景天止痛膏质量标准研究

目的 修订景天止痛膏质量标准中的测定方法。方法 采用薄层色谱法（TLC）对当归、川芎、元胡、三七总皂苷进行定性鉴别,应用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定制剂中三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Rb₁的含量。结果 TLC法鉴别专属性强,分离度好;三七皂苷R₁在0.1604～2.0050μg (r=0.999)、人参皂苷Rg₁在0.8003～10.0035μg (r=1.000)、人参皂苷Rb₁在0.6182～7.7275μg (r=1.000) 范围内呈良好的线性关系,加样回收率分别为101. 43% 、98.75% 、100. 95% ,相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为2.56% 、2.71% 、2.75%。结论 本方法准确可靠、灵敏度高,可用于景天止痛膏的质量控制。     

复方黑参颗粒质量标准研究

目的 建立复方黑参颗粒的质量标准。方法 采用TLC法对复方黑参颗粒中玄参和射干进行定性鉴别,应用HPLC法同时测定肉桂酸、射干苷和次野鸢尾黄素的含量,色谱柱为Kromasil C₁₈柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为乙腈（A）-0.1%磷酸（B）水溶液,进行梯度洗脱;柱温30℃,检测波长270 nm;流速1.0 ml/min。结果 采用TLC法对玄参和射干进行定性鉴别具有良好的专属性,阴性对照无干扰。肉桂酸、射干苷、次野鸢尾黄素分别在16.22~113.57 μg/ml（r=0.999 8）、48.19~337.34 μg/ml（r=0.999 8）、16.40~114.80 μg/ml（r=0.999 9）范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为99.23%、98.82%、99.17%。结论 本实验建立的方法快速、简便、重复性好,可用于复方黑参颗粒的质量标准控制。     

康咳灵合剂质量标准研究

目的 建立康咳灵合剂的质量标准。方法 采用薄层色谱法（TLC）对矮地茶、百部进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定岩白菜素的含量。色谱柱为Lichrospher C₁₈柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）;流动相：甲醇-水（20：80）;检测波长：275 nm;柱温：30℃;流速：1 ml/min。结果 TLC法能准确鉴别矮地茶和百部,斑点清晰;岩白菜素在0.064 8~0.648 μg（r=0.9998）范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率100.24%（RSD为1.9%,n=6）。结论 本实验建立的方法简便、专属性高、重复性好,结果准确可靠,可用于康咳灵合剂的质量控制。     

复方生化颗粒的定性鉴别和含量测定研究

目的 提高复方生化颗粒的质量标准。方法 采用薄层色谱（TLC）法对处方中的甘草、丹参进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法鉴别苦杏仁苷;采用HPLC法测定处方中的丹酚酸B含量,色谱柱为Agilent HC-C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸（23：77）,流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为286 nm,柱温为30 ℃。结果 TLC斑点清晰,分离度较好,专属性强,阴性对照无干扰;HPLC法定性鉴别更加准确、可靠与客观;丹酚酸B在1.56~49.92 μg/ml范围内浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率为100.07%,RSD为1.61%（n=9）。结论 建立的方法准确、可靠,重复性好,可用于复方生化颗粒的质量控制。     

清眩软胶囊的质量控制研究

目的 建立清眩软胶囊的定性鉴别和定量测定方法。方法 采用TLC法对本方中的川芎、荆芥穗和薄荷进行定性鉴别;采用HPLC法对方中主要成分欧前胡素进行测定。Agilent C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;以乙腈-水（42.5：57.5）为流动相;检测波长300 nm,柱温为35℃,体积流量为1.5 mL/min。结果 薄层色谱斑点清晰,阴性样品无干扰。欧前胡素在1.09～54.55 μg/mL与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为97.0%,RSD值为0.77%（n=6）。结论 所建立的定性和定量方法结果可靠、准确,重现性好,无干扰,可用于清眩软胶囊的质量控制。     

乌金胶囊的质量标准研究

目的 建立乌金胶囊的质量控制方法。方法 采用薄层色谱（TLC）法对乌金胶囊中的臣药郁金和使药山楂进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测（HPLC-ELSD）法测定乌金胶囊中通关藤苷H的含量,色谱柱：Waters Xbridge C₁₈柱（100 mm×3.0 mm,3.5 μm）,柱温：35 ℃,流动相为水-乙腈（50：50）,等度洗脱;流速为0.8 ml/min;采用ELSD检测器进行检测,蒸发器温度：35 ℃,雾化器温度：60 ℃,氮气流速：1.50 L/min,运行时间：5 min。结果 TLC法鉴别郁金、山楂,色谱斑点清晰,阴性样品无干扰;通关藤苷H出峰时间为2.98 min,且在11.60~580.00 μg/ml范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 0）,加样回收率为101.54%。结论 本实验建立的TLC法鉴别郁金、山楂,操作步骤简单;建立的HPLC-ELSD联用方法专属性强,灵敏度高,重复性好,可作为乌金胶囊质量控制的方法。     

纯阳正气胶囊挥发油的质量标准研究

目的 建立纯阳正气胶囊挥发油的质控方法。方法 采用GC法建立挥发油的特征图谱,并测定桂皮醛与丁香酚的含量。结果 15批样品中确定了19个共有峰,指认了峰的归属,选取了9个特征峰建立了特征图谱。桂皮醛与丁香酚分别在0.522～1.565 mg/ml（r=0.9994）和3.038～9.115 mg/ml（r=0.9997）范围内线性良好,平均回收率分别为97.1%和97.3%,RSD分别为1.5%、1.4%。结论 所建立的GC特征图谱及含量测定方法可从定性和定量两方面控制纯阳正气胶囊挥发油的质量,方法准确、可行,可作为纯阳正气胶囊挥发油的质量控制方法。     

百部止咳糖浆的质量标准研究

目的 建立百部止咳糖浆的质量标准。方法 采用TLC法对百部、桔梗进行定性鉴别;采用HPLC法对橘红的有效成分橙皮苷进行定量测定,采用Waters Symmetry C₁₈柱,流动相为乙腈-水（18：82）,检测波长为284 nm。结果 薄层色谱斑点清晰,阴性样品无干扰。橙皮苷在0.066 9~1.672 5 μg范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率为96.6%。结论 本实验建立的方法简便、重复性好,可作为百部止咳糖浆的质量控制标准。     

复方独胜软膏质量标准的建立

摘 要 目的： 建立复方独胜软膏质量标准。 方法: 采用TLC法对复方独胜软膏中当归、桂枝进行定性鉴别;用HPLC法对制剂中桂皮醛进行含量测定。结果:定性鉴别分离度较好,专属性强;桂皮醛的含量测定线性范围为5.025～50.255　μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率为98.92%,RSD=1.64%（n=9）。结论: 所建立方法准确可靠,灵敏度高,专属性强,能有效控制复方独胜软膏的质量。     

HPLC 法同时测定陈香露白露片中7个成分的含量

目的 构建同步测定陈香露白露片中甘草苷、甘草酸铵、橙皮苷、川陈皮素、橘皮素、木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯含量的HPLC法。方法 采用ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml/min,柱温35 ℃,检测波长237 nm（检测甘草苷、甘草酸铵、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯）、283 nm（检测橙皮苷）、330 nm（检测川陈皮素、橘皮素）,进样量10 μl,对采集的16批次样品进行7种成分的含量检测。结果 甘草苷、橙皮苷、甘草酸铵、川陈皮素、橘皮素、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯的线性范围分别为1.110~55.72（r=0.9992）、22.15~1108（r=0.9995）、6.140~307.2（r=0.9995）、1.130~56.25（r=0.9997）、0.3700~18.75（r=0.9982）、0.5200~26.01（r=0.9991）、1.180~58.95（r=0.9999）μg/ml。回收率（n=9）分别为98.71%、98.12%、98.44%、98.22%、99.17%、99.18%、97.93%,RSD分别为0.16%、0.67%、0.57 %、0.62%、0.48%、0.56%、0.58%。16批样品中甘草苷、甘草酸铵、橙皮苷、川陈皮素、橘皮素、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯的含量分别为0.1250~1.174、2.354~7.426、1.822~27.21、0.0370~1.399、0.0723~0.4433、0.0140~0.1990、0.2207~1.407 mg/g。结论 该方法准确性高、重复性好、耐用性强,可用于陈香露白露片的质量控制和评价。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.