1例病毒性脑炎癫痫发作后肺部感染患儿的药学监护

目的:从病毒性脑炎癫痫发作后肺部感染患儿1例的药学监护谈抗菌药物选择与使用,探讨临床药师在临床疾病治疗中的作用.方法:临床药师参与1例病毒性脑炎癫痫发作后肺部感染患儿的药物治疗过程,提供药物相互作用相关知识及抗菌药物选择建议.结果:医师部分采纳临床药师建议,修正用药方案,避免滥用抗菌药物.结论:临床药师参与临床治疗取得较好效果.减轻患者经济负担,避免药物相互作用以及抗菌药物滥用,提升合理用药水平.     

1例病毒性脑炎癫痫发作后肺部感染患儿的药学监护

目的:从病毒性脑炎癫痫发作后肺部感染患儿1例的药学监护谈抗菌药物选择与使用,探讨临床药师在临床疾病治疗中的作用.方法:临床药师参与1例病毒性脑炎癫痫发作后肺部感染患儿的药物治疗过程,提供药物相互作用相关知识及抗菌药物选择建议.结果:医师部分采纳临床药师建议,修正用药方案,避免滥用抗菌药物.结论:临床药师参与临床治疗取得较好效果.减轻患者经济负担,避免药物相互作用以及抗菌药物滥用,提升合理用药水平.     

1例急性胰腺炎并发酒精戒断综合征患者的药学监护

目的 探讨急性胰腺炎并发酒精戒断综合征患者的药学监护.方法 在1例急性胰腺炎并发酒精性肝病、酒精戒断综合征、肺部感染患者的治疗过程中存在多种治疗矛盾,临床药师以此为切入点,协助医师制订个体化用药方案,并监护患者用药全过程.结果 在临床医师和临床药师共同参与下,患者急性胰腺炎症状很快得到改善,肺部感染和相继出现的抗菌药物相关性腹泻以及酒精戒断精神症状也逐步好转出院.结论 临床患者并发多种疾病或出现治疗矛盾是临床药师工作的切入点.临床药师可协同临床医师优化治疗方案,实施药学监护,促进临床合理用药.     

临床药师参与1例对多种抗菌药物过敏患者肺部感染的治疗实践

目的:探讨临床药师在患者入院评估和高风险患者全程药学监护中的作用。方法:临床药师通过对患者进行入院评估,参与1例对多种抗菌药物过敏患者肺部感染治疗用药方案的制订,根据药物的临床疗效和患者病情变化及时调整用药方案,提供个体化的药学监护。结果:医师采纳临床药师建议,患者肺部感染得到控制,转入社区医院康复治疗。结论:临床药师对患者入院评估并进行分类管理,定位高风险患者并进行全程药学监护,可以协助医师优化和完善治疗方案,确保用药安全。     

临床药师对1例脑出血术后颅内感染伴肺部感染患者的药学监护

目的：探讨临床药师参与抗感染治疗与开展药学监护的方法。方法：对1例脑出血术后颅内感染伴肺部感染患者从药物选择、不良反应、相关指标监测等方面开展药学监护。结果：通过本次药学监护,对颅内感染伴肺部感染患者抗菌药物的选择有了进一步认识,在药师的积极参与下治愈了患者。结论：临床药师参与临床实践,为患者提供个体化治疗方案,可更有效地治愈患者,避免抗菌药物滥用导致的细菌耐药。     

1例肺部感染合并深静脉血栓患者的治疗分析与药学服务

目的:探讨临床药师参与深静脉血栓合并肺部感染患者的药学监护工作要点。方法:临床药师参与1例深静脉血栓合并肺部感染患者的治疗,对抗感染治疗方案的制订、抗凝药物剂量调整以及不良反应的处理等方面提出具体意见,为患者制订个体化的给药方案。结果:通过药学监护,临床药师为临床提供了合理用药方案,取得了良好的治疗效果。结论:临床药师与医师、护士共同组成治疗团队,有利于提高临床治疗水平,促进合理用药。     

临床药师参与一例神经外科术后院内感染患者的药学监护

目的探讨临床药师参与术后合并院内感染患者抗感染治疗过程中的药学监护内容。方法临床药师从药物选择、相关疗效指标监测、不良反应监测等方面对1例脑出血术后合并颅内感染、肺部感染患者的治疗过程开展药学监护。结果通过将抗菌药物治疗方案调整为美罗培南静脉给药联合鞘内给药,并在治疗过程中根据药敏结果加用复方磺胺治疗,患者颅内感染、肺部感染最终得到有效控制,且肝功能好转,治疗过程中无癫疒间发作。结论临床药师参与患者抗感染治疗过程中个体化治疗方案的制订,开展药学监护,对促进药物治疗的有效性、减少或避免药品不良反应的发生具有重要作用。     

临床药师参与多重耐药菌感染脑膜炎患者抗感染治疗的药学监护

目的:探究临床药师参与多重耐药菌(MDRO)感染脑膜炎患者抗感染治疗的药学监护方法.方法:临床药师参与1例MDRO感染脑膜炎患者的抗感染治疗,分析多重耐药革兰阴性菌的治疗药物选择、抗菌药物的血脑屏障通透性、抗菌药物致中性粒细胞减少的诱发机制;并根据现有不良反应报告,在患者粒细胞减少后及时提出停用可疑药品以及个体化用药建议,得到临床采纳.结果:临床医师采纳药师建议,患者感染症状迅速得到控制,抗菌药物致粒细胞计数减少恢复正常.结论:临床药师通过对MDRO感染脑膜炎患者的药学监护,有效减少了抗菌药物的不合理使用及医源性多重耐药菌的产生.     

临床药师对1例重症肺部感染患者的药学监护

目的探讨临床药师对重症肺部感染患者实施药学监护的方法和意义。方法临床药师通过参与1例重症肺部感染患者的治疗过程,从抗菌药物的选择、给药方案的制定、不良反应的预防为患者提供药学监护。结果患者经抗感染治疗后,临床症状逐渐改善、消失,体温正常,血常规白细胞数及中性粒细胞百分比正常。结论临床药师利用自己的专业知识,协助医师制定用药方案,为患者提供药学服务,可在重症肺感染患者治疗中发挥积极作用。     

临床药师参与一例肾功能不全合并肺部感染患者使用抗生素的用药分析

目的：对1例肾功能不全合并肺部感染患者用药情况进行合理性分析,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法临床药师参与1例肾功能不全合并肺部感染抗感染治疗,根据患者肾功能估算调整抗菌药物剂量,并提出药学监护要点。结果患者经抗感染治疗后,感染控制。结论肾功能不全合并感染患者使用抗菌药物应根据患者肾功能情况使用抗菌药物,减少不良反应的发生。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.