心脏瓣膜置换术同期行双极射频消融治疗房颤的临床应用

目的 总结心脏瓣膜置换术同期行双极射频消融治疗房颤的临床疗效.方法 25例心脏瓣膜疾病合并房颤的患者,在进行瓣膜置换术中同期行射频消融治疗房颤,术中采用AtriCure双极射频消融夹进行房颤消融治疗,术后常规应用胺碘酮维持心律.结果 25例患者中,22例患者术中即转复为窦性心律,术后2周,21例患者为窦性心律.22例患者随访满1年,1个月、3个月时19例为窦性心律,6个月、1年时20例为窦性心律.结论 心脏瓣膜置换术中同期行射频消融治疗房颤是一种有效的治疗方法.     

123例二尖瓣置换术中同期行双极房颤射频消融术的疗效分析

目的：研究二尖瓣置换术中同期行双极房颤射频消融术的疗效。方法回顾性分析本院123例患者采用Metronic双极射频消融系统在二尖瓣置换术中同期行双极房颤射频消融术的全部资料,探讨其治疗效果。结果123例患者其中死亡1例,消融时间10-15 min,主动脉阻断时间（42±15）min,体外循环时间（105±35）min,24 h引流量为（455±280）ml,无Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞、冠状动脉及食管损伤、脑梗死等并发症,心脏复跳后100例患者为窦性心律、20例为节性心律、3例为房颤心律,术后住院15-20 d,全组均顺利出院,出院后120例获得随访,随访3-36个月,随访率为97.6%,随访期间98例维持窦性心律,占79.7%,房颤标测患者消融成功率显著提高（P〈0.05）。结论二尖瓣置换术中行双极房颤射频消融术是一种安全简便有效的操作。     

风心病瓣膜置换术同期行房颤射频消融的治疗体会

目的：分析风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术同期行射频消融治疗房颤的效果。方法：双瓣置换术109例,二尖辫置换术191例,主动脉瓣置换术27例,术前心功能Ⅲ～IV级。均同期行射频消融治疗房颤手术,三尖瓣中度以上关闭不全者行三尖瓣成形术。结果：术后窦性心律252例（77．06％）,房颤心律75例;随访6～18个月,窦性心律221例（67．58％）;本组病人手术死亡2例。结论：风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术同期行射频消融治疗房颤安全有效。     

心脏瓣膜置换术同期双极射频消融治疗永久性心房颤动

目的探讨心内直视下同期行改良冲洗式双极射频消融治疗心瓣膜病合并永久性心房颤动的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2010年4月至2013年4月心脏瓣膜病合并永久心房颤动52例患者在体外循环下行心瓣膜置换术加改良冲洗式双极射频消融手术的临床资料。其中风湿性心脏瓣膜病47例,心瓣膜退行性病变5例;均合并永久性心房颤动,术中采用Medtronic Cardioblate 68000冲洗式双极射频消融系统进行消融操作。消融手术包括双侧肺静脉的环形隔离、左心耳切除、左右心房消融（改良Cox—maze Ⅲ手术路径）和Marshall韧带切除;术后常规予胺碘酮治疗。结果52例手术均顺利完成,平均消融时间为（14±6）min,全组无心脏穿孔,无手术死亡。术后当天有42例恢复为窦性心律。全组术后均予以口服盐酸胺碘酮维持6个月,有5例分别于术后1～7d发生阵发性心房颤动,经静脉注射盐酸胺碘酮后转为窦性心律。2例出现Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,安装永久起搏器治疗,患者平均住院时间为（12．1±2．3）d。术后平均随访（8±4）个月,84．6％（44／52）维持窦性心律,11．5％（6／52）为房颤心律,3．8％（2／52）为起搏心律。结论心内直视下同期改良冲洗式双极射频消融治疗心脏瓣膜病合并永久性心房颤动是一种简易、安全、有效的方法。     

心脏瓣膜置换加直视下双极射频消融治疗持续性心房颤动

目的探讨心脏瓣膜置换和心内直视下同期双极射频消融治疗心瓣膜病合并持续性心房颤动的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年4月至2013年8月心脏瓣膜病合并持续性心房颤动70例患者行心瓣膜置换术加改良冲洗式双极射频消融手术的临床资料,术中采用Medtronic Cardioblate 68000冲洗式双极射频消融系统进行消融。消融路径包括双侧肺静脉的环形隔离、左心耳切除、左右心房消融和Marshall 韧带切除;术后根据病情给予胺碘酮治疗3～6个月。结果70例患者手术均顺利完成,平均消融时间为（14±6） min,术后当天有62例恢复为窦性心律;其中6例分别于术后2周内发生阵发性心房颤动,经静脉持续泵入盐酸胺碘酮后5例转为窦性心律,1例于出院时仍为心房颤动心律;术后当天仍有6例为房颤心律。全组有2例围手术期出现Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,出院前安装永久起搏器。全组无心脏穿孔,无手术死亡。患者平均住院时间为（12.3±2.1）d。术后平均随访（9±5）个月,术后6个月随访患者有82.8%（58/70）维持窦性心律,14.3%（10/70）仍为心房颤动,2.9%（2/70）为起搏心律。结论心内直视下同期改良冲洗式双极射频消融治疗心脏瓣膜病合并持续性心房颤动是一种简易、安全、有效的方法。     

心脏瓣膜手术同时双极射频消融手术治疗心房颤动

目的评价风湿性心脏病合并心房颤动（AF）心内直视下双极射频消融治疗的手术效果。方法2006年3月至2008年12月风湿性心脏病患者20例接受瓣膜置换术加双极射频消融改良迷宫Ⅲ型手术治疗。结果术后窦性心律14例（70％）,AF心律3例（15％）,结性和起搏心律3例（15％）。平均随访18．2个月,84．2％（16／19）维持窦性心律,10．5％（2／19）为AF心律。结论风湿性心脏病合并AF术中双极射频消融治疗,术后长期窦性心律维持率较高,双极射频消融手术作为心脏手术的附加手术具有安全、省时、治疗AF效果好等优点。     

心脏瓣膜置换同期行改良双极房颤射频消融术的安全性及有效性评价

目的 评价心脏瓣膜置换同期行改良双极房颤射频消融术的安全性及有效性。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2018年6月在安徽省立医院心脏大血管外科行心脏瓣膜置换手术的110例患者的临床资料,其中,将同期行改良双极房颤射频消融术的60例患者作为消融组,行单纯心脏瓣膜置换术的50例患者作为对照组。分析比较两组患者的术前一般资料、手术相关指标、术后病死率、并发症及窦性心律恢复情况。结果 消融组患者主动脉阻断时间为（93.93±30.06）min,术后监护时间为（1.97±0.96）d,术后住院时间为（11.83±5.50）d,术后病死率为1.67%,术后并发症发生率为21.67%,与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。消融组患者体外循环时间为（164.58±43.92）min,手术时间为（300.03±53.43）min,术后窦性心律恢复率高,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 对于术前合并心房颤动的心脏瓣膜病患者,在瓣膜置换同期行改良双极房颤射频消融术治疗心房颤动手术安全可靠,术后窦性心律恢复率高。     

心脏瓣膜置换同期行双极射频消融术治疗房颤的疗效及安全性探讨

目的观察在心脏瓣膜置换术中同期行双极射频消融术治疗心房颤动（AF）的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析自2007年4月至2010年8月在瓣膜置换术同期行双极射频消融术治疗AF患者70例的临床资料。全组在全麻开胸直视体外循环下行双极射频消融术＋瓣膜置换术。结果70例患者全部存活,术后当天心电图提示：64例患者心律均由AF转为窦性心律,3例结性心律,2例顽固室性心动过速,1例Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞。随访3～40个月无一例死亡,61例维持窦性心律,占87．1％;6例房颤心律,占8．6％;3例房扑心律,占4．3％。结论双极射频消融术治疗RHD合并AF,可使绝大多数病人恢复窦性心律,是一种安全的值得推广的好方法。     

心脏瓣膜置换术同期行射频消融治疗术39例术后护理

心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)是最常见的心律失常之一,在心脏瓣膜病中发病率为23.9％[1],能够影响血流动力学及心功能,并发左心房附壁血栓易引起动脉栓塞,甚至引起脑栓塞.单纯的药物或电除颤并不能起到很好的治疗作用.为了恢复窦性心律,降低心脏瓣膜置换术后并发症的发生,近年来对心脏瓣膜病合并房颤患者在行瓣膜置换术的同期行射频消融术配合治疗,获得较好效果.现将我院收治39例心脏瓣膜置换术同期行射频消融治疗术患者的术后护理情况报告如下.     

心脏瓣膜置换同期行双极射频消融术治疗心房颤动临床观察

目的：研究分析心脏瓣膜置换同期行双极射频消融术(BRFA)治疗心房颤动的临床效果。方法90例心脏瓣膜合并心房颤动患者,给予患者心脏瓣膜置换术同期进行双极射频消融术进行治疗,术后给予常规胺碘酮维持窦性心律。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,转机时间为55~217 min,平均(20.8±2.9)min,阻断主动脉时间为37~157 min,平均(84.3±25.3)min。其中BRFA增加阻断主动脉时间为16~31 min,平均(21.6±2.5)min,未出现由BRFA引起的异常出血。术后对所有患者进行随访,平均随访时间(37.6±25.2)周,患者未出现死亡、抗凝相关并发症以及三度房室传导阻滞等并发症,术后1年有91.1%的患者维持窦性心律。患者术后3个月给予超声心动图检查显示,患者的术后左心房及左心室经线与手术前相比明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心脏瓣膜置换同期行双极射频消融术治疗心房颤动具有良好的临床应用价值,安全可靠且操作简便,术后维持窦性心律较高,值得临床大力推广。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.