毛茛甙的抗诱变作用及代谢转化

研究表明,毛茛甙可显著抑制MMC和MMS等诱变剂对沙门氏菌TA₁₀₀和TA102回复突变作用;对MMC诱发的小鼠PEC徽核抑制率达56.5%。代谢研究表明:毛茛甙抑制DNA生物合成的作用可被肝微粒体酶和胞浆液分别降低46和12%;RP-HPLC测定显示,体外毛茛甙可被肝微粒代谢转化。     

毛茛甙体外细胞毒活性及其机制

研究表明,毛茛甙对KB细胞、Bel_(7402)细胞的IC_(50)分别为0.21和0.35 μmol/L;对细胞大分子物质的生物合成以抑制DNA合成最强(IC_(50)=0.35μmol/L)。作用机制研究表明,至少有两种机制参与毛茛甙的体外细胞毒作用:抑制DNA聚合酶作用下的DNA合成;促进超氧阴离子自由基的生成。     

毛茛甙体外细胞毒活性及其机制

研究表明,毛茛甙对KB细胞、Bel₇₄₀₂细胞的IC₅₀分别为0.21和0.35 μmol/L;对细胞大分子物质的生物合成以抑制DNA合成最强(IC₅₀=0.35μmol/L)。作用机制研究表明,至少有两种机制参与毛茛甙的体外细胞毒作用:抑制DNA聚合酶作用下的DNA合成;促进超氧阴离子自由基的生成。     

糠醛对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA（his^—）的回复诱变作用

糠醛(C_4H_3OCHO)为具有芳香气味的油状液体,广泛用于化工工业。我室前期研究表明,糠醛属于中等毒性物质,具有使染色体断裂作用。Zdzienicka等报道糠醛对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA_(100)有回复突变作用。为弄清糠醛的毒作用及其特点,本研究采用由TA_(97),TA_(98),TA_(100)和TA_(102)四个菌株组成的新测试菌株组,对糠醛的回复突变作用进行进一步研究。     

毛茛甙全合成的研究

本文报道用天然D-甘露醇为原料,合成了天然(-)毛茛甙。用NaIO_4或Pb(OAc)_4氧化1,2;5,6-二缩丙酮甘露醇(3),得到所需的2,3-缩丙酮-D-甘油醛(4)。经Wittig反应得到以顺式异构体(7)为主的产物。考察了不同溶剂对该反应立体化学的影响。建立了测定及分离顺、反异构体的方法。7在酸催化下水解并环合得光活的毛茛甙元(8),8与溴代乙酰葡萄糖缩合,再经阳离子交换树脂催化水解除去乙酰保护基,完成了天然毛茛甙立体选择性合成。从原料甘露醇经各中间产物均按重结晶产品计算,总收率达15%。     

淫羊藿苷联合丝裂霉素对肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的通过将淫羊藿苷(ICA)联合丝裂霉素(MMC)联合作用肝癌HepG2细胞的实验研究,探讨联合药物对HepG2细胞增殖的抑制作用及其可能的机制。方法 MTT法检测不同浓度ICA、MMC或两药联合处理48 h后及未处理组HepG2细胞的增殖活性,通过两药相互作用系数CDI评价两种药物的相互作用性质;RT-PCR检测药物处理后HepG2细胞内凋亡抑制蛋白质FLIP mRNA水平的变化。结果单独ICA或MMC处理后,均可抑制HepG2细胞的增殖,其抑制率随着药物剂量增加而增强(P<0.05),呈剂量依赖性;两药联合应用对HepG2细胞增殖的抑制作用明显,其抑制率呈剂量依赖性(P<0.01),且两药作用具有协同效应(CDI<1);与未处理组相比,ICA或MMC处理后HepG2细胞内FLIP mRNA水平降低,尤其以联合药物处理组降低更加显著(P<0.001)。结论 ICA与MMC联用可在体外抑制肝癌细胞的增殖,两药具有协同效应,其抑制机制可能通过抑制凋亡抑制蛋白FLIP的表达,从而增加癌细胞的凋亡而实现的。     

原白头翁脑亚硫酸氢钠加成物的研究

原白头翁脑(Protoanemonin)广泛存在于毛茛科植物毛茛、茴茴蒜之中;原白头翁脑曾用于治疗关节炎、哮喘、肝炎等,且有广谱抗菌作用。我院肿瘤科用于治疗癌症有一定效果但,原白头翁脑刺激性大、不稳定,且易聚合而失败;而原白头翁脑的前体物毛茛甙经临床试用,对肺癌等有效,其抗癌活性亦为药理实验证实。毛茛甙虽克服了原白头翁脑刺激性大和不稳定的缺点,但用量较大;为此,笔者制备了原白头翁脑的亚硫酸氢钠加成物(以下简称加     

丝裂霉素C在体外和体内对大鼠肝脏CYP2D1/2,CYP2C11和CYP1A2活性的影响

目的研究丝裂霉素C(MMC)在体外和体内对大鼠肝脏CYP2D1/2,CYP2C11和CYP1A2活性的影响。方法用诱导剂和抑制剂分别在体内和体外调节大鼠肝脏P450同工酶活性，并用HPLC检测3种同工酶各自底物的特定代谢产物，以计算同工酶活性。结果在体外, MMC可以使地塞米松诱导的大鼠肝脏微粒体CYP2D1/2,CYP2C11和CYP1A2活性分别抑制(19±6)%(P<0.05),(85±10)％(P<0.01)和(36±6)%(P<0.05)，并使β-萘黄酮诱导的CYP1A2活性降低(58±6)%(P<0.01)。在体内，以20% LD₅₀的剂量连续3 d或6 d腹腔注射MMC 对大鼠肝脏CYP2D1/2，CYP2C11和CYP1A2活性的影响无统计学差异。结论在体外MMC可以抑制大鼠肝微粒体CYP2D1/2，CYP2C11和CYP1A2的活性，但在体内对这3种细胞色素P450同工酶活性的影响无统计学差异。     

丝裂霉素联合塞来昔布对膀胱癌T24细胞增殖的影响研究

目的:研究体外丝裂霉素(MMC)联合塞来昔布对浅表性膀胱癌T24细胞增殖的影响及其可能机制。方法:体外培养浅表性膀胱癌T24细胞,分为MMC[0(对照组)、2、5、10、25、50μmol/L]组及其与塞来昔布(50μmol/L)混合组,每个浓度5个复孔,采用MTT法检测作用24h后细胞的增殖抑制率。采用免疫组化法、实时定量聚合酶链式反应法、酶联免疫吸附测定法检测对照组、MMC(50μmol/L)组和混合[塞来昔布+MMC(50μmol/L)]组作用48h细胞中Bcl-2蛋白、作用24h细胞血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)mRNA的表达及作用96h内VEGF蛋白浓度。结果:MMC能明显抑制细胞增殖(P<0.05),且呈浓度依赖性;塞来昔布能明显增强MMC对细胞的增殖抑制作用(P<0.05);与对照组比较,MMC组和塞来昔布+MMC组细胞中Bcl-2蛋白、VEGF mRNA表达均明显降低(P<0.05),且后2组组间比较有统计学差异(P<0.05);塞来昔布+MMC组细胞中VEGF蛋白浓度随作用时间延长明显降低(P<0.01)。结论:塞来昔布可协同增强MMC抑制T24细胞增殖的作用,其机制可能与降低Bcl-2、VEGFmRNA表达水平和抑制细胞分泌VEGF蛋白作用有关。     

云芝胞外多糖的致突变性

<正> 云芝胞外多糖(Extracellular polysaccharides of polystictus)系杂色云芝菌深层培养后,从菌丝体中提取的具有生物活性的蛋白多糖物质。经实验和临床研究证明,有抑瘤、保肝、提高网状内皮系统吞噬能力以及提高机体抗感染力和免疫力等作用。本文进一步研究其致突变性。 1.Ames试验:采用TA_(97),TA_(98),TA_(100)和TA_(102)四个菌株,按Ames常规方法进行。结果在点试法和加与不加 S_9的平板参入法试验中,受试物各剂量组(0,2,20,500,5000μg/皿) 回变数均未超过阴性对照自发回变数的2倍。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.