慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者用药分析及用药监护

目的：探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）的药物治疗方案及临床药师实施药学监护方法.方法：以2013年12月收治的1例AECOPD患者为例,临床药师结合最新的诊治指南,协助医师为AECOPD患者制订治疗方案并实施全程的药学监护.结果：临床药师通过实施药学监护,参与整个治疗过程,及时发现和解决了患者药物治疗的问题,为临床合理用药提供了意见.结论：临床药师对AECOPD患者实施药学监护工作,可以提高药物治疗效果,避免和减少药品不良反应/事件.     

1例神经外科术后感染患者的分级药学监护

目的 探讨临床药师参与术后感染患者抗感染治疗过程中的药学监护内容.HT5"H方法 临床药师从药物选择、相关疗效指标监测、不良反应监测等方面对1例术后合并颅内感染、肺部感染患者的治疗过程实施药学监护.结果 通过在抗茵药物治疗方案中对万古霉素的疗程及对其他药物提出合理建议,患者感染得到有效控制,生命体征平稳转院继续治疗.结论 临床药师参与患者抗感染治疗过程中个体化治疗方案的制订,开展分级药学监护,对促进药物治疗的有效性、减少或避免药品不良反应的发生,协助医生更好为患者提供药学服务.     

药物相关性肝衰竭患者使用糖皮质激素治疗1例的药学监护

目的探讨临床药师参与药物相关性肝衰竭患者药学监护模式及内容。方法通过参与1例药物相关性肝衰竭患者治疗过程,对治疗方案选择、不良反应监护、患者用药教育等方面开展药学监护工作。结果临床药师对患者实施药学监护,优化了治疗方案,提高合理用药水平,避免了因药物治疗对患者造成的潜在健康威胁。结论临床药师结合最新的循证证据,从治疗方案的选择、药品不良反应等方面开展药学监护,可提高特殊患者用药的安全性、有效性。     

1例脑梗死患者的药学监护

目的探索临床药师对脑梗死患者的药学监护方案。方法以脑梗死防治指南为依据,根据掌握的药学知识,临床药师对患者在住院期间的用药情况进行全程监护,重点针对药物选择的合理性和药品的不良反应及药物的相互作用,对患者进行具体化药学服务并制定个体化监护计划。结果I临床药师积极参与临床的治疗过程,指导临床用药,可减少药品不良反应及药物配伍禁忌的发生,规范临床合理用药,提高治疗水平。结论临床药师应针对具体患者,开展个体化的药学监护。     

1例重症支气管哮喘患者的药学监护

目的:探索临床药师对支气管哮喘患者的药学监护方案.方法:通过临床查房,掌握支气管哮喘的防治指南,根据掌握的药学知识,与临床医师共同制定治疗方案,对患者住院期间的用药进行全程监护,重点针对药物选择适宜性和药品不良反应以及药物的配伍,对患者进行具体化药学服务和制定个体化监护计划.结果与结论:临床药师积极参与临床的治疗过程,可减少药品不良反应和药物配伍禁忌的发生,提高患者的依从性,从安全性、经济性方面提高整个治疗的水平.     

临床药师参与重症化脓性脑膜炎治疗的实践

目的:探讨临床药师参与病人药物治疗方案设计的意义.方法:通过药学监护重症化脓性脑膜炎病人,了解临床药师参与实践的过程,配合医师为病人提供个体化药物治疗方案.结果:根据病人临床表现,多次更改治疗方案,最终找到合适的抗菌药物,使病人治愈出院.结论:临床药师参与病人药物治疗方案设计,可以协助医师进一步提高药物治疗的安全性和有效性.     

临床药师对1例开颅术后颅内感染患者实施药学监护的体会

目的:探讨临床药师参与抗感染治疗与开展药学监护的方法。方法:针对1例开颅术后颅内感染患者,临床药师从药物选择、给药剂量、疗程、不良反应监测等方面,为患者制订个体化治疗方案,并进行药学监护。结果:本次药学监护取得了明显效果,提高了药物治疗水平。结论:临床药师参与抗感染个体化治疗方案的制订、向患者提供药学服务、开展药学监护,可减少或避免药品不良反应的发生,提高药物治疗效果。     

1例临床药师参与的AECOPD老年患者用药分析

目的:通过对1例AECOPD老年患者的用药分析,介绍临床药师在常见疾病诊疗过程中发挥的药学作用。方法:对1例老年AECOPD患者用药过程建立药学监护,并进行治疗方案药物分析。结果:通过临床药师的参与,优化治疗方案。结论:临床药师对患者治疗过程建立药学监护,开展用药指导,避免治疗过程药品不良反应的发生。     

1例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的药学监护

目的 ：探讨临床药师对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者实施药学监护的作用。方法 ：临床药师通过临床查房,与医师共同制定个体化治疗方案,建立药历,重点针对药物选择适宜性和药品不良反应以及药物的相互作用,提出合理的药学监护措施及健康教育计划。结果：临床药师为患者实施药学监护可提高药物治疗效果,提高患者的依从性,减少用药风险。结论：临床药师参与临床的治疗过程,可促进临床合理用药,切实保障医疗质量安全。     

临床药师参与甲巯咪唑致胰岛素自身免疫综合征患者诊治的药学实践

目的探讨临床药师对罕见药品不良反应开展药学监护的方法。方法临床药师参与了甲巯咪唑致胰岛素自身免疫综合征患者诊治的全过程,结合相关文献报道,介绍临床药师开展药学服务的方法。结果临床药师可从识别药物不良反应,优化治疗方案和开展随访监测方面为胰岛素自身免疫综合征患者提供药学监护。结论临床药师开展药学监护可优化治疗方案,保障用药安全。     

卡马西平联用尼美舒利相关粒细胞缺乏症

1例78岁男性患者因带状疱疹神经痛、慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并感染,给予头孢唑肟钠（2.25 g静脉滴注,1次/d）、卡马西平（0.2 g口服,2次/d）、尼美舒利（100 mg口服,2次/d）、二羟丙茶碱（0.5 g静脉滴注,1次/d）、甲钴胺（0.5 mg口服,3次/d）、地塞米松（5 mg,静脉滴注1次）、盐酸哌替啶（25 mg,肌内注射1次）和盐酸布桂嗪（100 mg,肌内注射3次）等药物治疗。第7天,停用头孢唑肟钠,改为磷霉素钠（8 g静脉滴注,1次/d）。第11天,血常规检查示白细胞计数1.6×10^9/L,中性粒细胞0.03,中性粒细胞绝对值0.1×10^9/L,淋巴细胞绝对值0.9×10^9/L。立即停用所有药物,给予对症支持治疗。第15天,外周血白细胞计数0.9×10^9/L,中性粒细胞0.02,中性粒细胞绝对值0.1×10^9/L,淋巴细胞绝对值0.7×10^9/L。行骨髓穿刺检查,诊断为粒细胞缺乏症。第17天患者出现右肺气胸、肺不张。第20天出现急性呼吸衰竭、多脏器衰竭合并重症感染,经抢救无效死亡。     

颅脑损伤患者并发肺部感染的护理体会

目的：为了使并发肺部感染的病人更多、更好、更早的痊愈。方法：通过对32例颅脑外伤并发肺部感染病人的严密观察,采取更换体位、超声雾化、有效排痰训练等有效的护理措施干预,从而控制了肺部感染。结果：痊愈17例,占53.1%;显效12例,占37.5%,无效2例,占6.2%;死亡1例,占3.1%;实践证明,有效的护理干预对提高患者治疗成功率有着重要意义。     

Satisfaction with information and its relationship with adherence in patients with chronic pain

□ Due to the nature of chronic pain it would be expected that patients are highly adherent to their pain medication. However, results from this study have shown that 23 per cent of patients often or always avoid using their pain medication, 13.4 per cent often or always alter dosages, and 10.3 per cent often or always stop taking their medication for a while. This suggests intentional non‐adherence to pain medication □ Less than 50 per cent of respondents were satisfied with information provided on side effects, what to do if side effects occur, and possible interactions with other medication □ Patients' satisfaction with information about their medication was related to self‐reported adherence; greater satisfaction was associated with higher self‐reported adherence     

Genomic profiling associated with recurrence in patients with rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation

PURPOSE: Stage II and III adenocarcinoma of the rectum has an overall 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%, and tumor recurrence remains a major problem despite an improvement in local control through chemotherapy and radiation. The efficacy of chemoradiation therapy may be significantly compromised as a result of interindividual variations in clinical response and host toxicity. Therefore, it is imperative to identify those patients who will benefit from chemoradiation therapy and those who will develop recurrent disease. In this study, we tested whether a specific pattern of 21 polymorphisms in 18 genes involved in the critical pathways of cancer progression (i.e., drug metabolism, tumor microenvironment, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair) will predict the risk of tumor recurrence in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 90 patients with Stage II or III rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques for 21 polymorphisms. RESULTS: A polymorphism in interleukin (IL)-8 was individually associated with risk of recurrence. Classification and regression tree analysis of all polymorphisms and clinical variables developed a risk tree including the following variables: node status, IL-8, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, transforming growth factor-beta, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4. CONCLUSION: Genomic profiling may help to identify patients who are at high risk for developing tumor recurrence, and those who are more likely to benefit from chemoradiation therapy. A larger prospective study is needed to validate these preliminary data using germline polymorphisms on tumor recurrences in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation.     

甘草酸单铵结合氦-氖激光治疗银屑病62例

目的用甘草酸单铵结合低能量氦-氖激光,观察治疗银屑病患者。方法62例寻常型银屑病患者,分为两组,A组用低能量氦-氖激光血管内照射,同时用甘草酸单铵静脉滴注,共36例;B组仅用甘草酸单铵,共26例。通过30d治疗。结果总有效率82.2%,其中A组有效率88.9%,B组73.1%(经Ridit检验,U＝2.76,P＜0.01),两组差异有极显著性意义。结论甘草酸单铵结合氦-氖激光治疗银屑病,比单用甘草酸单铵效果好。     

A fetus with meckel-gruber syndrome associated with isomerism

Abstract. Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS) is an autosomal recessive lethal malformation. As far as we know, the rate of incidence for the syndrome is 0.02 per 10,000 births. It is estimated that Meckel-Gruber syndrome accounts for 5% of all neural tube defects in Finland. Objective. The aim of this study is to present a case of a fetus with Meckel-Gruber syndrome associated with complete left isomerism. Method. The fetus was obtained after medical interruption of the pregnancy during the fifteenth gestational week. The mother was 36 years old and in a consanguineous marriage. The antenatal ultrasound examination revealed a polymalformative syndrome, leading to a postmortem examination. The fetopathological study of the fetus was conducted at the Centre for Maternity and Neonatology, Tunis, Tunisia, in 2008. Results. The female fetus had a significantly deformed ballooning abdomen, pes equinovarus, flexion of the wrist and a total posterior cleft palate. The central nervous system abnormalities were occipital encephalocele, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, agenesis of corpus callosum and hydrocephalus. The study of the internal organs found dextrocardia, irregular lobulation of the lungs, left isomerism, and polysplenia. The microscopic examination revealed bilateral cystic dilation of the kidneys, fibrous proliferation of the liver and ectasic dilatation of the billiary ducts, representing a ductal plate malformation of the liver. Conclusion. The case is diagnosed with Meckel-Gruber syndrome associated with complete left isomerism, cleft palate and possibly Dandy-Walker syndrome.