing a range of strategies, including modification of the structure of existing drugs, targeting novel molecular substrates and non-mechanism-based drug screening of compounds in traditional and newer animal models. This article reviews the need for new treatments and discusses some of the emerging compounds that have entered clinical development. The ultimate goal is to develop novel agents that can prevent the occurrence of seizures and the progression of epilepsy in at risk individuals.     

盐酸达泊西汀中甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯及甲磺酸异丙酯的顶空毛细管GC-ECD法测定

建立了衍生化顶空毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(ECD)法测定盐酸达泊西汀中的甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)、甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)和甲磺酸异丙酯(IMS).应用碘化钠衍生技术,使用PW-5毛细管柱,载气为氮气,ECD检测,程序升温.MMS、EMS和IMS分别在0.03～0.30、0.05～0.50和0.05～0.50 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为63.5％、100.3％和96.2％,最低检测限分别为0.30、0.50和0.50 ng/ml.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.