气相色谱法同时测定醒脑静氯化钠注射液中冰片及麝香酮的含量

建立气相色谱同时测定醒脑静氯化钠注射液中冰片及麝香酮含量.以氯仿为溶剂提取醒脑静氯化钠注射液中的冰片及麝香酮,用聚乙二醇-20M毛细管色谱柱,FID检测器,程序升温140℃维持8分钟,再以30℃·min-1升温至200℃维持10分钟,采用外标法测定.结果冰片在13.65～271.8μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性相关(r=0.9999), 回收率为98.62%,RSD=1.80% ,(n=6);麝香酮在2～40μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性相关(r=0.9999),回收率为97.80%,RSD=1.37% ,(n=6). 该方法准确,灵敏,重现性好.     

气相色谱法拆分醒脑静注射液中龙脑对映体及含量测定

目的:采用气相色谱法拆分醒脑静注射液中龙脑对映体,并通过对映体的分离测定含量。方法:采用CYCLOSIL-B(30m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)手性毛细管色谱柱、FID检测器,以内标法测定醒脑静注射液中左旋龙脑和右旋龙脑的含量。结果:龙脑对映体在CYCLOSIL-B手性毛细管色谱柱上具有较好的分离效果,其分离度为2.04。左旋龙脑和右旋龙脑线性范围分别为0.048～0.960和0.050～1.008 mg·mL-1(r≥0.9991);冰片投料为天然冰片的样品中右旋龙脑平均回收率(n=6)为98.4%,RSD为1.8%;冰片投料为艾片的样品中左旋龙脑的平均回收率(n=6)为99.1%,RSD为1.9%。结论:所建立的方法简单、准确、可靠,能用于醒脑静注射液的质量控制。     

手性毛细管柱气相色谱法测定复方牛黄消炎胶囊中冰片的含量

目的 建立手性毛细管柱气相色谱法同时测定复方牛黄消炎胶囊中异龙脑、左旋龙脑、右旋龙脑3个成分的含量.方法 采用CYCLO-SIL-B手性毛细管柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm),程序升温(初始温度120℃,保持12min,以20℃/min升温至最终温度200℃,保持5min),FID检测器温度220℃,进样口温度200℃,载气为高纯N2,进样量1.0μL,进样分流比5:1.结果 异龙脑、左旋龙脑、右旋龙脑质量浓度分别在3.000~150.0μg·mL-1(r=0.9999)、1.602~80.10μg·mL-1(r=1.0000)、3.143~157.2μg·mL-1(r=1.0000)范围内与峰面积线性关系良好;平均回收率(n=6)分别为99.3%(RSD=1.8%),102.6%(RSD=2.0%),96.2%(RSD=1.9%);不同厂家复方牛黄消炎胶囊中异龙脑、左旋龙脑、右旋龙脑3个主要成分的含量范围分别为2.18~5.38、2.39~3.47、1.64~5.48mg·g-1.结论 该方法 快速、准确,精密度良好,可用于复方牛黄消炎胶囊中冰片的含量测定.     

气相色谱法测定复方麝香注射液中薄荷脑、龙脑含量

目的 建立气相色谱法测定复方麝香注射液中薄荷脑、冰片(以龙脑计)的含量.方法 采用气相色谱法,色谱柱为聚乙二醇-20M毛细管柱30m×0.53mm×0.25μm,程序升温,起始温度90℃,每分钟升10℃,升至170℃后保持10min,分流比50∶1,FID检测器;检测器温度为250℃.结果 用气相色谱法测定复方麝香注射液中薄荷脑在0.0871～0.5226mg·mL-1;冰片(以龙脑计)龙脑在0.1094～0.6564mg·mL-1范围内呈线性关系,线性方程分别为Y=8.7568×10-3+ 7.4529X,r=0.9999(n=5);Y=1.5603×10-2+ 7.4845X,r=0.9999(n=5),平均回收率分别为99.93％(n=9),RSD 0.8％;99.10％(n=9),RSD 1.5％.结论 本方法简便、准确、快速,可用于复方麝香注射液的质量控制.     

气相色谱法测定醒脑静注射液中麝香酮含量

目的建立气相色谱法测定醒脑静注射液中麝香酮的含量。方法采用气相色谱法,色谱柱为DB-1毛细管柱15m×0.53mm×1μm,FID检测器,采用外标法测定。结果用气相色谱法测定醒脑静注射液中麝香酮在8.706~174.12μg.mL-1范围内呈线性关系,线性方程为Y=19.3951＋4.1671X,相关系数r=0.9993（n=5）,平均回收率为100.5%,RSD1.31%（n=9）。结论本方法简便、准确、快速,可用于醒脑静注射液的质量控制。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定醒脑静葡萄糖注射液中冰片和麝香酮含量

目的建立醒脑静葡萄糖注射液中冰片和麝香酮的含量测定方法。方法使用气相色谱仪,采用DM-17毛细管色谱柱（50％苯基和50％甲基聚硅氧烷）,0.32mm×30m,液膜厚度为0.25μm;柱温70℃,保持2min,以10℃·min^-1的速度升温至200℃,保持10min。以氮气为载气,流速为2ml·min^-1;FID检测器。结果冰片,麝香酮线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999;平均回收率分别为97.2％、97.0％;检出限分别为0.25、0.16mg·L^-1。结论本方法简便,灵敏度高,重复性好,结果准确,适合于醒脑静葡萄糖注射液中冰片和麝香酮的含量测定。     

GC同时测定麝香通心滴丸中龙脑、异龙脑和麝香酮的含量

摘要：目的 建立同时测定麝香通心滴丸中龙脑、异龙脑及麝香酮含量的气相色谱法。方法 色谱柱：HP-5MS毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25 μm),检测器为FID检测器,检测器温度为250 ℃,进样口温度220 ℃。柱温以100 ℃为初始温度,保持2分钟,以2 ℃?min-1升温至110 ℃,保持3分钟,以50 ℃?min-1升温至205 ℃,保持7分钟,以20 ℃?min-1升温至250 ℃,保持2分钟;载气为氮气,流速为1 mL?min-1;进样方式为分流进样,分流比为10：1;进样量为1 μL,以萘为内标。结果 龙脑、异龙脑、麝香酮的浓度分别在0.05468~0.4374 mg?mL-1(r=0.9999),0.07067~0.5654 mg?mL-1(r=0.9999),0.004512~0.03610 mg?mL-1(r=0.9997)的范围内线性良好;平均回收率分别为97.91 %(RSD=2.05 %),100.79 %(RSD= 2.78 %),105.36 %(RSD=3.78 %)。结论 该方法有效可靠,可用于麝香通心滴丸中龙脑、异龙脑和麝香酮的含量测定。     

气相色谱法测定竹茹中三萜化合物木栓酮的含量

目的:建立竹茹中主要的五环三萜类化合物木栓酮的提取和气相色谱测定方法。方法:竹茹粉末用正己烷热回流提取8 h,得正己烷萃取物;气相色谱条件:FID检测器,HP-5色谱柱(5％phenyl methyl siloxane,30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)、柱温从140℃以20℃·min-1升温到280℃,保持22 min。结果:提取方法有效,淡竹茹中木栓酮含量为0.688％;木栓酮检出限为1.01μg·mL-1,定量限为4.06μg·mL-1,回收率为101.1％,RSD为2.3％。结论:提取方法简单,检测方法灵敏、重现性好,为竹茹的质量评价和品质控制提供了可量化的参数。     

顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定药用辅料羧甲基淀粉钠中的溶剂残留量

目的:建立顶空气相色谱法测定药用辅料羧甲基淀粉钠中乙醇、异丙醇残留量的方法。方法:采用顶空气相色谱法,以水为溶解介质,色谱柱为DB-1301石英毛细管柱,柱温80℃,检测器为氢火焰离子化检测器,检测器温度为250℃,进样口温度为150℃。结果:乙醇、异丙醇的检测浓度的线性范围分别为0.025～2.0mg·mL-1(r=0.9999)和0.025～2.0mg·mL-1(r=0.9999);平均回收率分别为99.5%(RSD=0.9%)和99.2%(RSD=1.2%);定量限分别为4.85、2.95μg·mL-1;3批样品中乙醇和异丙醇残留量均符合《中国药典》要求。结论:本方法简单、准确、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于羧甲基淀粉钠中有机溶剂残留量的测定。     

气相色谱法检测麝珠明目滴眼液中冰片和麝香酮的含量

目的建立气相色谱法同时测定麝珠明目滴眼液中冰片及麝香酮含量。方法用HP-INNOWAX（30m×320μm×0.25μm）色谱柱,火焰离子化检测器（FID）进行分析检测。程序升温：140℃维持8min,再以30℃.min-1升温至200℃维持10min,采用外标法测定。结果冰片在0.41~10.26mg.mL-1范围内线性相关（r=0.9993）,回收率为101.0%,RSD=1.1%（n=6）;麝香酮在0.007~0.38mg.mL-1范围内线性相关（r=0.9999）,回收率为98.2%,RSD=0.8%（n=6）。结论该方法简便、准确,重现性好,可用于麝珠明目滴眼液的质量控制。     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Dietary vitamin E and selenium and toxicity of nitrite and nitrate

Nitrites and nitrates are important antimicrobial and flavoring/coloring agents in meat and fish products. However, nitrites and nitrates may cause methemoglobinemia and other illness, and may react with certain amines to form carcinogenic nitrosamines. The nutritional status of vitamin E and selenium has long been associated with nitrite and nitrate toxicity, although the mechanism involved is not yet clear. Information available recently shows that nitrites and nitrates are both oxidation products and ready sources of nitric oxide (NO*), that NO* reacts rapidly with superoxide to form highly reactive peroxynitrite (ONOO-), and that vitamin E may mediate the generation and availability of superoxide and NO*. Increased formation of ONOO- resulting from nitrite treatment and low intake of vitamin E and selenium may thus be the critical event leading to tissue damage and animal mortality observed previously. The protection against the adverse effects of nitrites/nitrates by vitamin E is attributed to its ability to reduce ONOO- formation, while selenium exerts its protective effects via seleno-enzymes/compounds, which reduce ONOO- formed.