Angiojet血栓清除导管在急性动脉栓塞治疗中的应用体会

目的 探讨Angiojet血栓清除导管用于急性动脉栓塞治疗中的诊疗体会。方法 回顾性分析合肥市第二人民医院介入血管外科2015年1月至2017年5月收治的应用Angiojet血栓清除导管治疗的27例急性动脉栓塞患者的临床资料,其中下肢动脉栓塞19例,上肢动脉栓塞2例,肠系膜动脉栓塞3例,肾动脉栓塞3例,所有患者均通过数字减影血管造影术（DSA）明确诊断,并使用Angiojet血栓清除导管清除血栓后再联合溶栓导管溶栓等治疗。通过观察患者术后相应部位缺血症状缓解情况、尿激酶总量、并发症发生率来评价其疗效。结果 24例（88.9%,24/27）患者均顺利开通栓塞段血管,相应缺血症状消失,恢复良好,平均溶栓时间1.5 d,尿激酶平均用量（42.0±4.3）万U,未出现严重并发症。结论 Angiojet血栓清除导管能够较彻底地清除血栓,恢复血供,对急性动脉栓塞的治疗效果良好。     

前交通动脉破裂动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗

目的 总结前交通动脉破裂动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗经验。方法 回顾分析安徽医科大学第二附属医院采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞治疗的前交通动脉破裂动脉瘤患者临床资料。结果 39例前交通动脉破裂动脉瘤患者依据Hunt-Hess分级, 其中Ⅱ级30例, Ⅲ级5例, Ⅳ级4例。39例动脉瘤均成功栓塞, 37例治愈, 术后随访均无复发或者再出血。术后3例患者发生严重脑血管痉挛, 经治疗后明显好转。结论 血管内介入治疗是前交通动脉破裂动脉瘤的有效治疗方法。术后早期引流血性脑脊液、积极药物治疗可以减少术后并发症。     

子宫动脉灌注化疗联合栓塞术在瘢痕妊娠治疗中的疗效

目的 探讨经子宫动脉灌注甲氨蝶呤联合栓塞治疗剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠的临床疗效。方法 选取2009年9月至2015年3月收治的33例瘢痕妊娠患者,随机分成两组,观察组18例,对照组15例,观察组经子宫动脉灌注50 mg甲氨蝶呤稀释液,灌注完毕用明胶海绵栓塞子宫动脉。对照组仅栓塞子宫动脉,术中未行甲氨蝶呤灌注,而采用入院后直接给予甲氨蝶呤50 mg/m²肌肉注射。结果 两组患者介入栓塞治疗成功率为100%,所有患者术后1、2周β-HCG水平均有明显降低。β-HCG水平下降程度、清宫过程中出血量观察组明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者的住院时间亦短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 经子宫动脉灌注化疗联合栓塞术治疗剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠具有创伤小、恢复快等优点,术后可有效降低清宫时出血量,缩短患者住院时间。     

血管内介入治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘7例分析

目的 探讨分析血管内介入治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的方法与疗效。方法 回顾性分析安徽医科大学第一附属医院神经外科2012年1月至2016年5月收治的7例硬脑膜动静脉瘘（DAVF）患者临床资料,其中经动脉途径栓塞6例,经静脉途径栓塞1例,均应用Onyx胶予以栓塞。结果 7例患者术后即刻造影显示栓塞完全,无死亡病例,无新发神经功能缺失症状,1例海绵窦DAVF患者术后第3天球结膜充血症状完全缓解,所有患者随访3~24个月未出现新发神经功能缺失症状。结论 根据影像学特点,针对不同类型的DAVF选用不同的栓塞途径,血管内栓塞DAVF是微创、安全、有效的治疗方法,可作为DAVF的首选治疗方法。     

1例剖宫产瘢痕妊娠合并子宫卒中患者保守治疗用药分析

目的 研究如何对剖宫产瘢痕妊娠（CSP）患者进行药物保守治疗。方法 1例CSP合并子宫卒中患者,在手术治疗无法开展的情况下,笔者探讨如何针对血清β-HCG>20 000 IU/L的患者制订药物保守治疗方案并预防产生毒副作用。结果 患者经2次子宫动脉栓塞+MTX50 mg子宫动脉灌注,3次MTX50 mg宫颈注射联合口服米非司酮保守治疗后,血清β-HCG转阴,无不良反应发生,保守治疗成功。结论 临床药师对CSP患者的药物保守治疗开展全程药学监护,对保障患者用药的安全、有效具有较大帮助和促进作用。     

基于Meta分析的鸦胆子油乳注射液联合化疗治疗肝癌临床评价研究

摘 要 目的：评价鸦胆子油乳注射液联合肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗肝癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法：计算机检索the Cochrane Library,PubMed、EMBASE、SinoMed、中国知网、维普期刊数据库和万方数据库,全面搜集鸦胆子油乳注射液联合肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗肝癌的随机对照试验,对纳入文献进行质量评价,提取资料并通过RevMan 5.3软件进行数据分析。结果：共纳入14 篇文献,累计1 084例受试者。Meta 分析结果显示：在肝动脉栓塞化疗基础上联用鸦胆子油乳注射液治疗肝癌可以提高临床疗效(RR=1.42, 95% CI:1.20~1.69,P＜0.000 1), 改善生存质量(RR=1.68, 95%CI:1.27~2.23, P=0.000 3)。此外,鸦胆子油乳注射液还可改善化疗引起的不良反应,但不能提高肝癌患者生存率。结论：鸦胆子油乳注射液联合肝动脉栓塞化疗在治疗肝癌方面具有较好的疗效,但本研究结论还需要进一步大样本严格的随机对照试验来证实。     

应用不同栓塞剂的肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌的效果评价

目的 评价载药微球-肝动脉化疗栓塞术（DEB-TACE）与传统肝动脉化疗栓塞术（cTACE）治疗原发性肝癌的效果。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院介入科100例接受TACE治疗患者的临床资料,根据术中应用不同的栓塞剂分为DEB-TACE组（48例）和cTACE组（52例）。比较两组术后1个月疾病缓解率和控制率,分析手术前后两组血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）、肝功能指标的变化及术后并发症情况。结果 DEB-TACE组肿瘤控制率达95.83%,明显优于cTACE组（80.77%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。DEB-TACE组患者总胆红素（TBIL）、谷草转氨酶（AST）以及谷丙转氨酶（ALT）较术前均升高,且升高幅度低于cTACE组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;DEB-TACE组患者的AFP水平较术前大幅下降,且下降幅度高于cTACE组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者发热、腹痛、呕吐等并发症比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 DEB-TACE治疗原发性肝癌可保护患者肝功能,且其近期临床疗效以及安全性明显优于cTACE,值得临床推广。     

TACE联合仑伐替尼联合MWA治疗中晚期大肝癌的疗效评价

目的 评价肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合仑伐替尼联合微波消融（MWA）治疗中晚期大肝癌的临床效疗效。方法 选取2018.01—2021.12期间中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院和北京市第二医院收治的中晚期大肝癌患者共73例。其中肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合仑伐替尼联合微波消融治疗的患者36例,为观察组;TACE联合仑伐替尼治疗的患者37例,为对照组,对比两组患者的近期疗效、无进展生存期、总生存率及并发症的发生情况。结果 观察组和对照组在4个月后的疾病有效缓解率分别为72.2%、40.5%,具有显著性差异(P < 0.05)。观察组的中位无进展生存期为18个月,对照组的中位无进展生存期为10个月,两组差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。观察组的6、12、18、24、36个月的总生存率分别为97.2%、82.7%、70.1% 、54.1%、22.3%,对照组的 6、12、18、24、36个月总生存率分别为94.6%、66.9%、35.4% 、32.2%、9.7%。观察组总生存率明显高于对照组 (P<0.05)。两组术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合仑伐替尼联合微波消融治疗中晚期大肝癌,可强化疗效并有效延长患者的生存时间。     

子宫动脉栓塞术在子宫瘢痕妊娠患者清宫术中的应用效果

目的 探讨子宫动脉栓塞术（UAE）在剖宫产瘢痕妊娠（CSP）患者清宫中的有效性与安全性。方法 回顾性分析2009年6月至2016年12月安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院收治的确诊瘢痕妊娠患者50例临床资料,将其中30例行"子宫动脉栓塞术+刮宫术"患者作为A组,20例行"药物治疗+刮宫术"患者作为B组,比较两组患者术中出血量、住院时间、术后阴道流血时间以及月经恢复正常时间。结果 A组患者术中中位出血量低于B组（10 mL vs 165 mL）,差异有统计学意义（Z=5.643,P=0.001）。A组患者术后阴道流血时间（5.87±1.57）d短于B组（7.55±1.54）d,差异有统计学意义（t=3.744,P=0.001）。不良反应监测,A组17例患者出现了下腹痛,其中4例低热的症状,予以对症治疗后2~4 d缓解。A组患者住院费用（10 369.50±436.30）元高于B组（5 407.30±365.20）元,差异有统计学意义（t=42.032,P=0.001）。结论 子宫动脉栓塞术在剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者清宫中安全有效,可缩短患者的住院时间和恢复期时间,但治疗费用较高。     

甲氨蝶呤灌注及子宫动脉栓塞联合清宫术对子宫瘢痕妊娠患者的疗效观察

摘 要 目的：探讨甲氨蝶呤灌注及子宫动脉栓塞联合清宫术对子宫瘢痕妊娠患者效果及对血清孕酮和β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素（β-HCG）水平的影响。方法: 子宫瘢痕妊娠患者78例随机分为观察组39例与对照组39例。对照组采用开腹行病灶清除术联合口服米非司酮治疗,观察组采用甲氨蝶呤灌注+子宫动脉栓塞联合清宫术治疗。比较两组患者术中出血量、血清HCG恢复正常时间、月经恢复时间、超声瘢痕处包块消失时间,治疗前和治疗7 d后血清孕酮和β-HCG水平变化,并发症发生情况。结果: 观察组术中出血量少于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组血清β-HCG恢复正常时间、月经恢复时间均明显优于对照组（P<0.05）;两组血清孕酮和β-HCG水平治疗后明显下降（P<0.05）;观察组血清孕酮和β-HCG水平治疗后低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组并发症发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论:甲氨蝶呤灌注及子宫动脉栓塞联合清宫术对子宫瘢痕妊娠患者效果明显,可明显降低患者血清孕酮和β-HCG水平,具有重要研究意义。     

脑安康胶囊对脑缺血大鼠软脑膜微循环的影响

目的探讨脑安康胶囊对脑缺血大鼠软脑膜微循环的影响。方法采用低压低灌方法复制大鼠全脑缺血模型，应用MCIP微循环图像处理系统，通过开放式颅窗观察脑安康胶囊对软脑膜微循环障碍的影响。结果脑安康胶囊能扩张软脑膜微循环微血管，加快微循环血流速度。结论脑安康胶囊具有改善软脑膜微循环、抗脑缺血作用。     

An analysis of positive inotropic effects of nitroglycerin in the canine hearts

1. Nitroglycerin caused dose-dependent increases in regional myocardial contractile force (MCF) in open-chest dogs, along with dose-dependent decreases in left ventricular end-diastolic (LVEDP) and arterial pressures and an increase in plasma catecholamines level. 2. The increase in MCF could not be completely prevented by propranolol along with a slight decrease in LVEDP and no increase in heart rate, although a nifedipine-produced increase in MCF without a significant decrease in LVEDP disappeared with propranolol despite the same decrease in arterial pressure.     

Therapeutic angiogenesis by bone marrow implantation for critical hand ischemia in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a pilot study

ABSTRACT

Objective: Implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs), including endothelial progenitor cells, into ischemic lower limbs has been shown to improve symptoms in patients with peripheral arterial diseases (PAD). This study investigated whether BM-MNC implantation (BMI) is also effective for the ischemic hands of these patients.

Methods: Seven PAD patients with hand ischemia were enrolled: six patients had thromboangiitis obliterans and one had collagen disease. All seven had symptoms involving either resting pain or non-healing ischemic ulcers of the hand. Approximately 600?mL of MNCs were separated from BM and concentrated to a final volume of 40–50?mL, which were injected into ischemic hands. Ischemic status was evaluated by measuring the digital/brachial pressure index (DBI), visual analog pain scale, and the healing of ulcers before and 6?months after BMI.

Results: The mean number of implanted MNCs, CD34-positive cells, and CD34,133-positive cells was 3.67 ± 0.53 × 10⁹, 4.94 ± 2.45 × 10⁷, and 2.52 ± 1.57 × 10⁷, respectively. Mean DBI in those patients was 0.15 ± 0.30 before BMI and significantly increased to 0.67 ± 0.19 at 6 months after BMI (?p = 0.004). All patients also showed improvement of pain scale and ischemic ulcers. There was no significant correlation between the number of implanted cells and improvement in the degree of DBI or the pain scale.

Conclusion: Autologous BMI could be a promising and safe method of therapeutic angiogenesis for critical hand ischemia in PAD patients.     

特利加压素致皮肤坏死的不良反应分析

目的 探讨特利加压素致皮肤坏死不良反应的发生规律、危险因素等,为临床合理使用该药提供参考。方法 报道1例特利加压素所致的皮肤坏死,并检索相关文献,对报道的案例进行分类统计分析。结果 特利加压素引起的皮肤坏死以男性为主（76.67%）,年龄主要分布在50岁以上（73.33%）,不良反应高发时间为用药前5 d（83.33%）,以躯干、四肢多见。低血容量、肥胖、酒精性肝病肝硬化、合并使用血管活性药物等可能为特利加压素引起皮肤缺血的高危因素。结论 临床使用中应重视特利加压素引起皮肤坏死的不良反应,应用过程要密切关注,及早发现,及早处理。     

Is there truly an increase in risk of cardiovascular and hematological adverse events with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors?

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Recent studies have shown an increase risk of cardiovascular and hematological adverse events associated with vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGF-TKIs). The authors hypothesize that the original studies may have produced exaggerated results because of the small baseline risks involved.

Methods: A meta-analysis that included 71 trials, 8 different VEGFR-TKIs, and 11 adverse events were re-analyzed. The outcome of interest was re-defined as the complementary outcome (i.e. remaining free of an adverse event). The inverse variance heterogeneity model was used to pool the effect size.

Results: VEGFR-TKIs decreased the risk of remaining free of hypertension by 7% (RR 0.93; 95%CI:0.88–0.97). Specific VEGFR-TKIs; pazopanib, regorafenib, and nintedanib were associated with a decrease risk of remaining free of an arterial thrombotic event (RR 0.96; 95%CI:0.93–0.99), thrombocytopenia (RR 0.91; 95%CI:0.89–0.93), and bleeding (RR 0.96; 95%CI:0.93–0.99) respectively. VEGFR-TKIs were not associated with the thrombotic event, myocardial infarction, stroke, venous thrombotic event, pulmonary embolism, left ventricular dysfunction, or QTc interval prolongation.

Conclusion: VEGFR-TKIs are associated with a small increase in the risk of patients developing hypertension, arterial thrombotic events, thrombocytopenia, and bleeding. Previous studies overestimated the actual risk associated with VEGFR-TKIs by analyzing the outcome with the lower baseline risk.     

Effects of nitroglycerin on the coronary microcirculation in normal and ischemic myocardium.

Nitroglycerin dilates conduit coronary vessels and only transiently increases flow, however the effects of nitroglycerin in the microcirculation of normal myocardium and during myocardial ischemia have not been assessed. The goal of this investigation was to determine the effects of steady-state levels of nitroglycerin on the microcirculation of normal and ischemic myocardium. Microvessels on the left ventricle were viewed using stroboscopic epi-illumination in anesthetized, open-chest dogs. Myocardial perfusion was measured with radioactive microspheres. Aortic pressure and heart rate were kept constant by an aortic snare and left atrial pacing. Microvessel diameters were measured under control conditions and during steady-state infusion of nitroglycerin (n = 11, 0.01-100 micrograms kg-1 min-1, i.v.). Nitroglycerin selectively dilated arteries from 201 to 386 microns, but had no effect on large arterioles less than 200 microns. Total coronary vascular resistance remained constant except at the highest dose. When mean coronary pressure was decreased to 35 mm Hg, small arterioles less than 100 microns dilated. Diameters of larger arterioles decreased. Nitroglycerin (10 micrograms kg-1 min-1, i.v., n = 8) selectively dilated microvessels greater than 200 microns in the region distal to the stenosis, although myocardial perfusion was not affected. Thus, nitroglycerin altered the distribution of microvascular resistance without altering overall resistance. We conclude that steady-state infusion of nitroglycerin selectively dilates coronary arterial microvessels greater than 200 microns. During decreased perfusion pressure, recruitable vasodilation in response to nitroglycerin is due to dilation of microvessels greater than 200 microns.     

丙泊酚对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其Caspase-3表达干预机制的研究

目的通过观察ip丙泊酚对脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马区神经细胞的影响,探讨丙泊酚对临床围手术期预防脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法 SD大鼠60只随机分为丙泊酚组、假手术组和模型组。采用大脑中动脉线栓法制作左侧大脑动脉栓塞模型。在缺血再灌注前10 min时,丙泊酚组ip丙泊酚50 mg/kg,模型组ip给予等量生理盐水。假手术组只进行颈部切开、缝合操作而不进行缺血再灌注实验。缺血再灌注24 h采集脑组织。TTC染色法测定大鼠左侧脑组织梗死面积,免疫组化检测大鼠脑组织海马区Caspase-3的表达,原位杂交检测大鼠海马组织Caspase-3 m RNA的转录水平。结果与模型组比较,丙泊酚组脑组织灰白色区域明显缩小,改善了脑组织梗死面积,海马区Caspase-3的阳性表达和Caspase-3 m RNA的转录水平明显降低(P0.01)。结论丙泊酚干预对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,其机制可能通过干预Caspase-3相关的细胞凋亡信号传导途径来完成。     

Nitroglycerin improves left ventricular relaxation by changing systolic loading sequence in patients with excessive arterial load

Nitroglycerin abbreviates left ventricular (LV) relaxation through improved hemodynamics as well as by direct actions on the myocardium. The aim of this study was to examine whether the changing systolic loading sequence during nitroglycerin administration affects LV relaxation in patients with excessive arterial load. By use of a conductance catheter with microtip manometer, the effects of intravenous nitroglycerin (0.3-0.5 microg/kg/min) on LV function and hemodynamics were examined in 39 patients with various degrees of LV contractility. Patients were divided into two groups according to LV-arterial coupling, the ratio of end-systolic elastance (Ees) to effective arterial elastance (Ea). In patients with Ees/Ea ratio > 1, nitroglycerin had no effect on the time to peak force or on the time constant of LV relaxation (tau). On the other hand, in patients with Ees/Ea < 1, which represented excessive arterial load, nitroglycerin significantly shortened the time to peak force, shifted the peak of the loading sequence from late to early systole, and significantly decreased tau without any changes in Ees. Thus, nitroglycerin improved LV relaxation in patients with excessive arterial load partly by changing the systolic loading sequence.     

Impact of renal function on ischemic stroke and major bleeding rates in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients treated with warfarin or rivaroxaban: a retrospective cohort study using real-world evidence

Objectives: Renal dysfunction is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and is an independent predictor of stroke and systemic embolism. Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients with renal dysfunction may face a particularly high risk of thromboembolism and bleeding. The current retrospective cohort study was designed to assess the impact of renal function on ischemic stroke and major bleeding rates in NVAF patients in the real-world setting (outside a clinical trial).

Methods: Medical claims and Electronic Health Records were retrieved retrospectively from Optum’s Integrated Claims–Clinical de-identified dataset from May 2011 to August 2014. Patients with NVAF treated with warfarin (2468) or rivaroxaban (1290) were selected. Each treatment cohort was stratified by baseline estimated creatinine clearance (eCrCl) levels. Confounding adjustments were made using inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Incidence rates and hazard ratios of ischemic stroke and major bleeding events were calculated for both cohorts.

Results: Overall, patients treated with rivaroxaban had an ischemic stroke incidence rate of 1.9 per 100 person-years (PY) while patients treated with warfarin had a rate of 4.2 per 100 PY (HR?=?0.41 [0.21–0.80], p?=?.009). Rivaroxaban patients with an eCrCl below 50?mL/min (N?=?229) had an ischemic stroke rate of 0.8 per 100 PY, while the rate for the warfarin cohort (N?=?647) was 6.0 per 100 PY (HR?=?0.09 [0.01–0.72], p?=?.02). For the other renal function levels (i.e. eCrCl 50–80 and ≥80?mL/min) HRs indicated no statistically significant differences in ischemic stroke risks. Bleeding events did not differ significantly between cohorts stratified by renal function.

Conclusions: Ischemic stroke rates were significantly lower in the overall NVAF population for rivaroxaban vs. warfarin users, including patients with eCrCl below 50?mL/min. For all renal function groups, major bleeding risks were not statistically different between treatment groups.