护理干预对膀胱癌术后患者生存质量和幸福感的影响

目的通过分析探讨护理干预对膀胱癌术后患者生存质量和幸福感的影响,评价其应用价值。方法选取我院泌尿外科2012年8月至2014年8月接收进行手术治疗的80例膀胱癌患者作为护理研究对象,根据术后护理方式的不同随机均分为对照组与观察组,对照组40例患者膀胱癌手术后进行常规药物治疗与护理,观察组40例患者手术后在对照组的基础上从医院护理、社区护理和家庭护理三方面加强护理干预措施,观察对比两组患者治疗护理效果,主要对比项目为两组患者护理前后的生存质量评分与幸福感评分。患者生存质量评定采用世界卫生组织制定的生存质量评定表(WHO-QOL-100),患者的主观幸福感评定采用纽芬兰纪念大学制定的幸福感评定表(MUNSH)。结果两组患者护理前后的生存质量评分与主观幸福感评分差异明显,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组膀胱癌术后患者经过医院、社区以及家庭护理干预,患者的生存质量评分与主观幸福感评分均高于对照组,差异明显,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论膀胱癌患者术后护理中,在常规药物治疗与护理的基础上,从医院护理、社区护理和家庭护理三个方面加强护理干预措施,可以保证患者术后的康复休养效果,可以有效提升患者生存质量与主观幸福感,因此具有推广应用的价值。     

基于个体的延续护理影响胃癌患者自我效能及生存质量的研究

目的 研究以个体为基础的延续性护理在胃癌患者术后的应用对其自我效能和生存质量的影响.方法 抽选出2013年12月至2015年12月我院收入院治疗的92例胃癌患者进行研究,根据随机数字表法按照1∶1的比例分为观察组和对照组.两组患者在住院期间均接受同样的护理干预,观察组出院后以个体为中心进行延续护理.随访3个月,比较两组的自我效能、生存质量、心理韧性评分以及治疗功能共性评分.结果 延续护理实施3个月后,观察组患者症状管理和疾病共性管理自我效能评分、总自我效能感明显优于对照组;心理韧性评分和生存质量评分显著升高;治疗功能共性评分指标:功能状况、情感状态、社会/家庭状况、生理状况评分均较对照组高,组间进行比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 基于个体的延续护理根据患者自身特点制定护理方案,更具有针对性,护理更贴近患者需求;同时显著提高患者自我效能,帮助提高出院后的生存质量,提高心理韧性,促进疗效,临床应用前景广阔.     

自我效能干预法对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者生存质量的影响

目的:探讨自我效能干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者生存质量的影响.方法:选择COPD患者72例,分为对照组和干预组各36例.分别给予常规护理及历时4周的自我效能训练.应用自我效能量表及SF-36量表评估干预前后自我效能及健康相关生存质量.结果:COPD患者自我效能感多为中低水平,干预4周后干预组自我效能、躯体功能、社会功能及情绪角色评分均高于对照组(P<0.05).结论:通过COPD患者自我效能训练,可有效提升COPD患者生存质量.     

基于自我效能护理干预对于胸肺肿瘤术后患者生存质量的影响

目的观察自我效能护理干预对于胸肺肿瘤术后患者的生存质量所产生的影响。方法选取本院收治的胸肺肿瘤术后患者100例作为研究对象,将患者随机分为常规组和干预组,为常规组患者应用常规护理方法,干预组患者在常规组患者护理基础之上,应用自我效能护理干预。对比两组患者护理后焦虑情况、抑郁情况以及生存质量情况。结果干预组患者的焦虑情绪和抑郁情绪均明显优于常规组患者,组间比较,P<0.05。并且干预组患者生存质量明显优于常规组患者,两组对比,P<0.05。结论为胸肺肿瘤术后患者应用自我效能护理干预,能够有效改善患者的焦虑情绪和抑郁情绪,提升患者的生存质量。     

护理干预对膀胱癌术后患者生存质量和幸福感的影响观察

目的:探讨并分析护理干预对膀胱癌术后患者生存质量和幸福感的影响。方法:选取本院60例膀胱癌患者,选取时间范围为2015.5.22到2018.5.22。将其依据随机数字表法原则分2组,对照组(30例),观察组(30例),对照组实施常规的治疗与护理,观察组在此基础上实施系统化护理干预。结果:观察组患者的生存质量评分以及主观幸福感评分均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:护理干预有效的提升了膀胱癌术后患者生存质量和主观幸福感的     

康复期精神分裂症患者自我管理能力训练对自我效能的影响

目的 探讨康复期精神分裂症患者自我管理能力训练对其自我效能的影响.方法 将我院精神科120例康复期精神分裂症患者随机分为对照组和实验组各60例,对照组采用精神科常规护理,实验组实施自我管理能力训练,包括日常生活能力训练、疾病的自我管理能力训练、社交基本技能训练及应对不良情绪能力训练四个方面进行护理干预,为期12周.结果 采用一般自我效能感量表（GSES）评定,对两组患者的自我效能进行比较,实验组患者自我效能显著提高,对照组无明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 自我管理能力训练能有效提高康复期精神分裂症患者自我效能,对提高精神分裂症患者的治疗依从性,减少复发率,提高生活质量有一定的意义.     

延续护理对永久性肠造口患者生存质量及并发症的影响

目的探讨延续护理干预对直肠癌术后永久性肠造口患者生存质量及预后的影响。方法选取接受永久性肠造口的直肠癌患者128例,随机分为干预组和对照组。干预组患者出院后接受延续护理,对照组只接受常规出院护理指导。比较两组患者出院6个月后造口自我护理能力及造口相关知识掌握程度、生存质量及肠造口并发症的差异。结果干预组患者出院6个月后在造口自我护理能力、造口相关知识掌握程度、生存质量均高于对照组(P<0.05),肠造口并发症的总发生率低于对照组(P<0.01),术后随访6个月两组患者累积无造口不良事件生存率差异有统计学意义(91.9%vs 63.8%,P=0.001)。结论延续护理干预可促进永久性肠造口患者掌握造口护理知识、提升自我护理能力,提高患者的生存质量并减少肠造口并发症的发生,是行之有效的干预方法。     

健康信念模式教育提高老年高血压病患者自我护理能力和生存质量的效果研究

目的 探讨健康信念模式教育对老年高血压病患者自我护理能力和生存质量的远期康复效果.方法 将100 例住院老年高血压病患者随机分为观察组（52 例）和对照组（48 例）,住院期间2组均按常规治疗,观察组在药物治疗的同时根据健康信念模式对患者进行有针对性的健康教育,时间为4 周;对照组仅行常规健康教育,2组患者出院后均给予家庭随访,时间为6个月.干预前（入院时）和干预后（随访结束后）,采用自我护理能力评定量表（ESCA）和生存质量健康问卷（SF-36）比较2组患者自我管理能力和生存质量的差异.结果 干预后,2组ESCA和SF-36评分较干预前比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01和P＜0.05）;且干预后观察组ESCA 和SF-36评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 健康信念模式教育能帮助老年高血压病患者提高自我护理能力和生存质量,有助于患者身心康复.     

聚焦解决模式护理在颈椎病患者术后中的应用及对其生活质量、自护能力的影响

目的 探讨聚焦解决模式护理在颈椎病患者术后中的应用及对其生活质量、自护能力的影响。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年12月期间在南平市第二医院接受颈椎手术的58例颈椎病患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组29例。对照组接受常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上联合聚焦解决模式护理,比较两组患者术后生活质量和自护能力。结果 观察组出院后6个月的生理、心理、躯体疼痛、社会适应等生活质量评分均高于对照组（P <0.05）;观察组出院后6个月的自我护理技能、自我责任感、自我概念和健康知识水平等评分,均高于对照组（P <0.05）。结论 聚焦解决模式护理在颈椎病患者术后护理中具有积极的应用效果,能够改善患者的生活质量和自护能力。     

人性化护理对老年慢性阻塞性肺病患者自我护理能力和生存质量的影响效果

目的探讨研究人性化护理干预对老年慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者自我护理能力和生存质量的影响效果。方法收集本科室收治且自愿参与的112例老年COPD患者的临床资料,随机将患者分成两组,对照组56例采用常规护理,观察组56例进行人性化护理干预,比较分析两种护理模式对两组患者护理干预后的观察指标。结果观察组56例患者的自我护理能力与生存质量同对照组相比都有明显的提升,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对老年COPD患者实施人性化护理不但能改善患者自我护理状况,还能提高患者的生存质量,这种人性化的护理模式值得临床推广。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.