中药提取物对耐药幽门螺杆菌生物膜形成的影响

目的观察中药提取物对耐药幽门螺杆菌生物膜形成的影响。方法采用标准琼脂平板对倍稀释法测定大黄素、黄连素、苦参碱、黄芩苷等对耐药幽门螺杆菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,检测低于MIC药物作用菌株后反应孔的吸光度（A）值,并通过共聚焦显微镜观察耐药幽门螺杆菌生物膜形成情况。结果大黄素、黄连素、苦参碱、黄芩苷对耐药幽门螺杆菌的MIC分别是64,64,128,256 μg•mL－1;大黄素32 μg•mL－1、黄连素32 μg•mL－1、苦参碱64 μg•mL－1、黄芩苷128 μg•mL－1时,共聚焦显微镜下生物膜形成明显较少。结论大黄素、黄连素、苦参碱、黄芩苷对耐药幽门螺杆菌有抑制作用,浓度＜50%MIC能明显抑制菌株生物膜形成。     

地锦草提取物抗真菌作用及对红色毛癣菌角鲨烯环氧化酶的影响

目的 对地锦草提取物（EHE）进行体外抗真菌实验,探讨其抗真菌作用机制。方法 采用美国临床实验室标准化委员会（NCCLS）推荐的《产孢丝状真菌的液基稀释法抗真菌药物敏感性试验方案》（M38 A）,测定地锦草提取物对82株临床常见真菌的最低抑菌浓度值（MIC）;酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）研究其对红色毛癣菌角鲨烯环氧化酶的影响。结果 地锦草提取物对红色毛癣菌的平均MIC为446 μg•mL 1,石膏样毛癣菌值的平均MIC为652 μg•mL 1,紫色毛癣菌的平均MIC为1 024 μg•mL 1,许兰毛癣菌的平均MIC为896 μg•mL 1,疣状毛癣菌平均MIC为853 μg•mL 1,犬小孢子菌及4种念珠菌的平均MIC均＞1 024 μg•mL 1;地锦草提取物256 μg•mL 1时,可显著降低红色毛癣菌中角鲨烯环氧化酶的活性（P＜0.01）。结论 地锦草提取物有显著的抗真菌活性,对皮肤癣菌的敏感性比念珠菌高;其抗真菌机制可能与抑制角鲨烯环氧化酶的活性有关。     

RP HPLC测定家兔血浆中银杏叶提取物浓度方法研究

目的:建立用反相高效液相色谱(RP HPLC)测定家兔血浆中银杏叶提取物(extract ginkgo biloba, EGB)浓度的方法,对银杏叶提取物在家兔体内的药物动力学进行研究.方法:采用ODS Hypersil色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm)柱温22℃,甲醇 水 磷酸为流动相(32∶67.6∶0.4),流速1.0 mL•min 1,紫外检测波长368 nm等条件下进行分析测定.结果:最低检测浓度1.25 μg•mL 1,方法平均回收率分别为98.82%和101.06%精密度为107.80%,相对标准差(RSD)＜4%(n＝3),线性范围2.50～5.00 μg•mL 1(r＝0.997 2,n＝5)和6.25～15.00 μg•mL 1(r＝0.995 7,n＝5).结论:该法具有操作简单、干扰小、准确灵敏等优点.为临床应用EGB提供实验依据.     

10种中药对耐药性肺炎链球菌的抑菌作用

目的:观察耐药肺炎链球菌对10种中药的敏感性.方法:用临床分离细菌为受试菌,采用微量稀释法测定10种中草药水煎剂的体外最低抑菌浓度(MIC).结果:10种中药对肺炎链球菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中黄连、千里光抑菌效果最好,其MIC范围分别为1.95～7.81和1.95～15.62 g•L 1,MIC50分别为1.95和3.9 g•L 1.其次为黄芩、大黄和连翘等.结论:部分中草药对耐药肺炎链球菌有不同程度的抑菌作用.     

治痔胶囊与槐角丸体外抑菌活性比较

目的 比较治痔胶囊与槐角丸的体外抑菌活性. 方法 采用琼脂稀释法,观察治痔胶囊与槐角丸溶液对6种常见细菌生长的抑制作用. 结果 治痔胶囊对常见的6种细菌均有抑菌作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌、乙型链球菌的最低抑制浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)为0.062 5 g•mL^-1,对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC为0.125 g•mL^-1,对大肠埃希菌的MIC为0.25 g•mL^-1,对肠球菌的的最低抑菌浓度为0.5 g•mL^-1.槐角丸对金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌的生长有抑制作用,对两者的MIC均为0.125 g•mL^-1,槐角丸对另外4种细菌生长均无抑制作用. 结论 治痔胶囊比槐角丸具有更广的抗菌谱和更强的抑菌能力.     

静脉滴注木糖醇对糖尿病患者血糖和C肽的影响

目的:研究静脉滴注木糖醇对糖尿病患者血糖和C肽的影响.方法:45例糖尿病患者,其中Ⅱ型糖尿病40例,迟发Ⅰ型糖尿病5例.静脉滴注5%的木糖醇溶液500 mL,2 h左右用完,qd,持续2周.第1天滴注前后抽静脉血检测血糖和C肽浓度,并观察滴注2周前后肝、肾功能的变化.结果:静脉滴注木糖醇溶液前后血糖无明显变化［用药前(11.31±4.72) mmol•L 1,用药后(10.97±5.27) mmol•L 1,P＞0.05,t检验］;血C肽浓度明显升高(用药前中位数2.01 μg•L 1,范围0.38～18.63 μg•L 1;用药后中位数5.00 μg•L 1,范围0.64～14.73 μg•L 1,P＜0.05,Mann Whitney U检验).用药2周后肝、肾功能无明显变化,用药当天和2周后未见明显不良反应.结论:静脉滴注木糖醇溶液不会升高糖尿病患者的血糖,并且可以刺激胰岛细胞分泌胰岛素,无肝肾不良反应.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人血浆洛拉曲克浓度

目的建立测定人血浆洛拉曲克浓度的反相高效液相色谱法。方法以DiamonsilTM C18反相柱（150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）为色谱柱,流动相为0.03 mol•L 1醋酸铵 甲醇（40：60）;流速：0.8 mL•min 1;柱温：40 ℃;检测波长： 233 nm。以乙酸乙酯与二氯甲烷（80：20）为提取剂。结果洛拉曲克的高、中、低（50.0, 10.0,1.0 μg•mL 1）3种浓度平均回收率分别为98.72%,97.86%,101.27%,日内、日间差RSD均＜7%（n＝5）;分析方法的检测限为1.0 μg•mL 1;线性范围为1.0～50.0 μg•mL 1。标准曲线方程： Y＝1.73X－5.29,r＝0.999 8（n＝8）。结论该方法灵敏、准确、简单、快速,可用于临床血药浓度监测和药动学研究。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者小剂量茶碱的血药浓度监测

［摘要］目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者小剂量茶碱治疗的合理血药谷浓度,并分析影响茶碱血药浓度的因素。方法对60例接受小剂量茶碱治疗的患者的血药浓度监测结果进行了回顾性分析。结果茶碱血清浓度＜3 μg•mL 1的 2例,3～6 μg•mL 1的53例,肺心病患者茶碱血药浓度偏高; 嗜烟患者茶碱血药浓度偏低。结论小剂量茶碱治疗COPD患者时,建议血清谷浓度调控在3～6 μg•mL 1。吸烟对茶碱血药浓度有明显影响。     

高效液相梯度洗脱法同时测定复方诺氟沙星滴耳液中3组分的含量

（1. ［摘要］目的建立高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定复方诺氟沙星滴耳液中诺氟沙星、甲硝唑和丙酸倍氯米松的含量。方法Kromasil C18 柱（4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）,流动相为甲醇 乙腈 0.025 mol•L 1磷酸溶液（用三乙胺调至pH至3.0） 注射用水,梯度洗脱。结果诺氟沙星、甲硝唑和丙酸倍氯米松的线性范围分别为15.0～150.0 μg•mL 1（r＝0.999 4）, 15.1～151.0 μg•mL 1（r＝0.999 3）和2.6～ 26.0 μg•mL 1（r＝0.999 4）;平均回收率分别为99.5%, 99.7%和99.5%;RSD分别为0.80%,0.78%和0.92%（n＝9）。结论该方法操作简便,快速,准确度较高,适合复方诺氟沙星滴耳液含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方银茶方银杏黄酮苷含量

目的用高效液相色谱 紫外检测器法（HPLC UV）测定复方银茶方中银杏黄酮苷的含量。方法复方银茶样品经酸水解回流提取,采用Diamonsil C18 （4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,以甲醇 0.4%磷酸溶液（52：48）为流动相,以紫外检测器在370 nm波长下检测。结果复方银茶样品经酸水解得到槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素3种苷元,槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素分别在8.34～83.40 μg•mL 1,5.91～59.10 μg•mL 1,2.425～24.250 μg•mL 1范围内线性关系良好;槲皮素、山奈酚和异鼠李素的平均回收率分别为93.16%,94.25%,95.85%。结论该方法简便、准确、分离效能高,可用于复方银茶方中黄酮苷成分的含量测定。     

A novel colorimetric broth microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics and essential oils against Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori infections have been associated with the pathogenesis of a number of stomach and gastroduodenal diseases. In order to find alternative drugs for their treatment the search is increasingly focused on new antimicrobial products. However, no standardized methods are available to test the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity in particular of natural substances. Therefore we developed a broth microdilution assay to investigate the susceptibility of this fastidious slow growing bacterium against 15 essential oils widely used to treat disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The MIC values were determined colorimetrically using p-iodonitrophenyltetrazolium violet (INT) as an indicator for bacterial cell viability. The test sytem was evaluated with three common antibiotics: amoxicillin, ampicillin and levofloxacin. The antibiotic MICs were controlled by Etest. The Helicobacter reference strain was remarkably susceptible to both the antibiotics (amoxicillin MIC: 0.02 microg/ml, ampicillin MIC: 0.064 microg/ml, levofloxacin MIC: 0.39 microg/ml) and the essential oils. Most of their MICs ranged from 0.015 to 0.064% (v/v) and about 140.0 to 280.0 microg/ml, respectively. Interestingly, chamomile oil, orange flower oil and ginger oil inhibited the bacterial growth in extraordinarily low concentrations of 0.0075% (v/v) and about 65 microg/ml, respectively. The bactericidal concentrations were generally one to two dilution steps higher. In conclusion, we could develop an innovative assay for the MIC determination of essential oils and antibiotics against Helicobacter pylori, which is simple to handle, accurate, reproducible and not as time- and material-consuming as traditional agar dilution techniques.     

琼脂稀释法检测5种抗菌药物对幽门螺杆菌的体外抑制效应

目的：探讨临床常用的5种抗菌药物对幽门螺杆菌（Hp）的体外抑制效应,旨在为临床根除Hp提供理论参考。方法：琼脂稀释法测定单药及联合用药对110株临床分离的Hp的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和联合抑菌分数（FIC）。结果：110株Hp对5种抗菌药物的耐药率,左氧氟沙星为76.4%、克拉霉素为51.8%、替硝唑为20.9%、阿莫西林为8.2%、左奥硝唑为2.7%。5种抗菌药物的二联用药对Hp的抑制效应为：阿莫西林联合克拉霉素/左奥硝唑的协同抑制效应最强,替硝唑联合阿莫西林/左奥硝唑、左氧氟沙星联合阿莫西林/左奥硝唑具有协同抑制效应,克拉霉素联合左奥硝唑具有累加抑菌效应。结论：Hp对左氧氟沙星有较高的耐药性,对克拉霉素和替硝唑有一定的耐药性,对阿莫西林和左奥硝唑较敏感;阿莫西林联合克拉霉素/左奥硝唑对Hp的协同抑制效应最强。对根除Hp的治疗应在药物敏感性试验检测结果下选择性地应用抗菌药物。     

Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from Gnaphlium affine

The chemical composition of the essential oil from Gnaphlium affine was determined, and its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were evaluated. Twenty-four compounds, representing 94.95% of the amount of total oil, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Main constituents of the essential oil were found to be eugenol (18.24%), linalool (10.62%), trans-caryophyllene (8.86%), α-terpineol (5.97%), p-cymene (5.75%), hexadecanoic acid (5.63%), γ-cadinene (4.98%), δ-cadinene (4.22%), α-humulene (3.22%), and (−)-β-elemene (3.15%). The essential oil revealed a remarkable antimicrobial effect against the tested food-borne microorganisms with the MIC and MBC values in the ranges of 0.2-1.56 μg/ml and 0.39-3.13 μg/ml, respectively. The essential oil showed a potent antioxidant activity in ABTS radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation and reducing power assay. It was suggested that the essential oil from G. affine may be a new potential source as natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents applied in food systems.     

HS-SPME-GC-MS分析不同产地丁香挥发性成分

目的:分析丁香挥发性成分的化学组成,并比较不同产地丁香中挥发性成分组成的差异。方法:采用顶空固相微萃取 (HS-SPME)技术萃取丁香中挥发性成分,结合气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用技术对丁香的挥发性成分进行定性、定量分析。结果:5个不同产地的丁香药材挥发性成分中含量最高的成分为丁香酚,其次为石竹烯、α-葎草烯;不同产地丁香挥发性成分中共有成分为α-蒎烯、丁香酚、石竹烯、α-葎草烯和δ-杜松烯。结论:运用HS-SPME-GC-MS能够快速获取丁香的挥发性成分的化学组成信息,不同产地丁香中挥发性成分中丁香酚和石竹烯两者的含量之和存在较大差异,研究结果可为丁香的质量评价提供参考依据。     

Scavenger Activity Evaluation of the Clove Bud Essential Oil (Eugenia caryophyllus) and Eugenol Derivatives Employing ABTS Decolorization

The essential oil (EO) of clove bud dried fruits from Eugenia caryophyllus was obtained by a conventional hydrodistillation process in an excellent yield (11.7 %). Its chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS, identifying eugenol as a main constituent (60.5%). Four eugenol-like molecules, γ-diisoeugenol, hydroxymethyleugenol, dihydroeugenol and 1,3-dioxanylphenol, were synthesized using eugenol or isoeugenol as initial precursors under green chemistry protocols. To evaluate the possible antioxidant capacity of eugenol compounds including the clove bud EO, the Trolox® Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity value, obtained by the ABTS^+• radical-cation discoloration method, was employed. The methodology was performed in a UV-Vis reader of 96-well microplates (dilution methodology), using well-known antioxidant agents (BHA, BHT and vitamin E) as reference compounds. It was found that the prepared eugenol derivatives had a more potent free radical scavenger activity than the reference compounds. In particular, the most active molecules, γ-diisoeugenol and 1,3-dioxanylphenol, were ca. 3-fold more potent than vitamin E.     

Antifungal activity of fluid extract and essential oil from anise fruits (Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae)

Antifungal activities of fluid extract and essential oil obtained from anise fruits Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiaceae) were tested in vitro on clinical isolates of seven species of yeasts and four species of dermatophytes. Diffusion method with cylinders and the broth dilution method were used for antifungal activity testing. Anise fluid extract showed antimycotic activity against Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis and C. krusei with MIC values between 17 and 20% (v/v). No activity was noticed against C. glabrata, and anis fruits extracts showed growth promotion activity on Geotrichum spp. Anise fruits extract inhibited the growth of dermatophyte species (Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and M. gypseum) with MIC values between 1.5 and 9.0% (V/V). Anise essential oil showed strong antifungal activity against yeasts with MIC lower than 1.56% (V/V) and dermatophytes with MIC lower than 0.78% (V/V). Significant differences in antifungal activities were found between anise fluid extract and anise essential oil (p<0.01). Anise essential oil exhibited stronger antifungal activities against yeasts and dermatophytes with MIC values between 0.10 and 1.56% (V/V), respectively.     

Anti-gastric actions of eugenol and cinnamic acid isolated from Cinnamomi Ramulus

We investigated the evidence of gastric protection for ulcer and gastritis by Cinnamomi Ramulus (Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Geiji, CR) extract and its several constituents. CR ethanolic extract showed the potent antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and acid-neutralizing capacity. Especially, eugenol exerted a significant antioxidant activity and inhibited the colonization of H. pylori. In vivo test, eugenol and cinnamic acid significantly inhibited HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions and increased the mucus content though they didn't inhibit gastric secretion effectively. Taken together, eugenol and cinnamic acid, which were isolated from CR, exhibited the antioxidant activity in vitro and protective effect against gastric damage in vivo through stimulation of mucus secretion and so on. It suggested that they are useful as the neutraceuticals for gastritis.     

Chemical Composition,In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils of Ocimum Gratissimum,O. Sanctum and their Major Constituents

The essential oils of the flowering aerial parts of two Ocimum species viz., Ocimum gratissimum and O. sanctum were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The principal constituent of O. gratissimum and O. sanctum was eugenol (75.1%) and methyl eugenol (92.4%), comprising 99.3 and 98.9% of the total oils, respectively. In vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of O. gratissimum, O. sanctum and their major compounds eugenol and methyl eugenol were screened by using tube dilution methods. O. gratissimum oil was found highly active against S. marcescens while O. sanctum oil showed significant activity against A. niger and S. faecalis. Methyl eugenol exhibited significant activity against P. aeruginosa while eugenol was effective only against S. aureus. Antioxidant activity of oils, eugenol, and methyl eugenol was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assays. Essential oil of O. gratissimum showed comparative antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ values 23.66±0.55 and 23.91±0.49 μg/ml in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) models, respectively. Eugenol showed slightly weaker antioxidant activity compared to oil of O. gratissimum, while O. sanctum oil demonstrated very feeble antioxidant activity and methyl eugenol did not show any activity. Eugenol and methyl eugenol would be elite source from O. gratissimum and O. sanctum, respectively, of this region could be consider as a source of natural food antioxidant, preservatives, and as an antiseptic.     

Comparative in vitro activities of several antimicrobial agents against Helicobacter pylori

Comparative in vitro activities of several antimicrobial agents against Helicobacter pylori were evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations against 41 strains of H. pylori were determined by using E test. All 41 strains were isolated from gastric mucosa of patients suspected to have gastric ulcer. The ranges of MIC of amoxicillin was from 0.016 microgram/ml and less to 0.064 microgram/ml. The ranges of MIC of clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin were from 0.016 microgram/ml and less to 64 micrograms/ml, from 0.016 microgram/ml and less to more than 256 micrograms/ml, from 0.064 to more than 256 micrograms/ml, respectively. The ranges of MIC of ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin were from 0.016 microgram/ml and less to 32 micrograms/ml, from 0.002 microgram/ml and less to more than 32 micrograms/ml, from 0.002 microgram/ml and less to more than 32 micrograms/ml, from 0.064 to more than 32 micrograms/ml, respectively.     

Activity of cefixime against Helicobacter pylori

The in vitro activities of cefixime, a new third-generation cephalosporin, and of 18 other antimicrobial agents against 18 strains of Helicobacter pylori were determined. The strains of H. pylori were isolated from gastric biopsy specimens and tested for sensitivity to antibiotics by an agar dilution technique under microaerophilic conditions. Among cephalosporins, cefixime had the highest antibacterial activity, with a MIC for 90% of strains (MIC(90)) of 0.125 mg/l. Josamycin and erythromycin, aminoglycosides and the penicillin group tested were comparatively less active (MIC(90) 相似文献