台湾海峡海洋沉积物放线菌的多样性

目的探究台湾海峡海洋沉积物中放线菌的多样性及发现合成药物先导化合物的新菌源。方法采用6种选择性培养基分离15份来自台湾海峡沉积物样品中含有的放线菌。挑选不同培养特征的放线菌进行初步分类鉴别、16S rRNA基因序列系统进化分析及基于PCR的烯二炔抗生素基因筛选。结果共分离到497株放线菌,挑选的95株放线菌分别属于放线菌7个科,11个属。16S rRNA基因序列分析结果提示分离到的小单孢菌科菌种存在数个潜在新种,95株菌中有27%的菌株含有烯二炔抗生素核弹头的生物合成基因片段。结论海洋环境蕴含丰富的放线菌资源,具有产生烯二炔类抗生素的潜能。     

海水中致病性弧菌分离及抗菌药物敏感性分析

目的了解我国东南沿海海水中致病性弧菌的分布情况及其对抗菌药物的敏感性。方法用海水采样器采集海水，经增菌培养和细菌分离，进行细菌鉴定和抗菌药物敏感性试验。结果从160份海水中分离出弧菌科细菌339株，其中弧菌属295株（87.0％），气单胞菌属42株（12，4％），邻单胞菌属2株（0.6％）。药敏试验结果显示，150株致病性弧菌对亚胺培南及头孢哌酮／舒巴坦的药物敏感率为100％，对头孢哌酮、复方磺胺甲略唑、庆大霉素、奈替米星、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶和左氧氟沙星的药物敏感率为90．0％～98．7％，对头孢唑林和氨苄西林的敏感率较差，仅为28．0％和30.0％。结论海水中致病性弧菌分离及抗菌药物敏感性分析，对海洋弧菌所致疾病的预防、诊断和治疗都具有重要指导意义。     

洁净室环境中一株细菌bd5的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

对一株从药品检验洁净室中分离得到的环境菌bd5进行系统分类鉴定。该菌株的16S rDNA序列测序及系统发育分析结果显示,bd5属于罗氏菌属(Rothia),与该属的7个种系统发育关系最密切,因基因序列相似性皆大于95.8%而聚为一簇。虽然bd5与污泥罗氏菌(Rothia amarae)单独相聚,形成一个独立亚分支,但序列差异性达1.8%。生理生化试验结果进一步表明该菌不仅有罗氏菌"属"级的生化特征,还具有与其他种相区别的生化反应。综合形态学特征、生化特性、16S rDNA序列相似性及系统发育关系分析显示,菌株bd5可能为罗氏菌属的一个潜在新种。     

腹泻标本中致病菌的检测与临床意义

目的 研究腹泻致病菌的种类。方法 本文收集夏季腹泻病人粪便248份进行病原菌的分离鉴定。结果 志贺氏菌属40株（14.08%)，沙门氏菌属2株（0.70%)。弧菌属25株（8.81%)。气单胞菌属1株（0.35%)。结论 致腹泻病原菌以志贺氏菌为主，弧菌科细菌也不容忽视。它对提高肠道致病菌的阳性率具有很重要的临床意义。     

我院10年来临床感染常见菌分析

目的：了解佛山地区感染疾病各类常见标本的菌种谱和细菌检出率，以提供临床诊断和治疗参考。方法：对1993-2002年10年来住院病人标本50899份的细菌分离情况进行统计分析。结果：共分离出细菌12227株（总分离率为24．0％），分属34个菌属77个菌种，其中1993—1997年标本22907份，分离细菌5466株（分离率23、9％），包托G-杆菌3598株（65．8％），G 菌1177株（21．5％），真菌691株(12．7％）：1998-2002年标本27992份，分离细菌6761株（分离率24．2％），其中G-杆菌4507株（66．7％），G 菌1309株（19.4％)，真菌945株(14．0％)。结论：两年度段相比，主要菌种谱基本一致，但检出率有一定差异。     

2007-2008年住院患者细菌耐药综合分析

目的监测梅河口市友谊医院感染患者中分离细菌的耐药情况。方法2007-2008年7月份内分离的584株致病菌，采用WHO推荐纸片琼脂扩散法（Kirby-Bauer，K-B法）。结果检测到念球菌属159株，占阳性标本28%位居第一（其中白色念球菌占75%，克柔念球菌占24%，热带念球菌占11%）；其他依次大肠埃希菌98株，占17%；肺炎克雷伯菌96株占16%；葡萄球菌属82株占总阳性标本14%。其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌占22%（MRSA）；耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌27%（MRSE）；链球菌属25株占总阳性标本4%；其中肠球菌属9例占36%。非发酵菌属54株占9%（其中铜绿假单胞菌52%，不动杆菌属占19%）；卡他莫拉菌40株占7%；其他30株占5%。在大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中，产超广谱酶菌各占12%和15%。结论头孢哌酮/舒巴坦，利福平。万古霉素对革兰阳性球菌具有很高的抗菌活性，碳青酶烯类对革兰氏阴性菌杆仍保持高活性。     

临床感染病原菌分布及耐药菌分析

［摘要］目的分析临床感染病原菌及耐药菌分布特征,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法16 128份临床感染标本分离株培养鉴定后,监测常见分离菌的耐药菌株。结果3 639株分离菌中革兰阴性菌2 544株（69.91%）,革兰阳性菌852株（23.41%）,酵母样菌243株（6.68%）。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷白杆菌产超广谱β 内酰胺酶株的检出率分别为58.86%,26.06%;金黄色葡萄球菌中耐甲氧西林株的检出率为27.27%,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中耐甲氧西林的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的检出率为82.43%。铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌等非发酵革兰阴性条件致病菌已占到临床分离细菌第2位,比例达29.0%。结论正常菌群、条件致病菌是感染菌谱中的主要病原菌。耐药菌株的增多是临床面临的重要问题。应合理使用抗菌药物,减少耐药菌株的产生和播散。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠南麓土壤放线菌资源勘探及抗菌活性筛选

目的探测塔克拉玛干沙漠南麓放线菌多样性及抗菌活性,以期发现新药用微生物资源,为新抗生素发现奠定基础。方法采用10种分离培养基,以稀释涂布法分离放线菌;采用16S rRNA基因序列分析放线菌多样性;放线菌液体发酵,发酵液乙酸乙酯萃取,菌丝体丙酮浸提;对获得的提取浓缩物,采用纸片扩散法进行抗菌活性筛选。结果从17份土壤样品,共纯化到368株放线菌;其中166株经过16S rRNA序列分析的放线菌分布于16个科的24个属,链霉菌属和拟诺卡菌属为优势菌属;菌株SC8A-24的16Sr RNA基因序列与最近有效菌株Nocardioides salaries CL-Z59T(DQ401092)的相似率为96.41%,为潜在的新种;发酵96株放线菌,其中62株在至少一个抗菌活性筛选中显示为阳性,总阳性率为64.58%。结论塔克拉玛干沙漠南麓土壤中存在较为丰富的药用放线菌资源,具有从中发现放线菌新物种及新结构抗生素的潜力。     

婴幼儿腹泻病原菌分布特点及药敏分析

目的：研究青岛市2013年儿童感染性腹泻的病原菌的分布、流行病学特征及对抗菌药物的敏感情况,为临床预防以及合理用药提供参考依据。方法对2013年1月~2013年12月临床初步诊断为感染性腹泻患儿的新鲜粪便标本进行细菌分离培养和血清分型鉴定,采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验,并以免疫层析双抗体夹心法定性检测A群轮状病毒抗原。结果526份粪便培养共检出病原菌6种80株,检出率为15.2%（80/526）。检出沙门菌38株（47.5%）,志贺菌8株（10.0%）,致泻性大肠杆菌8株（10.0%）,金黄色葡萄球菌4株（5.0%）,铜绿假单胞菌19株（23.7%）,白假丝酵母菌3株（3.75%）。8株志贺菌7株为福氏志贺菌,1株鲍氏志贺菌。沙门菌和志贺菌的耐药率分别为氨苄西林（68.7%、76.9%）、复方新诺明（21.1%、38.5%）、环丙沙星（15.8%、15.4%）、头孢曲松（6.25%、15.3%）。526份标本中A群轮状病毒阳性107份。结论2013年青岛市儿童细菌性腹泻的病原菌以沙门菌为主,易感人群以2岁以下婴幼儿为主;而金黄色葡萄球菌感染以1岁以下婴儿为主;铜绿假单胞菌和白假丝酵母菌引起的腹泻主要是由于长期应用广谱抗生素使肠道菌群失调所导致;A群轮状病毒是引起婴幼儿秋冬季腹泻的主要病原。应规范临床用药,加强细菌耐药监测。     

罗布泊地区沙生植物根际放线菌多样性及生物活性的研究

目的研究罗布泊地区沙生植物根际放线菌多样性及其生物活性,以期发现新药用微生物资源。方法采用2种分离方法,6种分离培养基,从两种沙生植物24份根际土样中分离放线菌;对其中131株放线菌发酵液及乙酸乙酯提取液采用抗菌、杀线虫模型进行活性筛选,并根据活性测定结果结合菌株形态特征对其中66株进行16S rRNA基因序列分析。结果共分离到放线菌154株,53株在其中一个或两个活性筛选模型中都显示为阳性,总阳性率为40.46%,16S rRNA基因序列分析表明这66株放线菌分布在12个属,除了优势菌链霉菌(Streptomyces)外,还发现了拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis),拟无枝酸菌属(Amycolatopsis),疣孢菌属(Verrucosispore),喜冷杆菌属(Cryobacterium),异壁放线菌属(Actinoalloteichus),假诺卡氏菌属(Pseudonocardia),普氏菌属(Prauserella),链单孢菌属(Streptomonospora),贫养杆菌属(Modestobacter),放线产孢菌属(Actinomycetospora),芽生球菌属(Blastococcus)等稀有放线菌属,菌株CA15-2与GenBank数据库中最近种Nocardiopsis nikkonensis YU1183-22T(GenBank登录号:AB491226)的相似性约为94%,可能为潜在的新属或新种。结论罗布泊地区沙生植物根际存在较为丰富的放线菌资源并能产生多种活性次级代谢产物,值得进一步的研究。     

New tetracyclic diterpenoid and new ceramides from the soft coral Sinularia conferta

The new tetracyclic diterpenoid confertdiate (1) and two new ceramides, (2) and (3), have been isolated from the soft coral Sinularia conferta, collected from Sanya Bay, Hainan Island, China. Their structures have been elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and comparison of the ¹³C NMR data with those of the known diterpenoid isomandapamate confirmed the structure of 1.     

Harzianums A and B produced by a fungal strain, Hypocrea sp. F000527, and their cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines

A new compound, harzianum B (1), was isolated from the culture broth of a fungal strain, Hypocrea sp. F000527, together with a known trichothecene, harzianum A (2). Its structure was determined by spectroscopic analyses including HRFAB-MS and various ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectral data. Harzianum B (1) was characterised as (E,Z,E)-2', 4', 6'-octatriendioic acid esterified on the 4β-hydroxyl group of trichodermol. Harzianums A (2) and B (1) showed cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines.     

Manoalide derivatives from a sponge, Luffariella sp.

A new derivative of manoalide, 24-n-propyl-O-manoalide (1) together with manoalide (4) and four known derivatives (2, 3, 5, 6) were isolated from the methanolic extract of a sponge. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic method. All the compounds showed significant cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cell line by MTS assay. Secomanoalide indicated antifungal activity on fungal lines Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida albicans by in vitro antibiotic assay.     

New dibenz[b, f]oxepins from Cercis chinensis Bunge

Three new dibenz[b,f]oxepins: 6-methoxy-7-methyl-8-hydroxydibenz[b, f]oxepin (1), 1,8-dimethoxy-6-hydroxy-7-methyldibenz[b, f]oxepin (2), and 1-hydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy-7-methyldibenz[b,f]oxepin (3), along with two known dibenz[b,f]oxepins pacharin (4) and bauhiniastatin 4 (5), were isolated from Cercis chinensis Bunge (Leguminosae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence (EI-MS, UV, IR, ¹H, ¹³C and 2D NMR). Compounds 1-5 were isolated from the Cercis genus for the first time.     

A new amide from Asarum forbesii Maxim

A highly unsaturated new amide, (2E,4Z,8Z,10Z)-N-isobutyl-2,4,8,10-dodecatetraenamide (1), was isolated in very small quantities from the whole plant of Asarum forbesii Maxim. together with four known compounds, (2E,4E,8Z,10E)-N-isobutyl-2,4,8,10-dodecatetraenamide (2), (-)-sesamin (3), (-)-asarinin (4) andE)-asarone5). The Z/E isomers, 1 and 2, were separated successfully by developed silver-ion medium-pressure liquid chromatography (SIMPLC). Compound 2 and the two diastereoisomers, 3 and 4, were isolated from this plant for the first time. The characterization of these compounds was achieved by various spectroscopic methods.     

Heteroclitin H, a new lignan from Kadsura heteroclita

A new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, heteroclitin H (1), was isolated together with seven known compounds, heteroclitin D (2), interiorin B (3), interiorin (4), neokasuranin (5), interiotherin C (6), gomisin J (7) and (+)-anwulignan (8), from the stems of Kadsura heteroclita. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. This is the first report of the isolation of compounds 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 from K. heteroclita.     

Triterpenes from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook

Two new friedelane-type triterpenes, tripterfrielanons A (1) and B (2), along with six known triterpenoids, friedelin (3), canophyllal (4), canophyllalic acid (5), 3-oxo-29-hydroxyfriedelane (6), wilforlide A (7), wilforlide B (8), have been isolated from the EtOH extract of the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. Compounds 4, 5, 6 were isolated for the first time from this plant. The new triterpenes 1 and 2 exhibited mild cytotoxic activity against human Hela cell lines in vitro. The assay showed the IC₅₀ of 1 and 2 were 8.5 and 25 μg/mL, respectively.     

Studies on the alkaloid constituents of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss) Benth var. bodinaieri (Dode) Huang and their acute toxicity in mice

Six alkaloids (1-6) have been isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss) Benth var. bodinaieri (Dode) Huang, two of which are new compounds, identified as 2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone (4) and 1-methyl-2-undecanone-10'-4(1H)-quinolone (5); the known compounds were identified as rutaecarpine (1), evodiamine (2), 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinoline (3) and 2-undecanone-10'-4(1H)-quinolone (6). Compounds 1-5 were evaluated for their acute toxicity.     

Antioxidant phenolic glucosides from Gentiana piasezkii

An extract of Gentiana piasezkii afforded a new arbutin derivative 6'-O-vanilloylarbutin (1) and a new flavone-C-glucoside 7-O-feruloylorientin (2), together with four known flavonoids lutonarin (3), saponarin (4), isoorient (5) and luteolin (6). Their structures were established based on spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR (COSY and gHMBC) techniques. Compounds 1, 2, 5 and 6 were evaluated for the antioxidant activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay system.     

Hederyne A, a new antimicrobial polyacetylene from galls of Hedera rhombea Bean

A new C₁₇-polyacetylene, named hederyne A (1), has been isolated from the MeOH extract of galls of Hedera rhombea Bean (Araliaceae), together with two known polyacetylenes, falcarindiol (2) and 11,12-dehydrofalcarinol (3). The structure elucidation of 1 was achieved by NMR, MS, IR, and UV spectroscopy. Hederyne A (1) was a new C₁₇-diacetylene containing 1,3-propanediol and exhibited selective antimicrobial activity against Micrococus luteus.