基于细胞代谢组学的柴胡皂苷b2对皮质酮诱导PC12细胞损伤的保护作用研究

目的 研究柴胡皂苷b2(SSb2)对皮质酮(CORT)诱导PC12细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法 (1)将细胞分为细胞对照组(RPMI-1640培养基培养24 h),CORT(100～800μmol·L^-1孵育24 h)组和SSb2(1.5625,3.125,6.25,12.5,25,50和100μmol·L^-1孵育24 h)组,MTT法检测细胞存活率。(2)将细胞分为细胞对照组(RPMI-1640培养基培养24 h),模型组(CORT 400μmol·L^-1孵育24 h)和模型+SSb2组(SSb2 1.5625,3.125,6.25,12.5和25μmol·L^-1预处理3 h,去上清,然后加入CORT 400μmol·L^-1及对应浓度SSb2共孵育24 h)。MTT法检测细胞存活率,微板法检测PC12细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放率。(3)将细胞分为细胞对照组、模型组和模型+SSb2 12.5μmol·L^-1组,采用AnnexinV-FITC/PI流式...     

姜黄素通过上调miR-34a抑制人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞的恶性生物学行为

目的 探讨姜黄素对人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞恶性生物行为的影响及其可能作用机制。方法 CCK8法检测姜黄素(0、6.25、12.5、25、50和100μmol·L^-1)作用下细胞活力并筛选出后续姜黄素处理浓度(0、6.25、12.5、25μmol·L^-1),流式细胞法、划痕实验、Transwell实验和Western blot分别检测细胞凋亡、迁移、侵袭及相关蛋白水平。使用qRT-PCR法检测SH-SY5Y细胞miR-34a表达水平,构架miR-34a低表达SH-SY5Y细胞系(miR-34a inhibitor组)及其阴性对照(NC组)、对照组(Control组),三组细胞系均给予姜黄素(25μmol·L^-1)处理分别记为黄素+miR-34a inhibitor组、姜黄素+NC组、姜黄素组,另设置空白对照组,采用上述相同方法检测各组细胞凋亡、迁移、侵袭及相关蛋白水平和p-p65、p-IκBα蛋白水平。结果 当姜黄素干预浓度达到12.5μmol·L^-1时,SH-SY5Y细胞存活率显著低于无姜黄...     

红景天苷通过AKT/mTOR信号通路对结肠癌细胞SW480增殖、凋亡和裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响

目的 探究红景天苷(salidroside, SAL)对结肠癌细胞SW480增殖、凋亡和裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响。方法 采用0、25、50、100μmol·L^-1剂量红景天苷处理SW480细胞,将细胞随机分为4组：SAL 0μmol·L^-1组、SAL 25μmol·L^-1组、SAL 50μmol·L^-1组和SAL 100μmol·L^-1组。克隆形成实验检测细胞克隆形成率;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;Western blot检测Ki67、PCNA、Caspase-3、Caspase-9、PI3K、p-PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、mTOR、p-mTOR蛋白表达水平。建立结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,裸鼠随机分为2组：Control组和Salidroside 50 mg·kg^-1组,检测裸鼠肿瘤重量,TUNEL染色检测裸鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡率,免疫组化染色检测Ki67、Caspase-3阳性细胞数。结果 体外实验中,与SAL 0μmol·L^-1组相比较,SAL...     

阿帕替尼联合阿霉素对外周T细胞淋巴瘤的抑制作用及机制研究

目的探讨抗血管生成药物阿帕替尼与常用化疗药物阿霉素联合应用对外周T细胞淋巴瘤Hut78细胞株的抑制作用以及相关分子作用机制,为开发外周T细胞淋巴瘤治疗新方法提供实验依据。方法将Hut78细胞分为不同浓度药物处理组:阿帕替尼单药(10、20、40、60μmol·L^-1)、阿霉素单药(1、2、4μmol·L^-1)、阿帕替尼+阿霉素[(40+1)μmol·L^-1、(40+2)μmol·L^-1、(60+1)μmol·L^-1、(60+2)μmol·L^-1],分别作用72 h,采用CCK-8法检测药物对细胞的增殖抑制作用。采用流式细胞术检测不同浓度药物处理组{阿帕替尼单药(40μmol·L^-1)、阿霉素单药(1、2μmol·L^-1)、阿帕替尼+阿霉素[(40+1)μmol·L^-1、(40+2)μmol·L^-1]}作用24 h后对Hut78细胞凋亡的影响。采用流式细胞术检测不同浓度阿帕替尼(10、20、40μmol·L^-1)作用24 h后对Hut78细胞周期的影响。采用蛋白印迹法检测不同浓度药物处理组{阿帕替尼单药(40μmol·L^-1)、阿霉素单药(1、2μmol·L^-1)、阿帕替尼+阿霉素[(40+1)μmol·L^-1、(40+2)μmol·L^-1]}作用24 h后,Hut78细胞中PI3K/Akt信号转导通路相关蛋白PI3K、p-PI3K、Akt、p-Akt及凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Casepase-3、Bax的表达变化。结果不同浓度(10、20、40、60μmol·L^-1)的阿帕替尼作用72 h后,细胞抑制率分别为(13.42±2.19)%、(19.52±4.16)%、(31.49±3.16)%、(52.88±3.37)%,72 h的IC₅₀值为(59.34±0.31)μmol·L^-1,各药物处理组与对照组两两比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ²=10.116,P=0.018);不同浓度(1、2、4μmol·L^-1)的阿霉素分别作用72 h后,细胞抑制率分别为(15.82±3.23)%、(31.70±4.79)%、(42.34±5.23)%,72 h的IC₅₀值为(5.52±0.18)μmol·L^-1,各药物处理组与对照组两两比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ²=10.532,P=0.015);阿帕替尼+阿霉素[(40+1)μmol·L^-1、(40+2)μmol·L^-1、(60+1)μmol·L^-1、(60+2)μmol·L^-1]作用72 h的细胞抑制率分别为(51.70±2.09)%、(56.62±4.83)%、(61.35±1.79)%、(65.13±3.88)%。两药的联合指数(CI)<1,说明二者具有药物协同作用。阿帕替尼单药(40μmol·L^-1)、阿霉素单药(1、2μmol·L^-1)作用24 h的细胞凋亡率分别为(15.65±0.75)%、(13.85±2.15)%、(23.60±1.30)%,阿帕替尼+阿霉素[(40+1)μmol·L^-1、(40+2)μmol·L^-1]作用24h的细胞凋亡率分别为(27.00±1.90)%、(33.20±2.30)%,各药物处理组与对照组[(6.10±0.90)%]比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=16.251,P=0.006)。不同浓度(10、20、40μmol·L^-1)的阿帕替尼作用24 h后,G₀/G₁期细胞比例随浓度升高而升高[(49.27±0.45)%、(50.34±1.24)%、(59.16±1.23)%],S期细胞比例随浓度升高而降低[(42.81±2.22)%、(39.19±2.71)%、(34.08±1.01)%],各药物处理组与空白对照组[G₀/G₁期(39.26±0.65)%,S期(49.40±2.52)%]比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。阿帕替尼单药(40μmol·L^-1)、阿霉素单药(1、2μmol·L^-1)以及阿帕替尼+阿霉素[(40+1)μmol·L^-1、(40+2)μmol·L^-1]作用24 h后,PI3K/Akt信号通路相关蛋白PI3K、p-PI3K、p-Akt和抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达水平呈下降趋势,促凋亡蛋白Casepase-3和Bax的表达水平呈上升趋势,Akt蛋白的表达水平无明显变化,各药物处理组p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、Bcl-2、Casepase-3及Bax蛋白表达水平与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论阿帕替尼可抑制外周T细胞淋巴瘤细胞的增殖并诱导其凋亡,同时具有细胞周期阻滞作用,其作用可能是通过抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路激活实现的。阿帕替尼联合阿霉素对外周T细胞淋巴瘤细胞具有协同抑制作用。     

前处理方法和外源性物质对含β-HgS药物中甲基汞检测假阳性结果的影响研究

目的:探索前处理方法和外源性物质对药物中β-硫化汞(β-Hg S)转化为甲基汞带来的影浓度、物理浸萃前处理手段和外源性物质对β-Hg S转化为甲基汞的影响,采用高效液相色谱与冷蒸气-原子荧光光谱法(HPLC-CV-AFS)在线耦合测定甲基汞。色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.06 mol·L^-1乙酸铵溶液(含0.1%L-半胱氨酸)(5∶95)为流动相,流速1 mL·L^-1,进样体积100μL,检测波长254 nm。结果:15 mgβ-Hg S经超纯水前处理后,测得甲基汞浓度低于检测下限;经5 mol·L^-1盐酸或25%氢氧化钾-甲醇溶液分别前处理后,发现有β-Hg S转化为甲基汞,甲基汞质量浓度为(0.63±0.01)μg·L^-1和(2.32±0.07)μg·L^-1,占可溶性汞的比值分别为0.067%和1.162%;β-Hg S经加热法前处理后,转化甲基汞质量浓度为(0.71±0.03)μg·L^-1,显著高于振荡法[(0.52±0.02)μg·L^-1]和超声法[(0.61±0.01)μg·L^-1],3种物理浸萃方法的甲基汞占可溶出汞比值无显著性差异,分别为0.059%、0.061%和0.062%;盐酸浓度为0.5~5.0 mol·L^-1时,测得甲基汞质量浓度为(0.52±0.02)~(0.63±0.04)μg·L^-1(占可溶性汞的比值为0.454%~0.069%),8 mol·L^-1盐酸浓度下甲基汞的浓度显著升高为(1.50±0.08)μg·L^-1(占可溶性汞的比值为0.018%);与β-Hg S对照组[甲基汞浓度(0.64±0.02)μg·L^-1,占可溶性汞的比值为0.069%]相比,加入纤维素和植物混合组分后甲基汞浓度为(0.76±0.03)μg·L^-1和(1.44±0.07)μg·L^-1,占可溶性汞的比值分别为0.070%和0.114%。结论:本研究表明,当样品中存在较高含量β-Hg S(≥15 mg)时,在5 mol·L^-1盐酸或25%氢氧化钾-甲醇溶液做前处理溶剂的条件下,β-Hg S经前处理后会转化为甲基汞,转化的甲基汞浓度与酸浓度呈正相关,加热能够促进甲基化的发生,某些外源性物质如纤维素等可促进高含量β-Hg S样品转化为甲基汞。     

UHPLC-MS/MS法测定人尿液中2,4-二氨基-N10-甲基蝶酸浓度的不确定度评定

目的 对人尿液中2,4-二氨基-N¹⁰-甲基蝶酸（DAMPA）浓度的超高效液相色谱质谱联用（UHPLC-MS/MS）定量分析方法的测量不确定度进行评定。方法 通过对人尿液中DAMPA浓度测定方法分析,考察不确定度来源,应用已建立的该方法学数据计算不确定度。结果 人尿液中DAMPA低浓度0.06μmol·L^-1及高浓度3μmol·L^-1质控样品的扩展不确定度分别为6.9×10^-3 μmol·L^-1和0.21μmol·L^-1（P=95%,k=2）。结论 UHPLC-MS/MS法测定人尿液中DAMPA浓度的不确定度主要由低浓度质控样品校正曲线拟合,基质效应和回收率引入。     

伊布替尼联合BH3拟似物ABT737协同抗肿瘤作用及机制

目的 研究伊布替尼联合BH3拟似物ABT737的协同抗实体肿瘤作用及机制。方法 以2种类型实体肿瘤细胞,人非小细胞肺癌细胞株A549、H1299和人脑胶质瘤细胞U251、U87为对象,采用SRB法检测不同浓度伊布替尼(20,15,10,7.5,5μmol·L^-1)和BH3拟似物ABT737(20,15,10,7.5,5μmol·L^-1)单独或共同作用24 h后的细胞增殖情况,计算细胞存活率和合用指数;采用克隆形成试验检验10μmol·L^-1伊布替尼与10μmol·L^-1 ABT737联合作用120 h后的细胞克隆形成情况;成球试验检测两药联合作用7 d对细胞成球能力的影响;采用PI染色结合流式细胞术检测10μmol·L^-1伊布替尼与10μmol·L^-1 ABT737联用对U87和U251细胞凋亡的影响;RT-PCR检测两药联合作用24 h后对U87和U251细胞中干细胞标记物Sox2、Nanog和Oct4 mRNA水平影响;Western blotting...     

藁本内酯对帕金森病细胞模型的保护作用及其机制研究

目的 研究藁本内酯对帕金森病细胞模型的保护作用及其作用机制。方法 取对数生长期的SK-N-SH细胞使用200μmol·L^-1的MPP⁺处理48 h,构建帕金森病细胞模型；以正常培养基培养的细胞作为对照组。藁本内酯组加入终浓度为30.0μmol·L^-1藁本内酯进行培养；P79350组加入30.0μmol·L^-1的藁本内酯后，实验结束前1 h加入50μmol·L^-1的P79350处理细胞；对照组和MPP⁺组加入不含药物的培养基培养。用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)检测细胞活力；以流式细胞术检测细胞周期情况和细胞凋亡率；以蛋白质印迹法检测p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/c-Jun氨基末端激酶(p38 MAPK/JNK)信号通路和增殖、凋亡相关蛋白的表达水平。结果 对照组、MPP⁺组和10.0、20.0、30.0、50.0、100.0和200.0μmol·L^-1藁本内酯组的细胞存活率分别为(100.00±1.91)%、(35...     

橘红素预处理对过氧化氢诱导成骨细胞损伤的保护作用及机制

目的 研究橘红素预处理对过氧化氢(H₂O₂)诱导的成骨细胞氧化损伤的保护作用和机制。方法(1)酶消化法分离培养大鼠颅骨来源的原代成骨细胞,分别培养7和21 d后,采用碱性磷酸酶(AKP)染色和茜素红染色鉴定细胞。(2)橘红素5～40μmol·L^-1孵育成骨细胞48 h后,加H2O2300μmol·L^-11 h,采用CCK-8法测定细胞存活率,AKP试剂盒测定AKP活性。(3)培养的成骨细胞分为细胞对照组、模型组(H2O2300μmol·L^-1,孵育1 h)、模型+橘红素组(橘红素10μmol·L^-1预处理48 h后加H2O2300μmol·L^-1,1 h)。茜素红染色检测钙化结节数量,流式细胞术检测成骨细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性检测试剂盒检测SOD活性,Western印迹法检测成骨细胞转录因子(OSX)和骨保护素(OPG)蛋白表达水平。结果 (1) AKP染色成骨细胞细胞胞质呈蓝色,茜素红染色可见钙化结节...     

淫羊藿苷调控mTOR/Akt/CREB通路对高糖诱导的足细胞自噬及凋亡的影响

目的 探讨淫羊藿苷对高糖诱导的足细胞自噬、凋亡及哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)/丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶(Akt)/环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)通路的影响。方法 将小鼠足细胞MPC5分为5组：正常对照组(5.5 mmol·L^-1葡萄糖)、高糖组(30 mmol·L^-1葡萄糖)、淫羊藿苷组(30 mmol·L^-1葡萄糖+5μmol·L^-1淫羊藿苷)、GDC-0349组(30 mmol·L^-1葡萄糖+50μmol·L^-1 GDC-0349)、淫羊藿苷+GDC-0349组(30 mmol·L^-1葡萄糖+5μmol·L^-1淫羊藿苷+50μmol·L^-1 GDC-0349)。培养48 h后，噻唑蓝法检测MPC5细胞活力；吖啶橙染色观察MPC5细胞自噬情况；流式细胞术检测MPC5细胞凋亡；蛋白印迹法检测MPC5细胞自噬[微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)Ⅱ、LC3Ⅰ、自噬相关蛋白(Beclin-1...     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.