金线莲多糖提取工艺研究

目的 优选金线莲水溶性多糖的最佳提取工艺.方法 采用正交试验法,以煎煮液中水溶性多糖的含量为考察指标,对影响金线莲多糖的提取因素进行了研究,用苯酚-硫酸法对煎煮液中的金线莲多糖进行含量测定.结果金线莲多糖的最佳提取工艺为:用10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次1h.     

鬼箭羽多糖分析方法研究

目的建立鬼箭羽多糖分析方法。方法采用L9(34)正交实验法考察样品提取方法,通过单因素实验优选多糖显色条件,用紫外-可见分光光度法测定多糖含量。结果多糖提取方法:以75和100mL水提取2次,第1次煎煮2h,第2次煎煮1h;显色条件:取供试溶液1.0mL,加入0.05g·mL-1苯酚液1mL,混匀,再加浓硫酸7.0mL,摇匀,于20℃水浴中反应30min,冰水浴冷却5min,在482nm波长处测定吸光度;葡萄糖质量浓度在0.012～0.18mg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 7),平均回收率为100.4%,RSD=1.2%。结论建立的鬼箭羽多糖分析方法可行、准确、简便。     

金线莲多糖苯酚-硫酸法测定条件的优化

目的:从金线莲中提取多糖,并建立金线莲多糖含量测定方法。方法:用超声法提取金线莲多糖,以苯酚-硫酸法进行含量测定,以葡萄糖为对照品,检测波长为490nm,用L9(34)正交试验设计优选测定条件。结果:1.0mL样液,加5%苯酚液0.6mL、硫酸6.0mL,100℃水浴保温15min结果最佳,测得金线莲超声提取物中粗多糖含量为12.09%。结论:优化后的苯酚-硫酸法测定金线莲多糖,方法简单,重复性好,结果准确。     

正交试验优选四黄膏提取工艺

目的:优选四黄膏提取工艺。方法:乙醇提取大黄、黄芩,正交试验法考察乙醇浓度、乙醇用量、提取时间、提取次数对大黄素含量的影响;水煎煮提取黄连、黄柏,正交试验法考察水的用量、浸泡时间、煎煮时间、煎煮次数对鞣质含量的影响。结果:大黄、黄芩醇提取最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度为60%,用量为药材总量的6倍,提取时间为1h,提取次数为3次;黄连、黄柏水提取最佳工艺条件为:水的用量为药材总量的6倍,浸泡时间为0.5h,煎煮时间为2h,提取次数为3次。结论:采用优选工艺制备四黄膏操作简便,稳定性好,可为工业生产提供理论依据。     

正交实验法优选黄芪蛰虫口服液的制备工艺

目的 优选黄芪蛰虫口服液的最佳提取工艺. 方法 采用正交实验法对煎煮过程中水的用量、煎煮次数、煎煮时间3个因素选取3个水平,考察黄芪甲苷与水溶性多糖含量2项指标,用直观法和方差分析法分析结果. 结果 最佳提取工艺为A₃B₂C₁,即煎煮水量为药材的20倍,煎煮次数为2次,煎煮时间为2 h.结论 该方法优选最佳方案能保证黄芪蛰虫口服液的质量.     

中华猕猴桃多糖的提取及泡腾片的工艺研究

目的确定中华猕猴桃多糖的最佳提取工艺;改进泡腾片的制备工艺,提高制剂稳定性。方法以苯酚-硫酸比色法测定多糖含量,λmax=490nm,采用正交设计方法优选提取工艺和制剂工艺。结果最佳提取工艺为用20倍水提,每次0.5h,提2次。最佳制剂工艺为碳酸氢钠11.25%,柠檬酸7.5%,采用5%聚乙二醇包裹碳酸氢钠,并以此工艺制成泡腾片。结论改进工艺优于常用工艺,切实可行。     

正交设计优化金樱子多糖的酶提取工艺

目的:确定金樱子多糖的最佳酶提取工艺。方法:利用纤维素酶从金樱子中提取多糖,采用正交试验设计进行条件优选,通过分光光度法对提取物进行多糖含量的测定。结果:检测波长为490nm,葡萄糖含量在0.010～0.100mg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9992),最佳酶提取工艺为pH=6,酶用量为6.0mL,反应温度为60℃,酶解时间为2.0h。在此条件下,金樱子多糖的平均提取率为24.48%,RSD=1.47%。结论:优选出的酶提取工艺合理、经济、可行。     

正交试验法优选胀果甘草多糖的提取工艺

目的对胀果甘草多糖的超声提取工艺进行研究。方法用正交试验法筛选最佳提取工艺,并用苯酚-硫酸法来测定胀果甘草多糖含量。结果λmax=490nm,平均回收收率为101.11%,RSD =1.43%。胀果甘草多糖的最佳提取工艺为:粉末粒度为40目,超声时间60min,水量20mL。结论该方法简单,快速,为从药材或制剂中提取胀果甘草多糖提供了参考。     

首乌通便膏的提取工艺研究

优选首乌通便膏的工艺条件.分别以大黄素、阿魏酸提取率为指标,采用正交试验,考察乙醇提取与水煎煮的工艺条件.乙醇渗漉最佳提取条件为加8倍量75%乙醇,浸泡36小时后开始渗漉,流速3mL·min-1;水煎煮最佳提取条件为加水量8倍,浸泡时间0.5小时,煎煮时间1小时,煎煮3次.优选得到的工艺稳定可行.     

复方六月雪颗粒提取工艺研究

目的 :优选复方六月雪颗粒提取工艺的最佳条件。方法 :先对处方中的药材用乙醇渗漉提取 ,药渣再用水煎煮提取。以齐墩果酸、总黄酮含量为评价指标 ,用正交设计法对两步提取工艺条件进行考察。结果 :以80 %的乙醇为渗漉溶媒 ,溶媒用量为药材量的8倍 ,浸渍时间24h作为乙醇渗漉提取的最佳工艺条件 ;以加水量为药材量的12倍 ,每次煎煮1 5h ,共煎煮3次作为水煎煮提取的最佳工艺条件。结论 :优选出的最佳工艺条件经验证其结果稳定 ,指标性成分含量高 ,可以用于投入生产。     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Emerging drugs for epilepsy

Epilepsy affects ≤ 1% of the world's population. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of treatment, although more than a third of patients are not rendered seizure free with existing medications. Uncontrolled epilepsy is associated with increased mortality and physical injuries, and a range of psychosocial morbidities, posing a substantial economic burden on individuals and society. Limitations of the present AEDs include suboptimal efficacy and their association with a host of adverse reactions. Continued efforts are being made in drug development to overcome these shortcomings employing a range of strategies, including modification of the structure of existing drugs, targeting novel molecular substrates and non-mechanism-based drug screening of compounds in traditional and newer animal models. This article reviews the need for new treatments and discusses some of the emerging compounds that have entered clinical development. The ultimate goal is to develop novel agents that can prevent the occurrence of seizures and the progression of epilepsy in at risk individuals.     

盐酸达泊西汀中甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯及甲磺酸异丙酯的顶空毛细管GC-ECD法测定

建立了衍生化顶空毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(ECD)法测定盐酸达泊西汀中的甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)、甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)和甲磺酸异丙酯(IMS).应用碘化钠衍生技术,使用PW-5毛细管柱,载气为氮气,ECD检测,程序升温.MMS、EMS和IMS分别在0.03～0.30、0.05～0.50和0.05～0.50 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为63.5％、100.3％和96.2％,最低检测限分别为0.30、0.50和0.50 ng/ml.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.